Small knowledge of air defense early warning

1. Early warning tips for air defense in kindergartens

Kindergarten air defense early warning knowledge 1. How to popularize civil air defense knowledge for kindergarten children?

In order to deepen the popularization of civil air defense knowledge, on the morning of June 65438+1October 65438+March, Guangzhou Road Community held a special publicity and education activity of "Keep in mind the safety of civil air defense" in Doucaiqiao Kindergarten.

This activity * * * arranges three links: civil air defense knowledge quiz, earthquake fire drill and sitcom performance. Questions and answers on civil air defense safety knowledge; The teacher shows pictures of civil air defense knowledge such as fire control facilities, no trampling, no touching and safe passage. Let the children answer the questions first, and the children will answer the questions enthusiastically and gain knowledge in a warm atmosphere. Earthquake and fire escape drills; With the "earthquake" signal, the children immediately got under the desk and enhanced their self-help and escape ability through drills. Finally, daily safety sitcoms are performed. The above colorful activities are entertaining and entertaining, so that children can gradually establish safety awareness and understand some knowledge of air defense and disaster prevention from an early age.

Guangzhou Road Community has taken civil air defense into kindergarten as the feature of community civil air defense education since it started civil air defense into the community, and strived to create a social atmosphere of learning civil air defense knowledge and mastering civil air defense disaster prevention skills. For four years in a row, we jointly held civil air defense activities with Doucaiqiao Kindergarten, which formed a normal cooperation and left a mark of civil air defense in the hearts of kindergarten children.

2. The principle of air defense warning

A device used to send out air defense alarms, mainly sound alarms.

Sound alarms can be divided into fixed and mobile. Fixed sound alarms are generally installed in higher places in cities, such as the tops of tall buildings and hilltops. In order to improve the survivability, some important acoustic alarms are raised and lowered, which are generally placed underground and raised out of the ground when necessary.

Mobile sound alarm is mainly assembled on cars. At present, the urban civil air defense sound alarms in China are mainly electric alarms and electroacoustic alarms. In the future, electroacoustic alarms will be mainly used, and pneumatic alarms will be installed at high sound pressure level. The acoustic alarm is controlled by the alarm sending control center. There are usually two control modes: wired and wireless, and there are various control modes such as full control, group control, single control and automatic control.

3. Smell the alarm long knowledge composition

At 9 o'clock yesterday morning, the air defense alarm sounded at Meicheng Street Xiaogang, and the alarm over the city was deafening. We sat in the classroom and listened clearly. It rang for about 15 minutes.

Because newspapers, TV stations and radio stations reported it first, the students were very silent, knowing that this was an air defense alarm trial, mainly to check the equipment of air defense alarm and improve everyone's air defense knowledge. When I got home, I asked my grandfather why the sound of this air defense alarm was long and short, and how to distinguish the functions of these sounds? Grandpa told me that there are three kinds of air defense alarms: the first one is to prepare an alarm and repeat it three times, indicating that there is a situation and we should prepare for air defense; Second, the air raid alarm with short sound sounded 15 times in a row, indicating that an enemy plane entered the sky above the city and must take immediate safety measures, or enter a bomb shelter or evacuate to a durable building; Third, the alarm was lifted for three consecutive minutes, indicating that the security situation has been restored and it is possible to withdraw from the bomb shelter for normal production and life.

Through this alarm trial and grandpa's explanation, I have increased my knowledge of air defense safety, known the important role of air defense alarm in protecting my own safety, and mastered what kind of sound it is, so I won't panic when air defense really happens in the future.

4. What are the air defense knowledge?

Air defense is a defense against air raid or aerial reconnaissance. Including civil air defense, military air defense and important air defense. According to means, it is divided into active air defense and passive air defense.

Active air defense refers to air defense by destroying and intercepting enemy air attack weapons;

Passive air defense is an air defense that prevents enemy air-raid weapons from exerting their effectiveness or eliminating the consequences of air-raid.

Civil air defense belongs to passive air defense, and the main protective measures are: building civil air defense projects, evacuating people and materials, implementing camouflage, implementing lighting control and taking rescue measures.

The basic means of civil air defense can be summarized as "going", "hiding" and "eliminating". The so-called "going" means organizing personnel evacuation in time. The so-called "hiding" means entering the civil air defense fortifications in time to hide. The so-called "elimination" means eliminating the consequences caused by air strikes in time.

5. Basic knowledge of air defense self-help

1. Protection in modern conventional air raid: Identification and protection of personnel in conventional air raid (1) Identification is to identify air raid warning signals and modern air raid weapons.

Due to the sudden attack of modern air raid, it is difficult to identify air raid weapons. Therefore, identifying early warning signals of air strikes is an important prerequisite for timely prevention. When the alarm sounds for 36 seconds, stops for 24 seconds, and repeats for 3 times, with a cycle of 3 minutes, this alarm is to inform urban residents in advance that the enemy may carry out air strikes on the city and warn people to make various preparations for air strikes in advance.

When the alarm sounds for 6 seconds, stops for 6 seconds, and repeats 15 times, with a period of 3 minutes. This alarm is issued when the enemy plane or other air raid device is near the city and the air raid is about to start or has already started, informing people to take protective measures such as evacuation and shelter quickly to prevent air raid. When the alarm signal rings continuously for 3 minutes.

This kind of alarm is to inform people that the air raid has been lifted, and they can clean up and eliminate the consequences of the air raid according to the air raid prevention plan, and at the same time restore the normal production and life of the city. (2) Prevention means making full use of all kinds of anti-air raid facilities for safety protection.

1. In the war preparation stage, all organs, factories, mines, organizations and schools should check the original air-raid shelters, bunkers, semi-basements and other facilities after receiving the advance notice that the enemy may launch a war and air raid the city. If there is water, it should be removed, and if it needs to be cleaned and reinforced, it should be cleaned and reinforced as soon as possible. Carefully check the ventilation, filtration, sealing and lighting devices to ensure that they can be used normally; Be familiar with the internal structure, surrounding environment and walking route of the protection project, so as to organize the staff of subordinate units and students to enter the air defense shelter department in an orderly manner when they are attacked by the enemy.

2. People and residents who are indoors during the enemy air raid (1) should try to hide in the nearby basement, the ground floor of buildings, corridors or short-span solid buildings under reinforced concrete stairs. Don't stand in the open air or watch from the window to avoid being injured by broken glass or shrapnel.

(2) Pedestrians on the street should leave dangerous houses, high-voltage wires and inflammable and explosive articles as soon as possible after learning the air raid signal, and quickly move to safer areas such as nearby basements, subways and stations. 3) All buses, trams and other vehicles driving in the city should immediately pull over, stop running and evacuate and hide after learning the air raid signal.

Drivers should park their vehicles on the side roads so as not to affect the running of fire engines, ambulances and emergency vehicles. Vehicles carrying dangerous goods should be parked in a safe zone away from buildings and houses.

(4) Personnel in factories, mines, enterprises, institutions, shops, theaters, stations and docks, except those who must stick to their posts, should be calm and listen to the command after hearing the air raid signal, and should not panic, and should be concealed in an orderly manner in nearby air defense fortifications, underground, semi-basement and other places that are easy to hide. (5) After hearing the air raid signal, people in the open area outside the school should choose the nearby low-lying land, road ditch, potholes, big trees and so on for evacuation and concealment.

If you find that an enemy plane or missile will fall or explode near you, you should quickly lie down on the spot. When lying down, face down, cover your ears, open your mouth, close your eyes, and don't put your chest and abdomen on the ground to prevent internal organs and head organs from being damaged by the earthquake.

When you hear the sound of "Shh ……", it means that the bomb is close to the ground. Taking the above measures can reduce casualties. Second, the protection of * * * Injury factors Once the explosion flash, sudden smoke and * * * attack are found, indoor and outdoor personnel must quickly and accurately complete the protective actions before the injury factors arrive in order to survive.

So, what kind of protective action is fast, accurate and effective? (1) Principles and methods of outdoor personnel protection. Outdoor personnel should focus on the instantaneous fatal factors that are seriously protected. The principle of protection is to reduce the exposed surface, strive for a heavy barrier to protect the head and reduce the debris killing. The correct way is: when the explosion flash is found, you should avoid watching fireballs, quickly enter various civil air defense projects, and don't go in and out at will. When you have no time to enter the civil air defense project, you should quickly (within 2 seconds) use the terrain and objects within three or five steps to lie down on the spot.

When encountering large terrain features, lie flat; When the terrain is small, lie down facing the explosion center; When no terrain is available, lie down with your back to the blasting center. When a nuclear explosion occurs, if there are rivers, lakes or ponds around, you should immediately dive into the water for protection.

If possible, cover your body with light-colored clothes, especially the exposed parts of your skin. When using terrain features for protection, it should be noted that the side of terrain features facing away from the explosion center must be used, and solid and stable terrain features should be used as much as possible to avoid objects that are easy to collapse, burn and explode, so as to avoid indirect injuries.

(II) Principles and methods of indoor personnel protection The principles of indoor personnel protection are: using solid building parts and furniture to reduce exposure, setting barriers, protecting key parts and reducing debris killing. The correct way is to lie down in the corner immediately after finding the flash, preferably under the table or bed near the corner.

Avoid doors and windows and inflammable and explosive articles to avoid personal injury or other indirect injury caused by glass fragments. After the shock wave, shake off the dust immediately and quickly enter the civil air defense project for protection.

If there is no civil air defense project, you can also enter the building that has not collapsed after the shock wave attack and close the doors and windows to prevent radioactive dust from entering the room. (III) Personnel protection methods in radioactive contaminated areas When working in contaminated areas, personnel should do personal protection: wear masks or masks, tie three mouths (neckline, cuffs and trousers), wear raincoats or cloaks, gloves and rain boots, do not touch contaminated items casually, and do not sit down and take off protective equipment; Eating, smoking and drinking water are prohibited in polluted areas.

When traveling, you should follow the signs set by professionals and avoid high-pollution areas. The leeward wall with solid road surface and wide streets should be selected for lateral driving.

Keep a proper distance between people, walk lightly, try to reduce dust, move quickly and try to shorten the time in the polluted area. When taking the bus, in addition to personal protection, close the window, cover the shed cloth tightly and increase the distance between cars. People on the bus should not get off casually, and try not to touch the wheels and fenders when getting on and off.

(4) With regard to the protection methods for people in the whole region to move to safety, various measures should be taken in a planned and organized way to destroy the bodies.

6. We will write a composition about air defense knowledge. Please provide us with any information.

Air defense warning knowledge

Air defense warning is a warning device to predict the coming of air strikes, but it can also be used to warn various natural disasters and their

Its emergency alert. Once the above situation occurs, sound the alarm signal, and the masses can make emergency preparations. There are three kinds of air defense warning signals.

Early warning, air raid warning and lifting warning shall be uniformly stipulated by the state and issued by the city air defense command organ.

1) Early warning: it is stipulated that the sound signal will ring for 36 seconds, stop for 24 seconds, and repeat for 3 times as a cycle, with a time of 3 minutes. This was informed in advance.

Ladies and gentlemen, the enemy is about to attack the city, and they want to be prepared for air strikes.

2) Air raid alarm: It is stipulated that the sound signal sounds for 6 seconds, stops for 6 seconds, and repeats 15 times as a cycle for 3 minutes. This indicates that enemy planes or

Other air strike weapons are close to the city, and air strikes are about to start or have already started, warning people to hide quickly.

3) Disarm the alarm: it is stipulated that the sound signal will ring continuously for 3 minutes, indicating that the air raid is over and the alarm is disarmed.

At present, there are generally three kinds of air defense alarms used in cities: electro-acoustic, electric and mobile.