Basic knowledge of militia

1. introduction to the basic knowledge of the reserve forces (2) what is the reserve force

the reserve force is an armed organization that is established by the state on the basis of reserve soldiers at ordinary times and turned into active forces in wartime.

the reserve force is an important organizational form to strengthen the construction of the army's reserve force, solve the problem of less troops in peacetime and more troops in wartime, and ensure the rapid expansion of the army in wartime. The relationship and difference between reserve forces and militia organizations are "three similarities" and "three differences".

"San Tong": both are armed organizations that keep their troops in the people; Both belong to the national defense reserve force; Accept the dual leadership of the superior military system and local party committees and * * *. "Three differences": First, the establishment system is different.

The reserve forces have unified establishment, costumes and signs, and are given military flags, designations and reserve ranks; The militia didn't. Second, the wartime tasks are different.

reserve forces are transferred to active service in wartime, under the command of designated combat troops, and generally perform mobile combat tasks; Militiamen do not directly transfer to active service in wartime. Their general task is to maintain public order, fight on the spot or support the front, and always return to the leadership and command of the provincial military region system. Third, the training requirements are different.

The General Staff Department has issued training programs and performance evaluation standards to the reserve forces and militia respectively, and the training of the reserve forces should be in line with the active forces; Militia is determined according to its characteristics and tasks, so its content and requirements are different. The basic tasks of the reserve forces The basic tasks of the China people's reserve forces are: First, strive to improve the military and political quality of the troops and constantly enhance their ability to quickly mobilize and carry out combat tasks under modern conditions.

according to the requirements of the central military commission, we should earnestly strengthen the military training and political education of officers and men, strive to improve the military quality, enhance the ability of troops to quickly mobilize, fight and support local wars in the future under high-tech conditions, and ensure that they will be politically qualified forever. Second, according to the possible needs of future wars, we should earnestly do all the preparations for wartime mobilization, such as improving the mobilization system and mobilization plan, making good reserves of manpower and material resources, and being ready to be transferred to active service at any time to carry out various combat tasks.

Third, actively participate in socialist modernization, play a leading role in the construction of material and spiritual civilization, and promote the development of "two civilizations".

2. what is the content of militia training

in principle, the training of militia cadres and backbone militia shall be organized and implemented by the people's armed forces departments of counties (cities, districts).

according to the requirements of the training program, the training time for cadres is 3 days, which is usually completed within one year; Militia training time is 1 days, [1] completed at one time. Through training, cadres have corresponding military skills and organization and command capabilities, and improve their ability to carry out their own work; Militiamen learn to use their weapons and equipment and master basic military skills; The detachment can undertake general combat tasks.

militia cadres mainly carry out command and teaching methods training at the same level, while backbone militia mainly carry out basic technical and tactical training. The training time of professional and technical soldiers, according to the needs of training militia, has generally built many county-level militia training bases, and most of the militia carry out centralized training in the bases.

according to the needs, a number of professional technical training centers have been set up.

3. What kind of system is the militia system

The militia system means that soldiers are not professional, but a military service system that benefits both the people and the soldiers.

Generally speaking, the professional army is recruited by the state, and most of the troops under the conscription system are militia. In the whole ancient society of our country, only the Song Dynasty implemented the nationwide recruitment system for a long time. Although there were cases of recruiting soldiers in other dynasties, they were generally not the mainstream.

Therefore, most of the standing armies in ancient China were more or less militia. According to the specific military system, the militia system of different dynasties also has its own characteristics.

Compared with the army before the Tang Dynasty, the conscription system is implemented more, that is, men of appropriate age are forced to take turns to serve in the army for a period of time, and after the expiration, they return home to work as farmers. The militia is of a strong nature and its combat effectiveness is difficult to guarantee. However, the nature of government soldiers in Tang Dynasty and Wei Suo soldiers in Ming Dynasty is between militia and professional soldiers.

First of all, soldiers are all soldiers all their lives, and they are always at your disposal, which is like professional soldiers. But at the same time, there is no military pay, and you have to farm your own land and make your own living in peacetime (the state does not levy service on it), which is like a civilian soldier. In addition, relatively pure militia also exists in all generations.

For example, in the Song Dynasty, in order to reduce the military expenditure of the regular army, Wang Anshi trained the peasant armed forces to prepare for the unexpected needs caused by the southward movement of Liao. The "brave" soldiers in the Qing Dynasty belonged to the militia, and it was by the militia that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement was suppressed.

4. What is the militia reserve

Military service performed by citizens outside the army.

is an important measure for national reserve soldiers, including officer reserve and soldier reserve. Citizens regularly participate in military training and perform military tasks during their reserve service, and are always ready to apply for active service.

China began to establish the reserve system in 1955. Article 5 of the Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted at the second session of the Sixth National People's Congress on May 31, 1984, stipulates that "those who are incorporated into militia organizations or registered for reserve service are called reservists".

thus, the reserve refers to the national defense reserve soldiers. It consists of two parts: first, soldiers who have retired from active service and should serve in the reserve; The second is the militia and citizens who have registered for reserve service.

Reserve is a military service obligation different from active service, an important part of the military service system, a basic form of national reserve soldiers, and an important measure to mobilize soldiers in wartime.