What kind of person is Ouyang Xiu in the biography of the layman on June 1st?

Ouyang Xiu Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). The word uncle Yong, drunk Weng, sixty-one layman. Song Renzong Tiansheng eight years Jinshi (1030). In the fifth year of Jiayou (1060), he paid tribute to the Deputy Special Envoy of the Senate. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. In June of the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he resigned as Prince Shao Shi and lived in Yingzhou. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Ouyang Xiu read widely all his life, and his articles were the best in the world. He is well versed in literature and history, and has made great contributions to the reform of writing style in Song Dynasty, ranking among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in historiography. Together with Song Qi and others, he compiled History of the Five Dynasties (New History of the Five Dynasties) and Book of the Tang Dynasty (New Book of the Tang Dynasty). Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong's calligraphy is like a man. If he travels abroad well, he is strong in China." . This prose master is also a pioneer in epigraphy research, editing and sorting out thousands of epigraphy articles, and writing more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records". Among them, there are more than 20 inscriptions, most of which are stone carvings. This is the earliest extant epigraphy work. Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1073), whose real name is Yongshu, also known as drunkard and layman. Luling (now Shaxi, Yongfeng County). An outstanding writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the age of four, he lost his father and his family was poor. His mother painted the land and taught him to write. Reciting more ancient chapters, for poetry, "the text is irrelevant." Tiansheng eight years (1030), Jinshi, Xijing official. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he served as a clerk of Zhennan Army, offended the Prime Minister and was demoted. Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, reprimanding Gao Ruoyi for not upholding justice and being sent to Yiling County. In the first year of Kangding (1040), he was ordered to organize the pavilion and edit the Chongwen catalogue. In the third year (1043), Li Qing was appointed as the right judge and intellectual ruler. In five years, Du Yan, Fan Ju Yan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and other famous ministers were pushed out of the DPRK one after another, and Ouyang Xiu defended them. After being demoted to Chuzhou, it was changed to Yangzhou and Yingzhou. In the first year of you (1049), he returned to Korea and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi and taught himself the history of the Five Dynasties. In his later years, Shao Shi, the official to the Tang Dynasty, took part in political affairs. Zong Shenxi Ning died at home in the fifth year (1072) and died in Wen. Ouyang Xiu's early political thoughts reflected the interests of the small and medium-sized landlord class and had a clear understanding of the serious economic, political and military crisis at that time. Advocate with Yan and others to get rid of accumulated disadvantages, be broad, simple and innovative. In his later years, with the improvement of social status, his thoughts gradually became conservative, and he resisted and ridiculed some new laws of Wang Anshi. But more realistically, Sima Guang and others have different attitudes. Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. As the leader of the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty, his literary theory and creative achievements had a great influence on that time and later generations. In the early Song Dynasty, in the temporarily peaceful social environment, the poetic style advocated by the aristocratic literati group flooded the literary world, which was flashy and meaningless, but it was all the rage. In order to correct the shortcomings of Quincy's style, Ouyang Xiu strongly advocated ancient Chinese prose. He loved reading Han Yu's collected works since he was a child. After he became an official, he personally revised Korean and published it all over the world. He studied Han Yu's literary view and advocated Ming Dow's practical application. He emphasized the decisive role of Tao in writing and believed that Tao was the content, essence, form and tool of writing. Pay special attention to the cultivation of Taoism, and put forward that "literature" should be brilliant, "scholar" should be a teacher, and teachers should enrich themselves with "Tao" But he also corrected some of Han Yu's prejudices. In the interpretation of Tao, he regards the real thing as the concrete content of Tao, and opposes "abandoning everything and being irrelevant" and "talking without telling the truth". In dealing with the relationship between "Tao" and "Wen", it is advocated that "Tao" and "Wen" should be paid equal attention, and "Wen" must obey "Tao", but it is not that "a virtuous person must have words". Many examples are given to illustrate that "from the perspective of poetry and historical records, one can't be a scholar." Pointed out: "Words carry things, and words modify words. What you believe and say can be seen by the whole world. " The so-called "keeping your word" means that the content should be true, the language should be literary, and the content and form should be unified. This is Ouyang Xiu's basic argument about creation. His idea was warmly endorsed by others, such as Mei and others. Later, in the official exam (invigilator), candidates were encouraged to write simple and fluent ancient Chinese. Anything that is empty, flashy or wins by strangeness is excluded. At the same time, he promoted and trained Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other new writers. In this way, the poetry innovation movement he advocated won a decisive victory. Ouyang Xiu's achievements in literary creation are highest in prose. Su Shi commented on his article and said: "On Taoism, it is like Han Yu, on books, like Lu Zhi, on chronicles, like Sima Qian, and on poetry, like Li Bai." However, although Ouyang Xiu always admired the profound knowledge of Korean and Wang Yang was arrogant, he did not follow suit. His prose is concise and fluent, narrative reasoning, beautiful expression, lyrical scenery, fascinating, strange and flat, and a new face of literature. Many of his political works, such as Ben Lun, The Original Disadvantages, A Letter of Advice from the Old Secretary, The Theory of cronies, etc., adhere to their own thoughts of "Ming Dow" and "Practicing the World", closely link with the political struggle at that time, criticize the current disadvantages, have sharp thoughts and clear language, and show a mind of rectifying the current situation and saving the world. He also wrote a lot of lyric and narrative prose, mostly mixed with scenes and swaying. His works, such as Secretly Performing the Preface of Poetry, Preface of Poetry, Preface of Poetry by Su, mourn the old friend and recall the past, which is touching. His works "Fengle Pavilion" and "Zuiweng Pavilion" are written gradually, with euphemistic twists and turns, beautiful words and fresh style. In a word, whether he satirizes the world, mourns the past, or comes to the scene in person, he fully embodies his artistic personality of calmness, generosity and integrity. Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in poetry creation. He "takes prose as poetry" Popular and fluent. Some ancient poems are not poetic, but some modern poems are both interesting and meaningful. In content, some of his poems reflect the pain of people's lives at that time. It has certain social significance. For example, in answering Yang Zijing's long sentence of praying for rain, he described the social reality of "the military and horses have not moved, single spark can start a prairie fire" and "the civil office is often empty"; "Eating Bad People" revealed that officials "drink official wine and coke every day". And the unreasonable phenomenon that people "spend winter and spring without porridge at the bottom of the kettle". But his purpose in writing these poems is clear: "Because Yin Jun told me widely, I took the advice and collected poems for me." In order to persuade the ruling class to improve politics and maintain feudal order. Other poems mostly express the poet's life feelings, such as "Thrushcross Birds": "A hundred tones follow, the mountains are red and purple; I just know that listening to the golden cage is not as good as singing in the forest. " Ouyang Xiu is not only good at writing poems, but also has new ideas from time to time. Later generations collected them into a book called Selected Poems on June 1st. Guo Shaoyu, a modern man, said: "The name of poetic talk originated from Ouyang Xiu, that is, the style of poetic talk, and it can also be said that it originated from Ouyang Jia." (Textual Research on Song Poetry) Ouyang Xiu's poetics changed the previous practice of focusing on Lu's comments, important examples, practices or techniques, but was eclectic and refined. When he commented on poetry, although he did not abolish carving, he advocated returning to nature. He especially praised Mei's theory of "Italian new linguist", which pointed out the direction for the development of Song poetry. Ouyang Xiu also occupied an important position in the early Song Dynasty. He wrote many words, most of which are similar to The Flower House. Most of them are about love and parting between men and women. But the style is high, the skills are skillful and there are many artistic treasures. For example, the last two sentences of "Walking on the Sand", which everyone is familiar with, say, "There are more amateurs in the spring mountains", and it is profound and subtle, giving people a novel and unique feeling. Another example is the first two sentences in Chao Zhong's mistake: "Pingshan fence leans against the clear sky, and there are both mountains and colors." Because the author is meticulous about things, it seems to be written casually, but in fact it is infinitely vivid. Without perfect works, he can't reach this artistic realm. In addition, Ouyang Xiu also broke the strict metrical form of Fu style and wrote some essays. His famous Ode to Autumn Sound is comparable to Su Shi's Ode to the Red Wall, which has been circulated for thousands of years. Ouyang Xiu's works are numerous, rich in content and remarkable in achievements. In addition to literature, Confucian classics has unique insights, epigraphy has pioneering power, and historical achievements are particularly great. His only son, Ouyang Fa, once made a statistic, and there are nearly 20 kinds of books, of which only 13 are included or preserved in Sikuquanshu. The current collection of Ouyang Wenzhong's official documents and the collection of Wen Zhong 153 in Sikuquanshu are relatively complete, and the fifth volume in the appendix is relatively complete. China was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the eight masters of ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties. The word uncle Yong, drunk Weng, sixty-one layman. People from Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Jiangxi). Ouyang Xiu claimed to be a native of Luling, because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County. Life Ouyang Xiu lost his father when he was a child and studied under the care of his widowed mother. Injong Tiansheng eight years (1030) Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other. In the first year of Jing You (1034), he called the Bachelor's College and was appointed as Xuandelang, who worked as a collator in the pavilion. You Jing for three years, Fan Zhongyan criticized the current politics in the last chapter and was demoted to Raozhou. Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei). In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the proofreader of Guange, which was later called the suggestion court. In the third year of Li Qing (1043), Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others promoted Li Qing's New Deal, and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation, and put forward the idea of reforming official administration, military affairs and tribute law. In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu was also demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou. Later, Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) were also known. In August, the first year of He Zhi (1054), he entered Beijing with a letter, and he was a fellow of Song Qi's New Tang Book. In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as an academician, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and others. This has a great influence on the change of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu paid homage to Shu Mi. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. For two years (1065), the above post request is not allowed. In the following two or three years, he resigned many times because of being slandered by Jiang and others, but he was not allowed. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang xiu opposed the young crops law and did not implement it. In the past three years, I insisted on not accepting the post of ambassador to the South Campus of Pacific Insurance Company. Cai Zhou (now runan county). This year, he changed his name to 6 1 layman. In June of four years, he resigned as the Prince of Shao Shi. Juyingzhou. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. His literary achievements are the highest and most influential in his prose. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement and put forward Ming Dow's prose theory. What he preached was not ethics, but concern for Pepsi. He adopted the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, strongly advocated simple, neat, smooth and natural writing, and opposed flashy carving and eccentricity. He not only set out from reality, but also set an example with his outstanding creative achievements. Ouyang Xiu wrote more than 500 essays in his life, each with its own characteristics, including political essays, historical essays, notes, lyric essays and notes. Most of his essays are rich in content and magnificent, with a simple, natural, fluent and witty artistic style. The narrative is euphemistic and concise; The discussion is thoughtful, but full of internal logical power. Composite structures can be tortuous and very compact. The theory of cronies, the history of the New Five Dynasties, the biography of Lingguan, the admonition with Gauss, the preface to the drunken pavilion, the record of Fengle Pavilion, and the thousand watches of Longgang are all masterpieces that have been told through the ages. Ouyang Xiu was also a pioneer in the creation of notes in Song Dynasty. His notes include Return to the Field, Pen and Pen. Ouyang Xiu's Fu is also very distinctive. Ode to Autumn Sound uses various metaphors to describe the invisible autumn sound very vividly, making people seem to be audible. This paper changes the "metrical style" from the Tang Dynasty to "prose style", which is of pioneering significance to the development of Fu. Ouyang Xiu's poetry is not as successful as prose, but it is also very distinctive. Some of his poems reflect the sufferings of the people and expose the darkness of society; He also discusses current affairs in his poems and attacks corrupt politics. But what he wrote more and more successfully was poems expressing his personal feelings and scenery. His poems are mainly influenced by Han Yu in art. Generally speaking, his poetic styles are diverse. Ouyang Xiu is also good at poetry. In Preface to Mei Poetry, he put forward the argument that "poor works are the last", which developed the poetic theories of Du Fu and Bai Juyi and had a great influence on the poetic creation of that time and later generations. His Poems on June 1st is the first poem in the history of China literature. It comments on poetry in a casual and intimate way and becomes a new form of poetry conversation. Ouyang Xiu, the memorial hall of Ouyang Xiu in Jiangxi Yongfeng Sunset Palace, is also good at lyrics. The main content of his ci is still acacia, drinking drunken songs, cherishing spring and enjoying flowers. He is good at writing scenery and expressing his feelings with fresh and sparse brushstrokes. "Worry is getting farther and farther, and the distance is like spring water", "Spring mountains are everywhere, and pedestrians are even outside", which expresses feelings deeply through spring water and spring mountains. There are also some colorful words, although they are written about dating between men and women, but they are also simple and vivid; Of course, there are also some shallow and vulgar works. Ouyang Xiu has made great achievements in Confucian classics, history and epigraphy. In the study of Confucian classics, he studied The Book of Songs, The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Annals, and was able to put forward his own unique views regardless of what his predecessors said. Historical attainments are deeper than Confucian classics. He not only participated in the compilation of the 250-volume Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties, summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to serve as a warning. He was diligent in collecting and sorting out stone products and inscriptions from the Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and edited them into a special archaeological data set-Jigulu. Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He vigorously advocated the poetry innovation movement, reformed the formalism style of writing and poetry from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, and achieved remarkable results. Because of his political status and great achievements in prose creation, his position in the Song Dynasty was similar to that of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. He recommended and guided Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other essayists, which had a great influence on their prose creation. Among them, Su Shi's inheritance and development of the generation of writing style he created is the most brilliant. His plain style of writing has always influenced the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ouyang Xiu's works and editions are now the complete works of Ouyang Wenzhong. His life story was written by Hook, a poet in the Song Dynasty, and attached to the Complete Works.