Experience of Promoting the Orderly Development of Small Coal Mines in Hebei Province

In recent years, Hebei Province has persistently carried out the rectification of mineral resources development order, accumulated many good practices and experiences throughout the province, and timely summarized and publicized these experiences, which guided and promoted the orderly development of small mines in the province.

6.4.2. 1 Synchronization of rectification and standardization —— Development and management mode of mineral resources in Handan City

(1) Adhere to the combination of "effective prevention and severe crackdown" and implement a licensing system for small mines.

Handan mining industry has a long history, a variety of minerals, and it is difficult to manage. Especially in recent years, some people are driven by huge profits to take risks, which leads to the rebound of unlicensed mining. Facing the grim situation, Handan City put banning and cracking down on unlicensed mining on the important agenda, and adopted a high-pressure situation to crack down on banning, which made the development and utilization of small mines embark on the road of legalization. Its specific practices mainly include the following aspects:

First, strengthen the leadership responsibility of small mine license, so that the responsible persons at all levels can fundamentally understand the importance of the safe and orderly development of small mines. In order to further improve and implement the management order of mineral resources and the responsibility network for safe production, the municipal government signed letters of responsibility with relevant departments of mine-related counties (cities, districts) and municipalities directly under the central government, county governments and relevant departments of municipalities directly under the central government, and township governments at different levels to clarify the supervision responsibilities of various departments. So as to achieve the goal of grasping the first level and implementing it layer by layer, and strictly investigate the responsibility, and severely investigate and deal with those responsible for the disorder of mining industry and mine safety accidents.

Second, joint supervision departments to promote the legal and orderly development of small mines. Under the unified leadership of the municipal government, the departments of land and resources, development and reform commission, coal supervision, safety supervision, public security, electric power and labor have established a coordinated linkage mechanism. In the process of rectification, all departments worked together, vigorously advocated licensed mining, implemented * * * control over unlicensed mining, cut off the source of illegal mining from the aspects of electricity, initiating explosive devices, mineral products circulation, labor and employment, and truly formed government-led and departmental coordination. In addition, the land and resources departments of counties (cities, districts) have divided the patrol responsibility areas according to the administrative divisions and the distribution of mining areas, defined the patrol responsibility personnel and patrol supervisors, and strictly adhered to the system of "weekly inspection, ten-day inspection and monthly dispatch" to ensure timely discovery, timely reporting and timely treatment, so as to nip in the bud.

The third is to establish a mass reporting system, build a group prevention and treatment system, and form a good situation in which mass supervision promotes the orderly development of small mines. In the Handan Daily and the website of the municipal government, the telephone number was publicly reported, giving full play to the role of mass supervision, and the cases reported by the masses were implemented one by one, and each piece was echoed.

The fourth is to divide key areas to rectify mining areas and strengthen the management of the legitimate development of small mines. According to the present situation of mining order in Handan, three key areas are determined: the border area between adjacent counties, the large state-owned mines and surrounding areas, and the shallow-buried areas that are easy to rebound. Focus on cracking down on unlicensed mines in key areas and implement special rectification. Set up a joint law enforcement team in state-owned key large mines to form a joint investigation and attack and defense mechanism. For example, Xishimen Mine has set up a mine protection team composed of more than 80 people to conduct round-the-clock inspections. If illegal exploitation without a license is found, it will be promptly notified to the land and resources department for joint investigation.

Fifth, increase the filling of abandoned mines, eliminate hidden dangers and let small mines develop in a safe environment. In view of the phenomenon that some people steal mining by using abandoned shafts, the departments of land and resources of counties (cities) carry out dragnet investigation on abandoned mines and closed mines within their jurisdiction, and refill unfilled or improperly filled mines. More than * * * abandoned shafts 1 100 were filled in the city, which put an end to opportunistic mining and reduced the potential safety hazard.

The sixth is to ban unlicensed small mines and strengthen the mining license system for small mines. For illegal mining activities without a license, if one is found, one will be banned, and strict measures of "three no leave, one fill" will be implemented, that is, "no room, no equipment, no personnel and no wellhead filling".

In cracking down on unlicensed mining activities, counties (cities, districts) have created their own unique remediation methods in light of local conditions. For example, Wu 'an City adopts the method of "managing unlicensed mines with licensed mines", stipulating that licensed mines are responsible for discovering and stopping unlicensed mining within their scope. If there are unlicensed mines within the scope and they have not been discovered, they will be regarded as unauthorized exploitation of resources within the scope, and the licensed mines will be punished according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Management of Mineral Resources in Handan City. Cixian studied and formulated the Implementation Opinions on Harnessing Unlicensed Mines (Mountains) in Cixian County, and created a "four-in-one" monitoring system, that is, village cadres, village party secretaries, staff of the National Land Institute and staff of coal companies * * * supervised the illegal mining of closed mines, and implemented a management system in which four people in one mine supervised and shared the problems. In view of the fact that illegal mining around licensed mines is difficult to eradicate, Shexian county boldly innovated, established a mechanism for the security company of the Public Security Bureau to intervene in rectification, signed an agreement with the security company, paid security fees for licensed mines, set up protected areas, and put an end to illegal activities. According to statistics, in 2005, the city banned more than 200 unlicensed rebound mines 1000, demolished more than 200 buildings1000, confiscated more than 200 sets of mining equipment, and injected more than 40 wells with cement, effectively combating the arrogance of unlicensed rebound. In the first half of 2006, the city banned more than 300 unlicensed rebound mines, which was significantly lower than last year. "Stop the wind and control the chaos" has achieved good results, and the mining order has obviously improved.

(2) Adhere to the combination of "prevention in advance and investigation afterwards" to maintain the order of mining management.

With the deepening of mining rectification, while cracking down on the rebound of unlicensed mines, it has become an important content of current mining administration to severely investigate and deal with cross-layer and cross-border illegal mining according to law and maintain the normal order of mineral resources management. Cross-layer and cross-border illegal mining is hidden, difficult to find and complicated, which is more difficult to supervise than banning unlicensed mines. At present, due to the relatively backward technical means and law enforcement means, there are still difficulties in discovery, evidence collection and law enforcement. There are great security risks across the border, which often bring extremely serious consequences. Most of the safety accidents in Handan in recent years are also related to crossing the border. Therefore, how to eradicate cross-border and solve the problem of difficult detection and investigation from the source has become a serious practical problem. On the basis of full investigation, the land and resources management department of Handan City has created a "seven-in-one" management model, that is, a set of methods, that is, to formulate effective dynamic detection methods for reserves; A team is to establish a team to dynamically verify and test reserves; A, draw the monthly reserves calculation diagram (mining engineering plan); One card is to establish a mine mining publicity and supervision card; A wall is to block the wall that crosses the border; The first guarantee is to require all small mines within the jurisdiction to write a letter of guarantee to the local county-level land and resources department to ensure that there will be no cross-border mining; One announcement is to publicize and publish the list of small mines mined across the border in Handan Daily every quarter. Practice has proved that this measure is effective in curbing and investigating cross-layer and cross-border mining, and the effect is indeed obvious.

(3) Adhere to the combination of "mining rectification and safety rectification" to reduce safety accidents in small coal mines.

While severely cracking down on unlicensed illegal mining and cross-layer cross-border mining, Handan has stepped up efforts to close small coal mines that are illegal and do not have safe production conditions. This has reduced the occurrence of a large number of safety accidents, and also played a warning role for existing small coal mines and other small mines, requiring small mines to put forward enterprise interests while not ignoring production safety. In August, 2004, the municipal government formulated the "Implementation Plan for Closing Illegal and Unsafe Small Coal Mines in Handan City", which proposed to close two-thirds of the small coal mines in the city in three years, with a total closure of about 165. In the shut-in work, it is clearly required that "the quantity can only be more than less, the quality can only be high but not low, and the time can only be ahead of time and not behind". In order to ensure the completion of the shut-in task, the municipal government decomposes the shut-in task into relevant counties (cities, districts) and adopts the method of issuing shut-in indicators quarterly. Those who fail to complete the shut-in task will be informed criticism, and the shut-in work will be included in the municipal government's assessment of the overall work of the relevant counties (cities, districts), and a one-vote veto will be implemented. Through the joint efforts of relevant departments, the closure of small coal mines in Handan City has achieved remarkable results. Since the well was closed in August 2004, the city has closed down 175 small coal mines, including 5 100 in 2004, 0/00 in 2005 and 24 in the first half of 2006. At the beginning of 2006, the municipal government decided to adjust the shut-in task from 2/3 to 3/4, that is, the number of small coal mines closed by 165 increased to more than 220, and the number of small coal mines closed in 2006 increased to 77. By the end of 2006, there will be no more than 80 small coal mines in the city.

(4) Adhere to the combination of "dispersion control and radical cure" and actively promote the integration of mineral resources.

In view of the problems of many mining sites, wide area, small scale and unreasonable layout in Handan City, according to the requirements of the State Council Guofa [2005] No.28 document, while vigorously carrying out the "chaos control", we will fully promote the "dispersion control" work.

The first is to determine the guiding ideology of resource integration. In the integration of township mine resources and the layout of individual mining, we should set this center around mining rights and handle the relationship between "big and small, high and low, sparse and dense, and more and less". Size means maintaining the dominant position of large mines, solving the problem of overlapping mining areas of small mines within the scope of large mines, encouraging the merger of large mines and small mines, and jointly running small mines to realize large-scale mining and intensive use of resources. The level refers to setting the access conditions and standards for mining enterprises, limiting the scale of mine production, making the resource occupation and production capacity of mining enterprises reasonably match the service life of mines, and further improving the level of production equipment, safe production and scientific management of mines. Dense density refers to solving the problem of over-dense layout of mine points. In principle, an ore body has only one mining right, avoiding many mines and small mines. Through the integration of small mines and multi-point mining of the same ore body, the loss of resources such as pillars and boundary pillars is reduced, the recovery rate of resources is improved, and disputes between mines are effectively avoided. More or less means that the number of mines is obviously reduced after resource integration, and the security risks caused by unreasonable layout are obviously reduced. Through scientific setting of mining rights and reasonable determination of mining areas, production scale and mining methods, although the number of mines has been greatly reduced, the production scale has been stabilized through technical transformation and equipment upgrading, achieving the purpose of reducing mines and increasing efficiency.

The second is to clarify the goal of resource integration. Through resource integration, by the end of 2006, the number of small coal mines in the city has been reduced from 285 to less than 80, and the number of small iron mines has been reduced from 328 to 180. The mine layout tends to be reasonable, and the scale and intensive level of mineral resources development and utilization have obviously improved. Reducing ore production without reducing production can not only ensure the sustainable development of local economy, but also establish a standardized order of mineral resources development.

The third is the overall promotion of resource integration. According to the unified arrangement of the municipal government, the Land and Resources Bureau of Handan City, after in-depth investigation, formulated the Implementation Opinions on the Adjustment of Mine Layout by Integrating Coal Resources in Handan City, defined the objectives, scope, principles, time and specific measures for the adjustment and integration of coal resources, and initially formulated the integration plan for small coal mines. The integration scheme of small iron mines in Wu 'an and Shexian County has been completed, among which the integration scheme of small iron mines in Wu 'an City has passed the expert review organized by Handan City, and was reported to the provincial offices for approval in the name of the municipal government, and the integration scheme of small iron mines in Shexian County is being improved.

The fourth is to focus on coal integration and implement key breakthroughs. Handan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government raised the integration of coal resources to the important height of sustainable, scientific and safe development of coal resources, sized up the situation, grasped the strong desire of large state-owned mines to become bigger and stronger, and the favorable opportunity that the national industrial policy and orientation were not conducive to the production and operation of small coal mines, and vigorously promoted the joint reorganization of large state-owned mines and small coal mines. For example, Cixian County, Fengfeng Mining Area Government and Fengfeng Group jointly rectified small coal mines within their jurisdiction. According to the agreement, Fengfeng Group will jointly reorganize with Fengfeng and Cixian small coal mines in various ways, such as buyout, holding, equity participation and trusteeship, in accordance with the principles of standardized operation, legal protection of investors' interests, mutual benefit and long-term cooperation, implementation of safety responsibilities and local payment of taxes and fees.

6.4.2.2 Government and Enterprise Join Hands —— Integrated Mining and Dressing Model of Xinglong Iron Mine

Xinglong county is rich in iron ore resources. In recent years, small iron concentrator has blossomed everywhere, reaching 178 at most. These small iron concentrator are backward in technology, polluting and destroying the environment, and competing for resources, which directly leads to the disorder of mining order. In order to effectively solve the problem of disorderly construction, stacking and discharging of small iron ore concentrator, from June, 2006 165438+ 10, Xinglong county regards the management of small iron ore concentrator as an important content to rectify and standardize the order of mineral resources development, and proposes that all small iron ore concentrator with an annual output of 1 ~ 3 tons of iron concentrate must be closed, located in riverbeds and highways. The newly-built and reserved concentrator should reach the annual production capacity of iron concentrate of more than 50,000 tons, and should have standard tailings pond, standard workshop and equipment. After rectification, the county * * * closed more than 90 small iron ore concentrator. For the concentrator that needs to be relocated, land, environmental protection, forestry and other relevant departments. * * * The same site will be selected, and all tailings ponds will be selected between two mountains and one ditch, and relevant professional units will be entrusted to carry out geological disaster risk assessment. At the same time, mineral processing enterprises are required to gradually use tailings ponds and gradually carry out greening and reclamation. In order to effectively solve the problem of resource competition caused by the separation of mining and dressing, Xinglong County organized a pairing activity between mining enterprises and mineral processing enterprises, realizing the integration of mining and dressing.

After more than half a year's rectification, many small iron concentrator in Xinglong County, Hebei Province have been completely banned, and the mineral processing enterprises retained in the county have embarked on the track of large-scale production and standardized management, which has stabilized the order of mineral development.

Synchronization of New Prohibition and Restoration in 6.4.2.3 —— Mine Environment Restoration and Governance Model

In order to strictly limit the emergence of new mine environmental problems, various measures are taken to restore and treat abandoned mines and accelerate the pace of mine environmental restoration and treatment. Handan City took the lead in implementing the comprehensive management project of "thousands of mines and ten thousand mu". At present, more than 200 million yuan has been invested to restore the surface and vegetation damaged by more than 0/000 small mines, and 20,000 mu of land has been reclaimed, including more than 8,000 mu of cultivated land, more than 8,000 mu of forest land, and more than 4,000 mu of breeding land has been restored. At the same time, a comprehensive management plan has been formulated, and 52 key controlled mining areas in the city have been identified, involving 56,000 mu of land reclamation. It is planned to use another two years to thoroughly control the natural ecological environment of the closed mines in the city. Practice has proved that the comprehensive management project of "thousands of mines and ten thousand mu" not only makes ten thousand mu of barren land full of vitality, but also realizes the development and protection of resources and the harmonious development between man and nature, and also provides an effective attempt to solve the balance between occupation and compensation of construction land. At present, it has been promoted in the whole province. Specific practices are as follows:

First of all, seven standards for building "green mines" were formulated. In other words, only by meeting these seven standards can it be regarded as a "green mine". The seven criteria are: First, the development and utilization of mineral resources conform to national laws and regulations, industrial policies, mineral resources planning and geological environment protection planning. Mining is not located in ecological functional areas, nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, geological parks and their nearby areas, and mining will not destroy the landforms and landscapes on both sides of major traffic trunk lines and tourist highways. Second, mine construction projects must carry out environmental impact assessment and mine geological environment (geological disasters) assessment. Formulate plans for mine development and utilization and geological environment protection, and pay the deposit for mine geological environment restoration and management. Third, the development and utilization of mineral resources must adopt advanced production technology and choose the construction period, region and mode conducive to ecological protection; Mining wastewater must be comprehensively utilized; Open-pit mining operations shall be carried out from top to bottom and in horizontal steps in accordance with relevant technical specifications. Fourth, the waste soil, waste rock, waste residue and tailings produced by mines should meet the design requirements; The discharge of waste water, dust, toxic and harmful gases and noise pollution all meet the requirements of relevant national and provincial standards. Fifth, the closed pit mine must implement ecological environment restoration and land reclamation, which meets the requirements of mine geological environment protection planning, does not cause new harm to local agriculture and nearby residents, and ensures that disputes are properly resolved. For mine goaf subsidence areas and abandoned wells, backfill treatment, land reclamation or other utilization should be carried out according to the principle of local conditions; The control rate of mine waste rock piles and tailings ponds and geological disasters should reach 100% and meet the requirements of relevant specifications; 70% of the land occupied by the closed pit mining area is reclaimed as cultivated land or forest land, and the effect of vegetation restoration must be obvious, and the area of abandoned land should be less than 30% of the total area of the mining area. Sixth, the mine adopts the measures of recovery while mining, and the annual capital investment for mine environmental control should reach more than 5% of mine sales revenue. Seventh, the environmental protection management system of mining enterprises is sound, the mining area is clean and tidy, and the green coverage rate is not less than 50%. Hebei Province clearly put forward that all new mines should be approved for construction according to seven standards, and strive to make 50% of the built mines, closed pits or mining areas near closed pits in the province reach the construction standards of "green mines" in three to five years; By 20 10, all mines or mining areas in the province have reached the construction standard of "green mines".

Second, the implementation plan of the comprehensive management project of "thousands of mines and ten thousand mu" was formulated, and all parties actively guided their participation. Adhere to the combination of mine natural ecological environment protection and mineral resources protection, and increase the recovery and improvement of geological environment of abandoned mines. Adhere to the principle of "whoever manages benefits", in line with the comprehensive management of agriculture, farming and animal husbandry, and take waste ore, slag cleaning, land leveling and land reclamation as the management standards, which will be organized and implemented by land and resources departments or local towns and villages in stages. The cost of governance projects is mainly raised by the benefit units of governance, and the incentive mechanism of reclamation funds is implemented to effectively motivate and mobilize the enthusiasm of multi-party investment governance including local governments, villages and towns, farmers' collectives and individuals. In order to provide strong policy support for the construction of "green mines", Hebei Province began to implement the geological environmental impact assessment system for new mines in 2002. In June 5438+February, 2006, the Interim Measures for the Management of Deposit for Mine Ecological Environment Restoration in Hebei Province was officially promulgated, and from then on, the phenomenon of "enterprises mining and the government paying the bill" was bid farewell to.

Third, various channels and forms of investment. The comprehensive management of mine environment is a big problem. In accordance with the principle of "whoever governs benefits", Handan City has established a multi-channel investment mechanism with self-raised funds from governance beneficiaries as the main part and other inputs as the supplement. (1) the municipal bureau of land and resources subsidy investment table. Since 1997, Handan municipal government has implemented the system of resource reserve occupying fund. It is stipulated that nonmetallic mines, coal mines and iron mines should pay 0. 1 yuan per ton, and 0.3 yuan and 0.5 yuan should be used as special funds for surface remediation, so far more than 20 million yuan has been collected. In accordance with the principle of "taking it from the mine and using it for treatment", with the consent of the municipal government, Handan Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources will use the funds collected from the resource reserve as the start-up funds for the "10,000 mu mine" project. It is stipulated that every reclaimed 1 mu of land can be subsidized 1000 yuan. In order to give full play to the role of "four or two" and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in the "thousand mines and ten thousand mu" project. ② In the form of village collective investment. Over the years, mining development has enabled many mining villages in Handan to collectively accumulate certain funds. These villages with good economic conditions, in the process of comprehensive management, give priority to with village collective investment, farmers give free labor. For example, in Xishimen Village, in recent years, the village collectively invested more than 60 million yuan in governance funds. (3) In the form of personal investment. In Hequan village, Fengfeng mining area, there is a Jiusan ecological park, which was built by using mine wasteland. The ecological park covers an area of 1.8 mu and consists of economic forest, timber forest and large pig farm. This mine ecological restoration project with a total investment of more than 20 million yuan was completed by three local farmers in partnership. (4) Government investment is the main form. There used to be 6 small coal mines in Donggang area of Xinpo Town, Fengfeng Mining Area, and there were 70 ~ 80 small porcelain clay mines and small clay mines. These small mines were in ruins after they were closed according to law at the end of the 20th century. In recent years, the Fengfeng mining area government directly invested more than 50 million yuan to restore and manage, and a beautiful Phoenix Mountain Park has been built here. ⑤ Direct investment form of county-level land and resources departments. For some mining villages with poor collective economic strength, the county-level land and resources departments directly invest in restoration and management, and then give the cultivated land to local farmers for cultivation without compensation. For example, in 2006, Handan County Land and Resources Bureau raised more than 2 million yuan to restore and treat 500 mu of mine wasteland in Donggaohe Village. At present, these cultivated lands have been planted by local farmers.

Fourthly, it is suitable for mine and multi-style management. There are five main forms: ① the management mode of "planting trees to seal slag and reclaiming land with tailings" in Xishimen iron mine area. The mining area has invested101450,000 yuan, reclaimed tailings 1050 mu, planted 502,000 trees and afforested 3,800 mu of barren hills. Build a dam and change the river to 4400 meters. Now it has shown a fertile land, rolling wheat waves and full of vitality. ② Treatment model of subsidence area in Wangxiao mining area. By burying gangue and waste residue, taking soil to cover the abandoned land in the collapsed mining area, developing new land, and sorting out the original abandoned land at the same time, forming the mode of "baking two cakes at one side", the whole project sorted out 2000 mu of high-quality cultivated land. ③ The mode of "forest is suitable for forest" in Chewangkou mining area. There are more than 70 small coal mines in the mining area. After the closure of these small coal mines, the whole mining area is full of abandoned shafts and slag accumulation everywhere. By filling the shaft, clearing the slag and planting more than 2000 mu of trees, the ecological environment has been improved. ④ The management mode of "underground to above ground" in Fengfeng mining area. There used to be 400 small coal mines in this area, but after the oil wells were closed, the number was reduced to more than 70. Actively encourage and guide the transfer of private capital to non-mining enterprises, and use abandoned land and mine wasteland to build a number of coking plants, pig factories, ironmaking plants and other enterprises and orchards and woodlands, turning the underground cornucopia into a cash cow on the ground. At present, 4600 mu of abandoned land resources in 329 closed small coal mines in 7 towns and villages in the whole region have been effectively utilized, and 200 new enterprises of various types have been built, with an annual output value of 600 million yuan, which has become a new local economic growth point. ⑤ Management mode of sand mining area in Shexian County. Chian village in Shexian county was the command center of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan revolutionary base during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. In order to control the environmental damage caused by mining, it has raised more than 9 million yuan to build dams, repair ditches, fill ditches and prepare soil, and develop and arrange nearly 1,000 mu of cultivated land, which has turned the former chaotic beach into today's rice river.