Ask for a research study about environmental protection.

Recovery and utilization of waste batteries

Abstract: The pollution of waste batteries to the environment is very serious, and now it has become a concern of the whole world. In combination with these realities, we actively organized and participated in the recycling publicity activities of waste batteries by using various research methods, and designed a set of recycling schemes suitable for our school by using the recycled waste batteries, which increased the number of drugs for our school. Improve everyone's awareness of environmental protection.

selection of topics

when choosing research topics, we are very interested in the topic "recycling and utilization of waste batteries". As we all know, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the use of batteries has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, the battery can be said to be how much it is produced and how much it will eventually be discarded; Centralized production and decentralized pollution; Short-term use and long-term pollution. Nowadays, the harm of waste batteries has become an environmental problem that people all over the world pay close attention to. Countries all over the world are studying the best scheme to deal with waste batteries. Although fruitful results have been achieved, this problem cannot be fundamentally solved. Therefore, finding the best solution to deal with waste batteries has become the research direction of many scientists in various countries.

We students are also a group that uses batteries. As a cross-century generation, we should improve our awareness of environmental protection and recycle batteries from me. Therefore, five students in our senior one chose this topic as their own research topic.

research process and results

1. topic selection

at first, in our daily life, several of us found that there were waste battery recycling bins in some shopping malls. Why should batteries be recycled after use? We are very curious about this. Therefore, we chose this topic as a research topic after the school opened the research study course at the end of November last year.

second, the topic

at first, the topic we decided was why waste batteries should be recycled. To this end, we have extensively collected relevant issues. In the first group meeting, after heated discussion and listening to the teacher's opinions, we thought that we should not only focus on recycling, but also expand the topic to another more concerned issue-energy, so we finally decided that the topic was "Recycling and Utilization of Waste Batteries".

Third, opening the topic

In the second concentration, we analyzed the current situation of the topic, made clear the purpose and significance of the topic, the academic purpose of the topic research, the main content of the topic research, the research characteristics and innovations, and divided the work among groups and designed the activity steps. Based on these, we filled out the opening report.

IV. The implementation of our research is divided into five stages:

The first stage: from January 17th to February 14th this year, we searched for relevant materials by surfing the Internet and going to the library. After looking up a lot of data, we know that (1) waste batteries are potential killers of human health

The batteries that people use every day rely on chemical action, which is popularly called corrosion to generate electricity. Among them, harmful substances such as heavy metals such as chromium, mercury and cadmium are extremely harmful to human body. A section of button cell can pollute 6, liters of water, while a section of No.1 battery rotted in the ground can make one square meter of land lose its use value. Therefore, the recycling of waste batteries is imperative.

(2) There are treasures in waste batteries

Waste batteries are not only harmful to human beings, but also contain many resources. For example, button cell contains rare metals such as lithium, manganese and silver; Lead storage battery contains lead; Cell phone batteries contain cadmium, which is of high recycling value. At present, some factories have begun to carry out recycling and extraction in this area. In addition, ordinary dry batteries also contain resources such as zinc, copper and manganese powder.

with the deepening of the subject, we are interested in the actual recycling and treatment of waste batteries. So

Stage 2: In mid-February, we visited Dongtai Company in Dalian Development Zone, a waste battery recycling factory. And interviewed their chief engineer Liu.

through interviews, we know that the international community attaches great importance to the disposal of waste batteries. There are roughly three disposal methods for waste batteries in the world: solidification and deep burial, storage in waste mines and recycling.

Many countries in western Europe first screen out button cell from the collected waste batteries with special sieves, and extract the mercury contained in it for utilization. The rest of all kinds of waste batteries are generally transported to special toxic and harmful waste landfills. This practice not only costs too much, but also wastes useful substances.

A "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburb of magdeburg, Germany, where all kinds of batteries except lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid. The raw materials obtained in this way are relatively pure, and 95% of the substances contained in the batteries can be extracted.

The harm of waste batteries in China has been highly valued by the state, and has been included in the key projects of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and relevant policies will be issued this year. At present, there is no unified method to treat waste batteries in China. However, it is reported that China will adopt wet method to treat waste batteries.

Through this field visit, we not only have a deeper understanding of the hazards of waste batteries and the resources contained in them, but also enhance our sense of social responsibility to protect the environment. So we entered the third stage.

Stage 3: At the end of February this year, with the help of teachers such as the Youth League Committee and the Student Union of our school, we organized a publicity campaign about recycling waste batteries inside and outside the school. After the publicity activities, the students are not limited to these. Everyone hopes to design a recycling scheme according to the actual situation of our school. So we entered the fourth stage.

Stage 4: At the beginning of March, according to the actual situation of the school, we designed a set of recycling experiments of waste batteries by using the school laboratory. The recycling scheme is as follows:

[Experimental drug] A number of No.1 dry batteries; 3% hydrogen peroxide solution; Synthetic detergent; Silver nitrate aqueous solution; Sodium hydroxide solution

[experimental instrument] Hammer, scissors, beaker, iron stand with iron ring, funnel, filter paper, glass rod, evaporating dish, crucible, alcohol lamp and test tube

[experimental steps ]

1. Recovery of manganese dioxide

Carefully break the waste battery, take out the black content and wash it with clear water for many times. When heating, the temperature should not be too high to prevent deterioration:

4mn22mn2o3+O2 ↑

2. Extracting ammonium chloride

Dissolve the black substance of battery mechanism in water, filter it, and evaporate part of the filtrate in an evaporating dish to obtain a white solid. When heating, collect pure ammonium chloride by "sublimation".

3. Preparation of zinc particles

Cut the zinc sheet on the zinc tube into pieces, put it in a crucible for strong heat (the melting point of zinc is 419℃), and carefully pour the zinc liquid into cold water after melting to obtain zinc particles.

4. Verify manganese dioxide

Add 3ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and 3-4 drops of synthetic detergent solution to the two test tubes respectively. A small amount of prepared black solid is added into one of the test tubes, and if the reaction speed is rapidly accelerated relative to the other test tube, the black solid is manganese dioxide.

5. Verify ammonium chloride

Drop 3ml of concentrated solution made of white solid into two test tubes respectively, and drop sodium hydroxide solution into the first test tube. If there is irritating odor gas escaping, it means that the concentrated solution contains ammonium ions. Drop acidified silver nitrate solution into the second test tube. If white precipitate is generated, it means that the solution contains chloride ions. It is proved that the white solid is ammonium chloride.

stage 5: at the beginning of April this year, our group began to finish the topic, summarize the information and write the paper. At the end of April, our group passed the selection and was recommended to participate in the school-wide report and display of research learning results.

After the report of research learning in school, we wanted to further expand the publicity scope of waste battery recycling, so we chose the newly opened Wal-Mart supermarket near the school. There, we publicize the truth that used batteries should be recycled by sending leaflets and posting slogans.