This paper tries to analyze his poetic thoughts of "beautiful and natural, bitter and traceless" and "romantic and wordless" by combining specific poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry.

In the late Tang Dynasty, Si Kongtu put forward the poetic proposition that "no words are romantic". This proposition, which was deeply influenced by Zen and China's philosophy, originated from Jiao Ran's poetic style of emphasizing meaning in the middle Tang Dynasty: "See temperament, but not words".

As a poetic proposition, Jiao Ran put forward the concept of "use without body". "Poetry": "The husband is in a different environment, which is really difficult to understand, obviously not desirable, and the scenery is also; Can smell but not see, the wind is also; Although it depends on my appearance, it is wonderful without body or heart; Meaning runs through many images, but there is no fixed quality and color. " This paper puts forward the aesthetic standard of poetic realm. Poetry should not only describe the scenery that is "visible but not desirable" as it is now, but also describe the sound of "audible but invisible wind" as it is in the ear, and it can also be used skillfully according to my shape, so as to achieve the situation that ingenuity is like nature. "I know this is not the case, so I made wise use of your experience." The body of truth is realized by the heart, not by the ears. "Worry and joy occupy the moon, and the moon is unintentional." (Shan Hai Jing) Poetry and function correspond. "Poetry works, and emptiness is just silence." ("Answering Shu Winter Book") "Poetry is in love, and law is empty." ("Yang Li Ren Shang Fang on Nirvana Jing Yi") It can be seen that function refers to things, and poetry is poetry; The noumenon of poetic emotion depends on the poetic context to express it. The magical use of immateriality means that poetry should be highly integrated and compatible with the depicted object, and the traces to be expressed should not be directly revealed. Function is the expression of poetry, so it is the key to poetry creation. On the function of poetic style. In fact, the relationship between aspect and use has different meanings in different contexts. Sometimes it refers to the artistic conception of poetic images. "Its role also means that there will be risks and it is difficult to make sentences. Although it is up to me, it is given by God. " (Preface to Poetry) is related to the association and conception of poetry. Poetry is related to the choice of poetic situation, the emphasis of theme and the method of expression. "The role of a poet is full of momentum and significance." (Spring grass grows in the pool and the bright moon shines on the snow) Body sometimes refers to poetry, while function refers to temperament. "The author measures meaning, although have temperament, might as well. For example, there is a heaven, earth, sun and moon in the ladle, and the line is thrown from time to time, which seems to be broken. This is the fairy in the poem. Taboo, out of reach. " ("Ming Function") Body sometimes refers to meteorology, body posture and will, and use refers to temperament, confrontation and use. "The sky is dense, deeper than the body; Intention is more profound than function; Usage is not prolonged, from deep to sound; The improper use of things is deeper than righteousness.

The style of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was deeply influenced by Jiao Ran's theory of body and function, and paid more attention to function. Jia Dao's Nan Mi Er lists "image is the role of a poet". "In nature, one thing and one image are observed and used, which is better than the monarch and subjects; The change of monarch and minister, heaven and earth are on the same plane, should not be used? " "On General Examples": "Heaven, earth, sun and moon, husband and wife, not as good as monarch and minister. Light and shade are judged by the body. " On the Rise and Fall of Knife: "Show it with an image." Zhang's Zen and Poetics: "Poets write in a form, but it is useful to set off and render the meaning, situation, spirit and atmosphere of something." The change of monarch and minister is the body, while the object and image used to compare feelings are used; Compared with the monarch and the minister, it is the world, the sun and the moon, used by couples. "The corresponding relationship between the body and the use here is: the monarch is the body and the minister is the use; Heaven is the body and the earth is the use; The day is the body and the month is the use; The husband is the body and the woman is the use. " The unity of monarch and minister, the unity of heaven and earth "means that the relationship between body and use is self-interested, harmonious and compatible, assimilated with body and use, wonderful and intangible." Zhang believes that "the body belongs to the inside, so it is dark; It is used outside the genus, so it is clear. "This is correct. But it's too simple and easy to be ambiguous. The body is the purpose and purpose of use, and it cannot be perceived concretely, so it is dark; Use is the expression and way of the body, and it is possible to smell and feel awareness, so it is clear. Zhang believes that the concept of Jiao Ran's merits put forward by Xu in the Ming Dynasty is inaccurate, and the power of action is the so-called perfection. " (On Poetic Style, Volume III) also thinks that the "artistic conception" of Guo Shaoyu's annotation is inaccurate. (Selected Literary Theories of China in Past Dynasties) also thinks that the explanation of Li Zhuangying's poetic collation is inappropriate. Function: Buddhism refers to the mental activities caused by intentional thinking. ""It means the creative thinking of literature. " In fact, Xu, Guo and Li's explanations are all correct, but their angles and starting points are different. Xu said "exhaustion" from the perspective of wonderful use without body, referring to the realm of harmony between body and use. Guo Conggong said "artistic conception". Starting from this feature, Li said that it is a kind of "literary creative thinking" produced by wonderful understanding. The object of Yan Xu's coquettish theme is the door cloud: "The object of poetry is the most important. If you don't use it, you can't climb a mountain and command a ship. Although timely, it is very useful. "This shows that the use of images is the most critical in the relationship between the form and function of poetry. The meaning of poetry style and use should not be too rigid. The relationship between style and use can cite many corresponding categories: emotion is style, and scenery is use; Artistic conception is the body, using objects and images; Charm is body, description is use; Temperament is body, language is use; Melody is the body, using a flat tone; Style is style, and works are used; The realm is the body and the technique is the use; God is the body and form is the use; Virtual is body, but real is use; Meaning is the body, words are used; Emotion, reason and interest are the body, and the scenery of things is used; Content is body, form is use; The topic is style, using words; The external meaning (meaning) is the body, and the internal meaning (surface meaning) is used immediately; The purpose is the body, the method is to use and so on. Because the body is used for expression, it is very important to use the body. Song people paid more attention to this role, and then put forward "speaking with words" (the poet Yu Xie quoted from Man Hua, Volume 10). Wang Jide put forward in the Ming Dynasty: "You don't have to curse the topic (style), but you can tell what it is (use) if you talk about it. Said the body was just for. What Buddhists call never leaving is just different. "It can be seen that it is very important to clarify the relationship between style and use when interpreting ancient poetry.

The poetic proposition of "without a word, it is romantic" is influenced not only by the ancient theory of implication and artistic conception, but also by Jiao Ran's theory of aesthetic perfection of intangible poetry.

The poetic style advocated by Shi Pin is implicit and natural. They are the main theoretical core of artistic conception theory and constitute an important poetic category in ancient poetic theory. The implication is that the word used here is intended to be used in another (aspect), and both the word (use) and the word (aspect) have meaning. Body contains words, hidden but not exposed; In the words of storage, it is thick but not thin. It refers to the profound feelings and interests contained in language images and literary texts. Nature refers to the expression of content (body), the combination of images, the arrangement of structure and the use of language, without traces of artificial carving. Self, freedom and freedom; However, naturally, originally. Zhuangzi and Zen have different attitudes towards life. Laozi and Zhuangzi are in harmony with the world, while Buddhism and Zen are in confrontation with the world. The ultimate pursuit is the natural state of harmony between the spiritual subject and the universe itself. Implication is the pursuit of aesthetic expression of China people; Pursuing nature is the aesthetic pursuit of China people. Although implicit nature originated from pre-Qin Confucian ethics and natural philosophy, it was deeply influenced by Zen in terms of refinement and profundity. The central topic of the theory of speech and meaning is speech and meaning, which are influenced by the expression of Zen Buddhism and are separated from each other and inseparable from the Tao. Nature is deeply influenced by China's unique pragmatism theory and his theory of aesthetic realm of wonderful use without body formed by the integration with Zen. Suggesting nature is to use two aspects of the problem of immaturity. It means no body, graceful taste and no trace; Nature pays attention to ingenious use, and the artistic methods used in language texts are naturally ingenious. The theory of artistic conception was conceived in the pre-Qin, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, put forward and formed in the middle Tang Dynasty, and has been deepening since modern times. Dai Shulun, Quan Deyu, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi all explored the artistic conception in the middle Tang Dynasty, and finally formed and established this most important poetic category. Wang Changling's "Poetry" first put forward "artistic conception: if you think about it in your heart, you will get its truth." Say implicit questions; Quan Deyu put forward the ideas of "meaning and environment" and "interests are far away", emphasizing the combination of body and function; Liu Yuxi pointed out that "the environment is born outside the image" and the pursuit method of seeking the body with it. Jiao Ran not only put forward the theory of taking the environment to create the environment, but also put forward the theory of aesthetic perfection of intangible artistic conception, which marked the formation of artistic conception theory. The pursuit is the natural and innocent beauty of taking context and making words and sentences, but the temperament expressed in poetry can be carefree and considerate. The aesthetic realm of wonderful use without body has great influence on Tu and later generations.

The philosophical basis of Shi Pin is the body utilitarianism of China's philosophy and Zen philosophy. Twenty-four poems, each with four words and twelve sentences, are generally divided into three parts: problem solving (style), description (application) and deepening (style). The expression of use is the detour of Zen Buddhism, and the aesthetic realm pursued is the wonderful use of the body. "Great use of external discharge (use), entity filling (body)." "Beyond the elephant (with), you get the ring (body). It is powerful (used) and endless (body). " ("Xionghun") "Su Shi is silent (use) and subtle (body)." "When you encounter bandits, you are thin (body). It has a similar shape and the handshake has been violated. " (Dilution) "The more you use it, the more real it is." ("Thin Man") "Strange people take truth (body) and hold hibiscus (use)." "It is empty in the spirit (body), but it is sealed (used)." ("Gao Gu") "Empty pools and flowing springs, ancient mirrors shine on immortals (use). The element is pure, and the moon is true. " ("Washing") "Drinking is like drinking, keeping fit." "Heaven and earth stand together (use) and deify the same body." (Jin Jian) "The true qi is full (body) and everything is surrounded (used)." ("the sky is unconstrained") "Who should be harmonious with nature (use)?" ("paranormal") "There is a real work, such as unknowable (body). If the image wants to live, it is naturally strange (used). " "Language (use) does not want to commit (body), and thinking (use) does not want to be stupid (body)." ("meticulous") "only the nature of the house, really take the body (body). Control self-sufficiency, rate (use). " "If it is adaptive, it is promising. Releasing it is a win. " ("Cherish the Wild") "The wonder of the ancient gods is too light to accept." (Qing Qi) "Tao is not self-sufficient (body), but opposite to it." ("Wandering Songs") "Suddenly meet a recluse (use), such as seeing the heart of the Tao (body)." "Love to (body), wonderful (use). Speaking of the sky, Ling Ran wants to hear it. " ("Reality") "Never stay in the spirit and return to the halal (body). If you want to find Shui Ying, write Yangchun (use). " "All roads are like avenues, and wonderful deeds follow the dust. Out of shape (with) like (body), a few people. " ("Shuo Wen") "If it is far away, it is not (body). If there are few Taoist contracts, it will eventually violate the customs. " ("Beyond") "If you can't do it, you can smell it (use it). The more you know, the more points you want. " ("Confucianism") "If you accept a water tank, such as spinning pills (use). How can the husband know that the prosthesis is stupid? " The aesthetic expression of Xuanfa in the poetry stage is the implicit expression of Zen alienation, separation and detour. The aesthetic realm of worship is the natural aesthetic realm of blending body and use, leaving no trace and using body skillfully.

"No words can be romantic" is a further development and interpretation of the aesthetic realm of "only seeing feelings but not words". There are two important aspects: emotional content (style) and language (application) emphasized by "seeing emotions but not words". Through artistic expression (skillful use), the use of the body and the text of the content, the content sentiment expressed can reach the natural realm of perfection and harmony, regardless of the body and use, and skillful use of the body. Jiao Ran thinks that this is a very high literary talent and romantic artistic realm: "The articles of my ancestors are all famous and have been praised in the world for thousands of years. Flying in the snow and dancing in the beam garden are wonderful, and the pond in spring is beautiful. The world accepts me, and the wind comes. "(Shu Zude presented Shen on the lake) Si Kongtu believes that the magical use of inanimate objects is not only manifested in these two aspects, but only when various physical and practical relationships reach the aesthetic position of the magical use of inanimate objects is romantic. Jiao Ran thinks that we should skillfully use the style of writing without body, and the expression of artistic conception should be subtle and natural. Si Kongtu believes that the wonderful use of the body can achieve the best sense of romance, "the image (use) outside the image (body), the scenery (use) outside the scene (body) and the taste (use) outside the taste (body)", emphasizing the richness and multi-level characteristics of artistic conception.

Implication and essence are the key to understanding poetry. Implication is an aesthetic expression that emphasizes the use of beauty instead of body. Nature is an aesthetic realm that emphasizes the use of beauty instead of body. "Moral": "A word that is inconsistent is romantic. If you don't worry, words won't affect you. This is a real massacre, ups and downs. If it is full of wine, it will return to autumn after it is spent. Dust in the sky, suddenly the sea. The depth is gathered and scattered, taking one in ten thousand. " "Without saying a word, it's all romantic." This is the highest aesthetic pursuit of Si Kongtu's poetic theory. "Nothing is a word" means that the objects described or expressed are not local direct expressions, but separated from each other, that is, the way of bypassing Zen; Is in the phase (use), there is no word, the color is empty, and all kinds of body-use relationships do not show the slightest trace of carving. "Random thoughts" quoted Dai Shulun's words: "The poet's sight, like the sunny sky in Lantian, is in front of him, and can't be placed in front of him." "The image outside the image, the scenery outside the scene" is highly praised by Yan Yu and Wang Shizhen: "The antelope hangs on the horn, there is no trace to be found, and it is thorough and delicate. Can't park together, such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water, and the image in the mirror. " (Poetry with a Classroom is quoted from Canglang Poetry Talk) Poetry has reached such a wonderful state, with ethereal tone, far-reaching meaning and endless charm. With the meaning beyond rhyme and interest (on Li Sheng's poems), it is romantic. "If you don't worry, words won't affect you. "Self is the body, and language is not directly related to the body of content; If the body is the body, the body is like an external scene and taste. " This is a real massacre, ups and downs. "The real massacre is the spiritual subject; With its ups and downs, the body is in use. The phrase "like a glass of wine" is a subtle realm of Zen in a roundabout way. " Shallow and deep gather and disperse, one in ten thousand. "It means to be separated, to be at arm's length, to be used together, and to be integrated." Nature: "Look around without neighbors. All roads are suitable for the future, and the beginning is spring. I like every flower and look forward to the New Year. It's better to be true than poor. You are lonely and empty. You can pick apples after the rain. Thin words, time is long. "The first four sentences, the scenery description should be written in harmony with nature, and the spiritual subject should be in harmony with the universe itself. Five sentences, six sentences and ninety sentences describe the way to adapt to the environment and "live in peace with the place where you live" "(Question) Two sentences at the end of July and August are about the state that the spiritual subject of freedom is in harmony with the universe itself and the natural state of assimilation with the avenue.

The poetic proposition that "no word is romantic" is deeply influenced by Zen detour theory and China's philosophy, that is, no word is like Zen detour, such as China's philosophy. Emotion, reason and interest are like the body of Zen Buddhism, and the structure of scenery language is like Zen Buddhism. The noumenon of poetry cannot be said to be useful. The best way is to go our separate ways, that is, to talk about Zen by detours. Philosophically, it is called "wonderful use without body" Without the body, it is impossible to directly involve the body. The body should contain infinite harmony, seamless integration and no trace, that is, the wonderful use of the body. "No words" does not mean that you don't write a word, but that both language and writing are used for the body without words, and there are no words directly related to the body. The body to be expressed is deeply contained in it, and the poet's brilliant poetic thinking is beyond words, that is, "be romantic." "Romance" refers to poetry and scenery, artistic conception and image practicality, verve and description, temperament and language, temperament and realm, style and works, realm and technique, spirit and form, emptiness and reality, meaning and speech, emotion and interest and word expression, content and form, implication (implication) and inner meaning (ideographic).