About the Yellow River (you will know what to check when you come in)

If you don’t see the coffin, you won’t cry. If you don’t see the Yellow River, you won’t be able to wash away the thousands of miles of sand in the Yellow River without dying.

One year, an old man in his seventies named Er Germany opened a melon orchard on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He got up early every day and went to the Yellow River to water the cucumbers. His shoulders were swollen and the soles of his feet were peeling. He carefully cultivated the cucumbers, and they grew tender and sweet.

The old man De was tired that day and fell asleep lying on the vegetable garden door.

As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed of a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, the white cloud turned into a white-bearded imam, trembling his silver beard, and said to Mr. De: "Today there is an imam." You should pay attention to the two strong winds. There is a yellow wind at noon, which can make cucumbers wither; and there is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make cucumbers fall off. >

When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam was no longer there. Instead, he saw that the yellow wind from the north was blowing all over the sky and came to Niushou Mountain. I felt very sad that a year's hard work had been wasted, but when I thought of the white-bearded imam's words, I didn't move.

At noon, a black wind passed by, shaking the mountains and shaking the leaves, and dropped a layer of leaves. Another layer. The old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground. He was so angry that he picked off a small and wilted cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. It was like a god cutting it with a knife. Chu Di saw the bottom of the river. When the old man swooped down, the river suddenly closed up again. The old man was tired and hungry. He sat on the river bank, blinking, and the golden flowers were dancing, feeling dizzy. I don’t know anymore.

At this time, the old man De heard the white-bearded imam say again, "This cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. It can stop the Yellow River from flowing, and it can also make the Yellow River listen to others. But now the Yellow River is tormenting the two Iblis, Huang Feng and Black Wind. You cannot be impatient, you must be patient, and you must work harder. Next year, you plant another garden of cucumbers. When the cucumbers are ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river. You could pick out the jewelry, get the grain, and have a sword that could slay dragons and demons, and tame the Yellow River. Wherever you pointed, the Yellow River water would flow. "

The next year, the industrious old man from Germany planted another garden of cucumbers. He was not afraid of the long journey and did not hesitate to sweat, carrying water from the Yellow River to water the melons. The hard work paid off, and in the end, the garden was There was a three-foot-long cucumber inside, which looked like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden day and night until the melon was ripe.

On this day, the weather was so clear that there was no cloud. The old man picked off the three-foot-long cucumber, said "Tasmi", and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, he heard a roar from the Yellow River, and a long crack was opened, and the stones on the bottom of the river could be clearly seen. Chu. The old man went down to the bottom of the river and saw a hole near the river bank. There were all kinds of pearls and agates in the hole. When he just walked out, he heard a strong wind roaring and waves rolling on the river. After a wave, the old man Gerd picked up his sword and slashed dozens of swords at the black and yellow whirlwinds. After a while, the black and yellow winds blew out of the sky.

At this time, the Yellow River broke. Gradually, the old man remembered the white-bearded imam's instructions that this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He became enlightened and thought: I will let the Yellow River fill the trenches and level the mountain ridges. Holding two swords, the old man marched towards the Yellow River. The water of the Yellow River stopped flowing suddenly, as if there was a Great Wall in front of it, but it was getting higher and higher, which looked really scary from a distance.

Three days later, it reached Liupan Mountain in the south and Liupan Mountain in the west. As far as Helan Mountain, there was water everywhere, leaving only a few mountain peaks. Only then did the old man draw his sword and let the water of the Yellow River flow forward.

From then on, Ningxia became a mountainous place with deep ravines. It became a smooth river, and the Hui Han people living on both sides of the Yellow River relied on their hard-working hands to dig canals and cultivate fields, and lived a happy life.

Myths and legends:

Government by Dayu. There are three treasures in the Yellow River: the first is the river map; the second is the mountain-breaking ax; and the third is the water-avoiding sword. It is said that the river map was given to Dayu by the Yellow River water god He Bo.

In ancient times, in Huayintong. There was a man named Feng Yi in his hometown who was worried about farming and wanted to become an immortal. He heard that people could become immortals by drinking the juice of daffodils for a hundred days, so he looked for daffodils everywhere.

Before Dayu regulated the Yellow River, the Yellow River had no fixed channel and flowed everywhere, often causing disasters.

Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, often crossing, crossing, and crossing the Yellow River, and often dealing with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days later, he found a daffodil and sucked its juice for a day, and he became an immortal. Feng Yi was very proud and crossed the Yellow River to a small village to find daffodils. The water here was not deep, so Feng Yi waded across the river. When he reached the middle of the river, the water suddenly rose. He panicked, slipped, fell into the Yellow River, and drowned alive.

After Feng Yi died, he was full of grievances and resentment. He hated the Yellow River with gnashing of teeth, and went to the Jade Emperor to complain about the Yellow River. The Jade Emperor was also very angry when he heard that no one was controlling the Yellow River, and it was flowing wildly everywhere, endangering the people. Seeing that Feng Yi had sucked the juice of the ninety-nine-day narcissus flower and was about to become an immortal, he asked Feng Yi if he would like to become the Yellow River Water God and regulate the Yellow River. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of agreement. This way, he can fulfill his wish to become an immortal, and secondly, he can avenge himself for being drowned.

Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was known as He Bo. He had never had to control floods before, so he suddenly took on the task of regulating the Yellow River. He was helpless and worried. What to do? Since I was not very knowledgeable and had no magical skills, I had no choice but to ask the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him that in order to manage the Yellow River well, we must first understand the water conditions of the Yellow River and draw a river map. With the water conditions and river map of the Yellow River as a basis, it will be much easier to manage the Yellow River.

He Bo followed the Jade Emperor's instructions and wanted to draw a map of the river. He first went to his hometown and wanted to ask the villagers for help. The villagers all hated him for being idle and indolent, and no one paid him any attention. He went to the old man in the village and told him about his ambition to control the Yellow River. Later, when the old man saw that he had become an immortal and wanted to do something good for the people, he agreed to help him. From then on, Hebo and Hou Laohan traveled through mountains and rivers in all weathers to observe the water conditions of the Yellow River. The two of them ran away for several years, which finally made the old man sick from exhaustion. Later, the old man had no choice but to go back, leaving He Bo to continue observing the water conditions along the Yellow River. When we parted, the old man Hou repeatedly told He Bo that he should work hard to the end and not give up halfway. He would start regulating the Yellow River after drawing the map. There were not enough manpower, so he persuaded the villagers to help.

Checking water conditions and drawing river maps is a chore. By the time He Bo finished drawing the river, he was already old and weak. He Bo looked at the river map and clearly drew where the Yellow River is deep and where it is shallow; where it is easy to break the embankment and where it is easy to burst; where it should be dug and where it should be blocked; where the water can be cut off and where the flood can be drained. I can only lament that I don’t have the strength to regulate the Yellow River according to the plan, which is very sad. He Bo thought that one day there would be a capable person to manage the Yellow River. At that time, granting him the river map would mean that he had not worried in vain.

He Bo spent his remaining years peacefully under the Yellow River and never appeared again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River continued to rise and flooded frequently. The people knew that the Jade Emperor sent He Bo to control the water, but they did not see his face. They all scolded He Bo for not fulfilling his duties and not caring about the lives of the people.

The old man looked forward to Hebo every day in his hospital bed, and they didn't see him for several years. He was worried about the management of the Yellow River and wanted to find He Bo. His son's name was Yi, and he was a master of archery. No matter what the old man said, Yi would not let him go to He Bo. Later, the old man refused to listen to his son's dissuasion. As a result, he encountered a burst in the Yellow River and was washed away and drowned. Even his body was not found. Hou Yi hated He Bo very much and said through gritted teeth that he would shoot He Bo to death sooner or later.

Later, when Dayu came out to control the floods, Hebo decided to give him the Yellow River map.

On this day, Hebo heard that Dayu came to the Yellow River with a mountain-opening ax and a water-avoiding sword, so he came out from the bottom of the water with the river map to look for Dayu. He Bo and Dayu had never met before, and they did not recognize each other. He Bo walked for a long time and was so tired that he wanted to take a rest when he saw a young man walking on the other side of the river. This young man was brave and majestic, he must be Dayu, so He Bo shouted and asked: "Hey, who are you?"

The young man on the other side was not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up and saw an immortal old man shouting from the other side of the river, and asked, "Who are you?"

He Bo said loudly, "I am He Bo. You are Dayu." When Hou Yi heard that it was He Bo, he immediately became angry and sneered, saying, "I am Dayu." As he spoke, he drew his bow and drew an arrow, "whoosh". The arrow hit He Bo's left eye. He Bo pulled out the arrow and covered his eyes, sweating from the pain. He cursed in his heart: "Damn Dayu, you are so unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the angrier he became, and he went to tear up the water map. At this moment, there was a sudden shout: "He Bo! Don't tear up the picture." He Bo reluctantly looked with his right eye and saw a man wearing a bamboo hat on the other side, stopping Hou Yi. This man was Dayu. He knew that He Bo had drawn a map of the Yellow River and was about to ask He Bo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Dayu away and stretched his bow again.

Dayu grabbed him tightly and told He Bo about the difficulties of drawing pictures. Hou Yi regretted his rashness and shot He Bo out of his left eye.

Hou Yi waded across the river with Dayu. Hou Yi admitted his fault to He Bo. He Bo knew that Hou Yi was the son of Hou Laohan, so he didn't blame him much. Dayu said to He Bo: "I am Dayu, and I came to you specifically to ask for advice on how to regulate the Yellow River."

He Bo said: "My efforts and methods of regulating the river are all on this map. , I will grant it to you now."

When Dayu showed the picture, he saw that the picture was densely packed with circles, and the water conditions up and down, left and right of the Yellow River were clearly drawn. Dayu was very happy. He wanted to thank He Bo, but when he raised his head, He Bo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared.

Dayu obtained the map of the water conditions of the Yellow River. He worked day and night and based on the instructions on the map, he finally controlled the Yellow River.

Historical figures:

Xia Yu, Zheng Guo, Jia Rang, Zhang Rong, Wang Jing, Sima Fu, Jiang Shidu, Liu Yan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, Song Yongchen, Su Zhe, Du Shi, Zhou Yong, Wan Gong, Pan Jixun, Yang Yikui, Zhu Zhixi, Jin Fu, Chen Huang, Gao Bin, Guo Dachang, Li Yumei, Lin Zexu, Wu Dacheng, Zhang Yao

Spoken sayings and proverbs:

Jump into the Yellow River to wash away the unclear things. The Yellow River is rich in Ningxia. The richest is Wuzhong. The Yellow River still has a clear day. How can people be unlucky? The Yellow River in the world is rich in Ningxia. If you don’t reach the Yellow River, your heart will not die. You won’t shed tears until you see the coffin. .

Idioms:

The mainstay flows in the middle, the sea is clear, the river is clear, the sea is clear, the rivers and mountains bring Li, the Yellow River water is clear, the mountains bring the river, the carp jumps over the dragon gate, the river is clear, The mainstay

Wang Changling's "Looking at the capital from the white flower wall, when the Yellow River flows endlessly. In the autumn wilderness, there are no travelers, and the horse head comes east to know who it is", "The Yellow River crossing head returns to ask for help, the dogwood trees are new after a few days away from home" .

Du Fu's "Two Poems on the Yellow River" The Haixi Army on the north bank of the Yellow River is heard all over the world. The iron horses roared endlessly, and the barbarians moved in groups with their high noses. On the south bank of the Yellow River is Shu. If you want to supply your family, there is no millet. I would like to drive the common people to wear the king, and throw away gold and jade with a cart full of books.

He Jingzhi's "Sanmenxia - Dressing Table": "Looking at the three gates, the three gates are open, the Yellow River will not come back if it goes eastward", "Order Li Bai to change the poem, the water of the Yellow River will come in!".

"Crossing the Ancient Yellow River Embankment" by Sadula, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty: "The Yellow River was used as a river in ancient times, but now it is used as cultivated land. The capital roads have changed to Tianjin, and the sea has turned into dust."

Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty He wrote "The Yellow River has nine bends and thousands of miles of sand, and the waves and winds are tossing it from the end of the world."

Li Bai "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea never to return." ”, “The Yellow River can be blocked with earth, but the north wind, rain and snow can’t stop it”, “The Yellow River comes from the west to conquer Kunlun, and roars thousands of miles to touch the Dragon Gate”, “If you want to cross the Yellow River, it will be blocked by ice, but you will climb to Taihang in the dark sky of snow” “How majestic is the West Mountain? , the Yellow River comes like silk from the sky." "Let's explore the tiger's den towards the desert, whip the horse and ride across the Yellow River."

Wang Wei's "A single tree is approaching the gate, and the Yellow River is facing the sky."

Li Shangyin's "The desert is full of earthy flowers and blue clouds are vast, and the Yellow River is about to end and the sky is pale and yellow."

Bai Juyi's "The water of the Yellow River is white and the clouds are yellow in autumn, and pedestrians by the river are relatively sad."

Qiu Wei's "Yellow River Qing" in the Song Dynasty, Gujiao Qingxiong occupied Yunxi. Happy to be surrounded by dust, it’s still quiet today. A new thread is added, and the imperial state will last forever. Outside the building, Chong Ya's shadow is turning, surrounded by thousands of riders and thousands of cheers. When people from the Taiping government met for the first time, Meng Xiong had three good views. Huang En comes out of the sky at night, and the clouds and phoenixes fly to reflect each other. A treasure belt with thousands of nails, for a happy occasion today. With such meritorious deeds achieved, the situation is rectified and the Jianghuai River is settled. This time it is just right to return to the court and adjust the golden tripod.

Liu Zhongyong's "The Complaints of Conquest" Every year, the golden river returns to the Jade Pass, and the horses and swords are ringed. In the third spring, the white snow returns to the green tombs, and the thousands of miles of Yellow River circles the Black Mountains.

Folk ballad:

The Yellow River is rolling and rolling, and the cowhide raft is used as a ship.

The Yellow River has nine bends and eighteen bays, Ningxia starts to go to Tongguan, who has the best view of the thousands of miles of scenery? Qikou Jinyin Mountain

Xintianyou:

Yellow River Boatman Song

Do you know how many bays there are in the Yellow River in the world? There are dozens of boats on dozens of bays?

Dozens of boats and dozens of poles? Do dozens of sailors come to move the boat?

I know that there are ninety-nine bays in the Yellow River in the world. On the ninety-nine bays, there are ninety-nine boats.

The ninety-nine boats have ninety-nine poles. Hey, ninety-nine sailors came to move the boat.

According to the research of geological evolution history, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late Pleistocene epoch 1.15 million years ago, there were only a few disconnected lake basins in the basin, each forming an independent inland water system. Since then, as the western plateau rose, rivers eroded and invaded. After 1.05 million years of the Middle Pleistocene, the lake basins gradually became connected, forming the prototype of the Yellow River system. It was not until the Late Pleistocene, 100,000 to 10,000 years ago, that the Yellow River gradually evolved into a large river that runs up and down from its source to its mouth.

As the floods of the Yellow River carried a large amount of sediment, it was rapidly deposited after entering the downstream plain area. The main stream wandered in the overflow area. People began to build embankments to prevent floods. The flood channel continued to accumulate and rise, becoming a high-rise river higher than both banks. The "above ground river" will overflow under certain conditions and take a new path. The intensity of migration changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is unique in the world. According to written records, the Yellow River has changed its course many times. The scope of river course changes starts from the vicinity of Zhengzhou in the west, reaches Tianjin in the north, and reaches Jianghuai in the south, spanning 250,000 square kilometers. During the more than 1,700 years from the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou (602 BC) to the second year of Jianyan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1128), the migration of the Yellow River was mostly in the area north of the current river channel, invading the Haihe River system and flowing into the Bohai Sea. For more than 700 years from 1128 to 1855, the Yellow River changed its course and swayed in the area south of the current river course, invading the Huaihe River system and flowing into the Yellow Sea. In 1855, after the Yellow River burst at the east dam head of Lankao, Henan, it changed its current river course and diverted the Daqing River from Shandong to the Bohai Sea. Due to the continuous changes and changes in the course of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, as well as the changing effects of sea transgression and regression, the length of the river channel and the drainage area of ??the lower reaches of the Yellow River are also constantly changing. This is one of the outstanding characteristics of the Yellow River that is different from other rivers. In ancient times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River had a mild climate and abundant rainfall, which was suitable for primitive human survival. The Loess Plateau and the Yellow River alluvial plain have loose soil and are easy to colonize, making them suitable for the development of primitive agriculture and animal husbandry. The characteristics of loess facilitated the ancestors to dig holes and live in groups. The special natural geographical environment provided better conditions for the development of ancient Chinese civilization. As early as 1.1 million years ago, "Lantian people" lived in the Yellow River Basin. There are also "Dali people", "Dingcun people" and "Hetao people" who also live and multiply in the basin. A large number of ancient cultural sites such as Yangshao Culture, Majiayao Culture, Dawenkou Culture, and Longshan Culture are scattered up and down the river. These ancient cultural relics are not only numerous in number and type, but also continue to develop from far to near, systematically showing the development process of ancient Chinese civilization.

As early as 6,000 years ago, agricultural activities began to occur in the basin. About 4,000 years ago, some blood clan tribes were formed in the basin, among which the Yandi and Huangdi tribes were the most powerful. Later, Huangdi obtained the status of alliance leader and merged with other tribes to form the "Chinese tribe". Later generations regard the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. There is the Yellow Emperor's Palace in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, where the Yellow Emperor was born, and the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province. Descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties all over the world regard the Yellow River Basin as the cradle of the Chinese nation. He calls the Yellow River the "Mother River" and the "origin of the Four Rivers", and regards the yellow land as his "root".

Starting from the Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC, during the historical period of more than 4,000 years, successive dynasties have established their capitals in the Yellow River Basin for more than 3,000 years. The "Seven Ancient Capitals" in Chinese history include Anyang, Xi'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng in the Yellow River Basin and adjacent areas. A large number of oracle bone inscriptions remain in Yindu (then part of the Yellow River Basin), which pioneered Chinese written records. Xi'an (including Xianyang) has been the capital of 13 dynasties since the Western Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It has a history of thousands of years and is the famous "Eight Rivers Capital". After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, the Eastern Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, Hou Liang, Hou Zhou and other dynasties all established their capitals in Luoyang, which lasted for more than 900 years and was known as the "ancient capital of nine dynasties". Kaifeng, located on the south bank of the Yellow River, was called Bianliang in ancient times. King Hui of Wei moved the capital to Daliang in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Northern Song Dynasty established its capital here, which lasted for more than 200 years. For a long historical period, China's political, economic and cultural center has been in the Yellow River Basin. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the areas where science, technology, literature and art developed earliest in the country. Around 2000 BC, bronze wares appeared in the basin. By the Shang Dynasty, bronze smelting technology had reached a very high level. At the same time, iron smelting began to appear, marking a new stage in the development of productivity. The series of iron adzes and iron axes unearthed in Luoyang show that China developed cast iron softening technology more than 2,000 years earlier than European countries.

The "four great inventions" of ancient China - papermaking, movable type printing, the compass, and gunpowder - were all produced in the Yellow River Basin. A large number of literary classics, from the Book of Songs to Tang poems and Song lyrics, as well as a large number of cultural classics, were also produced here. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the country's economic center of gravity gradually shifted to the south. However, in the process of China's political, economic, and cultural development, the Yellow River Basin and the lower Yellow River plain area still play an important role. The long history of the Yellow River Basin has left a very precious heritage for the Chinese nation and countless places of interest and historical sites, which are the pride of our nation.