Fire safety knowledge

In order to reduce the occurrence of fire and improve everyone's awareness of fire prevention, the following is my carefully compiled knowledge about fire safety. Welcome to read, I hope it will help everyone's life.

1

What are the contents of the "four abilities" of fire safety?

(1) Check the ability to eliminate fire hazards.

(2) the ability to put out the initial fire

(3) the ability to organize evacuation and escape

(4) the ability of publicity, education and training

2

What is the policy of fire control work?

Prevention first, combining prevention with elimination.

Fire fighting work includes fire prevention and fire fighting.

1. "Prevention first" means to handle the relationship between fire prevention and fire prevention and fight against fire.

In order to prevent fire, we must put fire prevention in the first place and take various active measures ideologically, organizationally and institutionally.

2. "Combination of prevention and elimination" means that while actively doing fire prevention work, we should pay attention to manpower and material resources.

Technically, make full preparations for fire fighting. Strengthen the construction of voluntary fire fighting team within the enterprise, equip with sufficient fire fighting equipment, strengthen fire fighting training, do a good job in combat readiness on duty, and make unremitting efforts. Once a fire breaks out, it can be put out quickly and in time to minimize the hidden danger of fire.

three

Fire fighting task

1. Control and fire control all unsafe conditions and factors of fire and explosion;

2. Conditions and factors for limiting and eliminating the spread and expansion of fire and explosion;

3. Ensure that there are enough firefighters and fire-fighting equipment, so that in case of fire, it can be put out in time.

Loss;

4. Ensure that there are enough safety exits and passages for people to escape and materials to evacuate;

5. Thoroughly find out the cause of the fire and explosion, and achieve "three don't let go" (that is, don't let go if the reason is unknown; Accident responsibility and employees' lack of education; Preventive measures were not implemented.

four

How to use dry powder fire extinguisher?

When using portable dry powder fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin, hold the hose in one hand and aim the nozzle at the root of the flame; Press the handle with the other hand, and the dry powder can be sprayed out to extinguish the fire. (Short Note: Pin Pulling, Pipe Holding and Handle Pressing)

five

What are the precautions for using dry powder fire extinguishers?

In case of fire, take a portable fire extinguisher nearby, pull out the safety bolt with the other hand, shake it up and down several times, and stand 3-4 meters upwind of the fire. Hold the handle tightly, aim at the root of the fire source, and keep pushing forward until the fire goes out.

(1) aim at the root of the flame and inject under pressure, not too high.

(2) Spraying at a distance of 2-3m from the flame.

(3) spray in the upwind direction of the flame.

(Note: 2-3 meters against the wind, sprayed at the root of the flame)

six

How to identify the fire extinguisher pressure gauge?

The pressure gauge pointer pointing to the green area is just suitable for pressure; The pressure gauge pointer pointing to the yellow area means that the pressure is too high; The pointer of the pressure gauge points to the red area, indicating insufficient pressure. (Note: Good green area, big yellow area, small red area)

seven

How to use the fire hydrant?

When using the fire hydrant, first turn off the power supply of all fire extinguishing places, open the glass door of the fire hydrant, and press the manual alarm button, and the water pump connected with it will automatically pressurize. After connecting the hose with the gun (after opening the water valve, the nozzle head should be leveled), direct the fire until it is put out.

(1) Open the fire hydrant door and press the internal fire alarm button (if any).

(2) One person connects the spear head and hose to the fire point.

(3) Another person connects the hose and the valve port.

(4) Open the valve counterclockwise to spray water. (Note: Press the alarm, connect the gun belt and open the valve)

eight

Automatic sprinkler system

If there is a fire and the local temperature reaches 68℃, the glass tube (red) on the sprinkler will burst automatically and spray water to put out the fire.

nine

Automatic alarm system of smoke detector

When a large number of people gather together to smoke or have a short circuit or open circuit, causing smoke. When the smoke reaches a certain concentration, the smoke detector will automatically transmit information to the fire main engine.

10

What is a fire hazard?

Fire hazard refers to unsafe factors that may lead to or increase fire danger or harmfulness.

1 1

When a fire is found, the following measures should be taken immediately.

1, call the fire alarm number 1 19 to call the police. When giving an alarm, you should calmly respond and explain the exact location of the fire, the name of the fire unit, the street where you are located, the name and telephone number of the alarm person, the location and size of the fire. For example, in a relatively remote place, it is necessary to arrange a special person to meet the fire truck at the intersection so as not to delay the rescue work;

2. The person in charge of the site immediately organized forces to quickly evacuate the trapped people and help them escape. Be sure to pay attention to the route, do not take the elevator, cut off the power supply, stop the fire from spreading in time and find a water source (fire hydrant) to put into rescue work;

3. On-site staff should immediately report to the management office. Rescuers should first rescue the old, the young, the sick, the disabled and pregnant women. Relief materials are generally expensive first and then expensive, so as to prevent criminals from taking the opportunity to enter;

4. After the fire is put out, the management office should assign special personnel to protect the scene and assist the public security fire department in the investigation.

12

Combustion conditions

Burning, commonly known as fire. Refers to the chemical reaction between combustible substances and oxygen or oxidant, which releases heat, usually accompanied by flame and smoke.

When any substance burns, there is a process from an unburned state to a burned state. This process must meet three conditions, namely, combustible, combustion-supporting and ignition source. Without any one condition, combustion can't happen. These three conditions must be combined and interacted, otherwise combustion will not happen.

Any substance that can react chemically with oxygen or other oxidants in the air is called combustible, which can be divided into three categories: one is gaseous combustible (such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide). ), the second is liquid combustible (such as gasoline, alcohol, etc. ), third, solid combustible materials (such as wood, clothing, etc. Any substance that can help and support the combustion of combustible materials is called combustion improver, such as air, oxygen, potassium permanganate, etc. Any energy source that can cause combustion reaction between combustible substances and combustion-supporting substances is called ignition source. Ignition sources can be divided into: open flame, chemical heat energy, electric heat energy, light energy and so on.

13

Basic measures to prevent fire

Fire prevention is to eliminate the burning conditions and prevent them from happening, so as to achieve the purpose of fire prevention. The basic measures to prevent fire are:

(1), control of combustible materials

The specific methods are: controlling the storage of combustible materials; Replacing flammable or combustible materials with nonflammable or nonflammable materials; Impregnate combustible materials with fire retardant coatings to improve their fire resistance limit; Keep combustible materials in a good ventilation state to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, steam and dust, and control their concentration below the lower explosion limit.

(2) Isolation of combustion-supporting materials

Isolation of combustion-supporting materials is to destroy combustion-supporting conditions, and the specific measures are as follows: (1) the production of flammable and explosive materials is carried out in closed equipment; Store articles that are prone to spontaneous combustion in isolation from the air; The transformer is filled with inert gas for fire prevention; Close fire doors and windows to cut off air convection; Cover flammable liquids with sand and soil.

(3) Eliminate the ignition source

Eliminating the ignition source is to destroy the heat energy of combustion. The specific measures are: installing lightning protection and explosion-proof devices; Take measures such as temperature control and shading to avoid ignition sources; Firewalls should be installed between buildings, and fire shutters should be installed between different floors of the same building and in different areas of the same floor.

14

Basic methods of fire fighting

All fire extinguishing methods are aimed at destroying the burning situation that has happened. After a fire breaks out, it is often put out according to the burning substance, combustion characteristics, the specific situation of the fire site and the performance of fire-fighting equipment. Specific fire extinguishing methods mainly include:

(1), asphyxiation fire extinguishing method

Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to take appropriate measures to prevent the air from flowing into the combustion zone or dilute the oxygen content in the air with incombustible and inert gases according to the condition that the combustible needs enough air (oxygen) to extinguish the combustible without oxygen. This fire extinguishing method is suitable for fire extinguishing in closed rooms, production devices and equipment containers.

2, cooling fire extinguishing method

The cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray water or fire extinguishing agent directly on the combustible substance according to the condition that the combustible substance must reach a certain temperature when burning, so as to reduce the temperature of the combustible substance below the ignition point, thus terminating the combustion. This method can also be used to cool unburned objects, such as building components and equipment, to prevent them from burning or exploding under the influence of thermal radiation.

(3), isolation fire extinguishing method

The isolation fire extinguishing method is based on the condition that there must be combustible materials when the combustion occurs, and the combustible materials adjacent to the combustible materials are isolated to prevent the combustion from spreading further.

(4), suppression fire extinguishing method

The suppression fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the burning object to make it participate in the combustion reaction, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, thus ending the combustion.

15

What do you mean by the third fire fighting team?

(1) fire hazard patrol team

(2) The first firefighting force

(3) The second firefighting force.

16

What is the first combat effectiveness of fire fighting?

The fire fighting force spontaneously formed by employees within one minute at the fire scene is the first fighting force for fire fighting.

17

What are the specific tasks of the first combat troops?

The first employee who found the fire used nearby fire-fighting equipment to put out the fire, and loudly called the surrounding employees to report to the police for reinforcements; Employees near the fire point are responsible for using fire extinguishers and indoor fire hydrants to extinguish the fire; Employees near the telephone or fire alarm point report to the fire duty room (or fire control center) of the unit and the fire control institution of the public security organ; Employees near the safe passage or exit immediately guide customers to evacuate to a safe place; Employees near the smoke outlet should press the smoke button nearby. (Note: Call loudly, call, press the alarm, take the equipment, guide people)

18

What are the contents and requirements of "1 19" alarm?

The name, work unit and contact telephone number of the alarm person; The exact geographical location of the fire scene; Explain the fire scene as much as possible, such as fire time, combustion characteristics, fire size, whether there are trapped people, whether there are important items, what important buildings are around the fire, driving routes, and how fire engines and firefighters can easily enter or approach the fire scene. (Description of alarm content: fire time, characteristics, scale, fire personnel, articles and driving route)

19

Key points for employees in crowded places to deal with initial fire

(1) early alarm, with little loss;

(2) Call the police while playing;

(3) Save people first, then save people;

(4) to prevent poisoning and suffocation;

(5) Listen to the command and don't panic.

20

What are the procedures for organizing and guiding evacuation?

(1) Notify the fire.

(2) according to the division of responsibilities to guide the evacuation

(3) Ensure evacuation lighting

(4) Stabilize the mood of field personnel

(5) Make necessary evacuation preparations.

(6) Guide evacuation

(7) Count the number of people

(8) Protect the safety of evacuated personnel.

2 1

Standard of responsibilities of firefighters' emergency response team

1. Try to learn fire fighting knowledge. Be familiar with the performance of fire control facilities and equipment, and achieve "three understandings, three skills and three skills". Use the iFire Fire fire APP to realize intelligent patrol, ensure the quality of fire safety patrol, and discover potential safety hazards in time.

2. Cooperate with the fire center security to confirm the fire alarm.

3. Patrol to see if fire hazards and fire control facilities are in place. If it is lost, report it to the exclusive leader in time and notify the management office for investigation and handling.

4. In case of fire, immediately call the police manually, or call the fire center to explain the specific location of the fire and the burning substances. At the same time, use the nearest fire extinguisher and fire hydrant to extinguish the fire, and control the initial fire until the superiors and firefighters arrive. After the superior leaders arrive at the scene, they should obey the leadership and command, do a good job in fire fighting, evacuation and guidance, maintain the order at the scene, and do a good job in prevention.

22

Responsibilities of the personnel on duty in the fire center

1, responsible for fire monitoring. In case of fire, start all kinds of fire-fighting equipment according to working procedures to make them work normally.

2. Responsible for the maintenance of fire control facilities and equipment in this responsibility area.

3. Be responsible for recording relevant fire protection forms.

4, responsible for emergency use of public address system to guide and evacuate personnel and important materials.

5, master the job skills of each position, and perform the duties of any post safety officer when necessary.

6, master and publicize the common sense of laws and regulations, actively participate in fire training, master the equipment performance and usage.

7, regular fire safety inspection, found that the fire hazard timely report to the relevant departments and supervise the elimination of fire hazards.

8. Be responsible for the cleaning and hygiene of the fire control center.

9. Obey the work arrangement of the superior.

10, part-time monitoring center, follow the monitoring center security officer on duty.

23

What type of fire extinguishers should be equipped in general places?

ABC dry powder fire extinguisher.

24

What does fire extinguisher ABC mean?

A stands for combustible solid, B stands for combustible liquid and fusible solid, and C stands for combustible gas (ABC fire extinguisher can put out these three kinds of fires).

25

How to specify the protection radius of fire hydrant?

The protection radius of fire hydrant is generally 30m (hose length 20m+ water column 10m).

26

What are the fire-fighting facilities?

1 fire extinguisher,

Fire hydrant,

Three exit signs,

4 cigarettes,

5 sense of temperature,

6 automatic spraying,

7 emergency lighting

8. Fire shutter,

9 emergency broadcast, etc.

27

What is the function of smoke alarm?

When the smoke reaches a certain level at the beginning of the fire, it will automatically give an alarm and transmit the signal to the fire control room.

28

What is the function of automatic sprinkler?

When the ambient temperature reaches 68 degrees, it will automatically spray water to extinguish the fire.

29

What is the content of "one understanding and three skills"?

(1) Understand the fire hazard of this post.

(2) Will alarm, extinguish fire and escape.

30

What are the contents of the "three tips"?

(1) indicates that there is a fire hazard in this place.

(2) Prompt the location of safe escape route and exit, and how to escape and save yourself correctly in case of fire and other emergencies.

(3) Prompt the specific location and usage of simple protective masks, fire extinguishers and other fire fighting and escape equipment in this place.

3 1

What is the content of "six prohibitions"?

It is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers, use naked flames in violation of regulations, block and occupy evacuation passages, lock safety exits, throw cigarette butts, and use high-power electrical appliances.

32

What basic fire safety knowledge should employees be familiar with?

(1) Employees should keep in mind their responsibilities and fire hazards;

(2) Measures to deal with fire;

(3) The number and location of surrounding fire hydrants, fire extinguishers and manual alarms;

(4) The location of the nearest safe evacuation passage.

33

How to put out the fire of electrical equipment?

When there is a fire in electrical equipment, cut off the power supply of the equipment immediately, and then put out the fire.

34

How to put out the fire when oil and grease catch fire?

Dry powder fire extinguishers should be sprayed or buried in sand to effectively isolate oxygen.

35

What method will you use to put out the fire when the following situations happen?

(1) When cooking, the vegetable oil in the pot caught fire? (cover);

(2) When doing experiments, alcohol is spilled on the table and burned? (Cover with a wet rag);

(3) Are the books in the library on fire? (Fire extinguishing with liquid carbon dioxide)

36

Fires can be roughly divided into five categories.

A. Common fires are caused by solid substances such as wood, paper, cotton and cloth.

B. oil fires caused by flammable liquids and solid grease. Such as gasoline, kerosene and petroleum. Use the iFire Fire fire APP to realize intelligent patrol, ensure the quality of fire safety patrol, and discover potential safety hazards in time.

C. gas fire caused by gas combustion and explosion. Such as: natural gas, gas, gas.

D metal fires: fires caused by potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium and substances that prohibit water. Such as batteries.

E electrical fire: fire caused by accidental discharge, short circuit, leakage and fire of electrical appliances.

37

What is the ignition point?

The ignition point, also known as the ignition point, is the lowest temperature required for the continuous combustion of combustible substances.

38

What things are not allowed to be brought into the oil depot (station)?

When entering the oil depot (station), it is forbidden to carry matches, lighters and other items that can get angry, and it is forbidden to wear spikes.

39

Under what circumstances is smoking easy to cause fire?

Smoking in bed and sofa;

Smoking in places where smoking is prohibited;

When repairing cars and cleaning parts, throw unlit smoke spots and match sticks around.

40

What are the division of labor of the volunteer fire brigade?

There are fire fighting group, evacuation group, rescue group, equipment group and security group.

4 1

Briefly describe how to call the police in case of fire.

Call 1 19 to tell the location of the fire, what is on fire and how big the fire is; Send someone to guide the fire truck on the street corner or at the gate.

Forty two.

Basic definition of fire

Disaster caused by uncontrolled burning of time and space.

43

Basic concept of fire prevention

① Three necessary conditions for the formation of fire: combustible and air. Fire source.

(2) Common fire extinguishing methods: suffocation, air isolation, cooling, cooling, isolation and fuel removal.

Forty-four

Common sense of fire fighting and self-help and fire escape methods

First: be familiar with the environment and stay calm in times of crisis. Everyone should know the structure and escape route of the building where he works, studies or lives on weekdays; When you are in a strange environment, such as staying in a hotel, visiting a shopping mall or entering an entertainment place, you must pay attention to the location of evacuation routes, safety exits and stairs for your own safety, so that you can escape from the fire as soon as possible at a critical time.

Second: keep calm, get a clear direction and evacuate quickly. In case of sudden fire, you must first force yourself to keep calm, and never blindly follow the crowd, crowd or collide. When evacuating, please pay attention to running to a bright place or an open place outdoors, and try to run below the floor. If the passage "but not the basement" has been blocked by fireworks, you should leave with your back to the direction of fireworks and escape to the outside through balconies, transoms, etc.

Third: property that is not dangerous or greedy. In a fire, human life is the most important. Don't waste precious escape time on dressing up or looking for valuables because you are shy or concerned. People who have escaped from the fire must never return to dangerous places.

Fourth: simple protection, cover your nose and crawl forward. When fleeing from the fire, in the case of heavy smoke, you can cover your nose and mouth with towels and masks and climb away to prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. In addition, you can also pour cold water on your head and body, or wrap your head and body with wet towels, wet quilts, wet blankets, etc. , and then rushed out.

Fifth: make good use of the passage and don't enter the elevator. Buildings with standardized standards will have more than two escape stairs, passages or safety exits. In case of fire, you should choose to enter the relatively safe stairwell according to the situation. Remember, don't take the ordinary elevator when the tall building is on fire.

Sixth: shelter and stick to aid. If you feel hot when you touch the door with your hand, once you open the door at this time, flames and smoke are bound to come. At this point, first of all, you have to close the doors and windows that are on fire, open the doors and windows that are on fire, and block the crack of the door with wet towels and wet cloth. Or soak the quilt with water, cover the doors and windows, and then keep spraying the room with water to prevent fireworks from infiltrating, and stick to the room and wait for rescuers to arrive.

Seventh: signal for help. When trapped by fireworks, try to stay in balconies, windows and other places that are easy to be found. It is convenient for firefighters to find and rescue.

Eighth: the fire has reached you, don't run. If you find yourself on fire, running away and slapping with your hands will only form wind, accelerate oxygen replenishment and promote the fire. The correct way is to take off your clothes as much as possible or roll around to put out the fire. It is more effective to jump into the water in time or have someone water you.

Ninth: slow down and escape, and slide the rope to save yourself. After a fire breaks out in a high-rise or multi-storey building, you can quickly use ropes or simple life-saving ropes made by yourself, such as sheets, curtains and clothes, to get wet with water, and then slide along the ropes from the windowsill or balcony to the floor or ground below to escape. Even if you jump off a building, you have to jump on the life-saving air cushion prepared by firefighters or below the fourth floor before you can consider jumping off a building. You should also pay attention to the choice of pool, hood, grass, etc. If possible, try to hold some soft items such as quilts and sofa cushions or jump with a big umbrella. Although jumping off a building to survive, it will do some harm to your body, so be careful.

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