Manuscript of scientific aviation knowledge

1. handwritten newspaper about navigation technology

Science and technology tabloid manuscript navigation science and technology information manuscript: a sound of knocking on the glass of science stories came into my ears.

I looked out, but it was white and there was nothing. However, I opened the window and shouted, "Hello?" "Are you Jojo?" An ethereal voice came.

Before I could speak, the voice continued, "I am the special envoy of the land of clouds." You remember that dream, right? Dreaming about that means that you have been chosen as the candidate for the king of clouds. "

I am still in a daze. When I came to my senses, I squeezed my arm hard.

This kind of pain is very intense, that is to say, it is not a dream, it is real. The voice said, "Isn't that a good thing? Come on, I'll take you to the land of clouds. "

I took a step outside the window sill and stepped on something as soft as cotton. As soon as I got up, what was under my feet ... no, it should be said that it was a cloud, because he said that he was the special envoy of the country of clouds.

As soon as I got up, the clouds rushed forward quickly. The sea of clouds is very beautiful.

It's all white, no one, only floating clouds. We drifted for a long time and finally saw a magnificent palace.

Bright gold stands out against white. Entering the palace, the luxurious decoration is amazing.

I went to a place that looks like a back garden, and found that there were 19 young girls gathered here, plus me 20. At this time, the king of clouds spoke: "Today, you are gathered here to elect a new king of clouds.

You have to go through four games to decide who is the most qualified to be the king of clouds. "The words sound just fell and immediately appeared in front of us a huge maze, * * * twenty entrances and an exit.

I chose the last entrance and went in. I remember hearing that as long as you touch a wall and keep it open, you can go out.

So, I held the left wall with my hand and walked slowly, finally reaching the exit. I found out that I was the first person to come out.

After waiting for more than half an hour, everyone arrived. So, let's start the next round.

The second round is to create clouds with ideas. I began to meditate hard and imagine its appearance and character.

Almost everyone created a complete cloud at the same time, but only I had thoughts. So, I stood up again.

The third round is to let the created cloud listen to its own command. I touched it, talked to it and told it my story.

I finished this round of competition quickly, but others are not as lucky as me, because they want to create ideas for the cloud now. The fourth round is the most challenging.

In this round, you need to ride your own cloud, jump over the mountains, go to the most dangerous Yun He, get a bottle of river water, and then give it to the king of clouds to finish the race. I quickly got on my cloud and set off for Yun He.

Along the way, I saw many contestants fall into the clouds and be sent back to earth. I finally fell into the hands of Yunhe, only to find that things were so sinister.

There are thorns everywhere, crawling lizards and snakes everywhere. The air is filled with the smell of decay, and there is fog everywhere, so I can't see anything clearly.

I took the cloud to the river, only to find that the river had dried up and there was not a drop of water. Suddenly, it occurred to me that since anything can be created on the land of clouds, why not make it more beautiful? From the beginning, I began to imagine trees everywhere, green grass and red flowers everywhere, fresh air and clear rivers everywhere.

When I meditate, everything here evaporates and is replaced by something brought by my beautiful imagination. I put some water in the bottle and rode back on the cloud.

In the back garden of the palace, the king of clouds has been waiting there. He sat on the throne and smiled kindly.

He said to me, "You have all the wisdom, creativity, kindness and fraternity that the king of clouds needs." Then, after the coronation ceremony, you are the king of clouds. "

I was very excited and asked Yunwang, "Can my family come?" Unexpectedly, King Yun said, "What family? After you become king, you need to cut off your relationship with the world. What family do you want? " The admirable king of clouds can't get married! I immediately said categorically, "I don't want to be this king, I want to be with my family!" " King Yun was surprised: "What? You don't want to be king? When you become a king, you will have endless wealth. Compared with these treasures, your home is simply worthless! " "Family is irreplaceable and cannot be measured by money!" Cloud king slowly calmed down and said, "since you want to go back, let you go home. "However, you will never be king again."

I thanked King Yun and immediately returned to Earth. Looking out the window, those fluttering white clouds remind me of the dream I had that night.

In my dream, I was dressed in white, standing in the clouds, and my back seemed to have wings. It was just a dream, but it didn't stop my thoughts from roaming in the blue sky.

2. People who are in urgent need of space science and technology knowledge and make handwritten newspapers.

Yuri gagarin, the first Soviet to ride a rocket (now Russia), was the first to land on the moon. Armstrong and Aldrin in America were the first people to walk in space. Former Soviet astronaut Alexei leonov called the China rocket "Shenzhou". China's rockets are the "Long March" series, and China's manned spacecraft is the "Shenzhou" series, which has two meanings: one is the voice of "Shenzhou" and the other is the "God Ship". Question 1: When did man land on the moon? A: It is 65438+July 2 1, 0969 1: 56: 20. Q: Which country and which astronaut landed on the moon first? A: Armstrong of the United States (the first man to land on the moon was Armstrong) asked: What are the views on the origin of the moon? A: I have analyzed the rock samples of the Earth and the Moon before, saying that they are exactly the same and should be derived from the same substance. However, it is so hasty to think that the earth and the moon are a family, and there are many problems. For example, how did the moon and the earth form from the same substance at the same time? It is said that in the early days, the earth rotated so fast that it began to expand and eventually broke and separated from the moon. Unfortunately, not many people are convinced of this statement. According to New Scientist, recently, Swiss scientists also compared the rock samples of the moon and the earth, but the conclusion is different from the above research. They used the method of mass spectrometer to gasify the sample by argon combustion, and analyzed the weight of the components in the sample with high precision. The results show that although they are very similar in most aspects, the proportion of iron 57 and iron 54 isotopes in lunar rock samples is slightly higher than that on earth. The researchers said, "The only thing we can explain is that during the formation of the moon and the earth, they partially gasified." Only the theory of "collision of giant planets" has the high temperature environment above 1700 degrees Celsius needed for gasifying atoms. About 50 million years after the birth of the solar system, a planet as big as Mars collided with the Earth. This catastrophic collision is powerful. It may release 65438+ billion times more energy than the planetary collision that led to the extinction of dinosaurs, enough to melt and gasify a considerable part of the earth, and Theia was completely destroyed at the same time. Debris from the collision enters the earth's orbit and eventually merges to form the moon. When iron atoms are gasified, relatively light isotopes evaporate first. Because the debris that became the moon is completely vaporized, it may lose more and lighter iron isotopes. That is to say, the ratio of lunar iron 57 to iron 54 is a little higher than that of the earth. Scientists have the above explanation based on this. There is a theory about the origin of the moon that passing celestial bodies are "caught" by the gravity of the earth. The secret of the origin of the moon has aroused the interest of many scientists. This year, the European Space Agency will launch a compressed image display X-ray spectrometer weighing 3 kilograms and the size of an oven via satellite. The instrument will run around the moon along an elliptical orbit only 1 km from the surface of the moon, and monitor and record different light wave data. Among them, the first complete high-resolution map of the moon and the obtained Mg-Fe ratio data will hopefully tell us where the moon originated. Q: What resources can the moon use? A: Soil, rocks, hard metals, radioactive substances, magnetic fields, etc. Q: What about the artificial moon? A: Using a huge mirror to reflect sunlight to the backlight of the earth Q: How far is the moon from the earth? A: More than 380,000 kilometers. Q: Is the moon the sea? Why? No, the plain. Because the dark and uncharacteristic moon plain is called "Moon Sea", this is because ancient astronomers thought it was an ocean. In fact, the Moon Sea was formed by basalt magma flowing out of the lunar mantle and covering the surface after being hit by a huge meteorite. Q: What is the name of the largest moon sea? A: The largest sea is Storm Ocean, covering an area of about 5 million square kilometers. Q: Which is older, the moon or the earth? What is the radius of the moon? A: 1738 km q: why is there a solar eclipse? A: Every time the moon moves between the earth and the sun and three celestial bodies are in a line, a solar eclipse will occur. The moon blocks the sunlight and creates a shadow on the earth, which makes some areas unable to receive some or all of the sunlight. As for how small the sun is covered, it depends on their position relative to the shadow of the moon. If observers are in the penumbra, they will see a partial solar eclipse, while people in the umbra will see a total solar eclipse. Q: Yes. A: It was hit by a meteorite. Under normal circumstances (for example, there is an atmosphere around the earth, and meteorites will rub against the air when they pass through the atmosphere. This heat is enough to burn meteorites, some of which are very big or contain some special substances, but they are not completely burned and fall to the ground. But there is no atmosphere around the moon, and meteorites directly fall to the surface of the moon, forming this crater. Do you think it is shaped like a stone falling into the water? A: Because of the gravity of the moon: Why does the moon have a round change? A: It is a natural phenomenon caused by the movement of the sun, the earth and the moon. Q: Can you see the buildings on the earth on the moon? Answer: Can (Wan Li Great Wall) ask: Is the moon a planet? No, it's a satellite of the earth. Q: What astronomical instruments can you name? A: Astronomical telescope and radio telescope Q: Why should the observatory be built on the mountain? A: The terrain is high, the line of sight is good, and it is easy to observe. Q: Why is the observatory round? A: It is easy to determine the location through extensive observation. Q: Who was the famous writer in China during the Warring States Period? A: Gander and Shi Shen asked: Who discovered the precession phenomenon? A: Yu Q: What is the name of the calendar compiled by Zu Chongzhi? A: Li Ming asked: Who presided over the determination of the length of the noon line in the Tang Dynasty? A: The monks and their party asked: Who compiled the most accurate calendar in ancient China? What's the name of this calendar? A: It was compiled by Guo Shoujing. This kind of calendar is called "chronograph calendar". Q: What is the oldest astronomical clock in the world? A: The Observatory of Water-borne Instruments Q: Which book is recorded by the Observatory of Water-borne Instruments? Who is the author of New Instruments and Imaging Methods? A: Su Song asked: In his own calendar, Zu Chongzhi designated a year as.

3. Space knowledge (making handwritten newspaper)

One of the differences between aerospace and aviation, the so-called "aviation" refers to human activities in the regional atmosphere. Aircraft, helicopters, airships, balloons and other aircraft used are collectively referred to as (aircraft). The so-called "space flight" means that mankind rushes out of the earth's atmosphere and goes into space, that is, it uses (spacecraft) and its (launch vehicle) (space navigation).

The rocket was launched from an airplane. Generally speaking, a launch vehicle is launched from a launch pad or from an airplane. On April 5th, 0990, the American Pegasus rocket was successfully launched for the first time on the improved B52 bomber. The rocket was sent to an altitude of 1.3 million meters and released for 5 seconds.

The rocket dropped nearly 100 meter. Then ignite, and after 9 minutes, send a satellite with the mass of 19 1 kg into a polar orbit with an altitude of 584 kilometers and an inclination of 94 degrees.

In 20031October 25th and April 28th, the Pegasus rocket was successfully launched twice. So far, the Pegasus rocket has been successfully launched 33 times, and only 3 times failed.

Why do rockets have to be launched from airplanes? First, it's cheap. The launch cost of a rocket is only half that of a ground launch of the same scale. Second, the carrying capacity can be doubled. These 30 planes can take off from airports in different locations and fly to any place above the ground to launch, regardless of geographical restrictions. Once the ground launch facility is damaged.

Quickly launch reconnaissance and transmit satellites in this way. Fourth, launching from the air can improve concealment.

Because of this, both the United States and Russia are optimistic about this launch method. However, air launch is also affected by aircraft load, and only small rockets can be launched, which can only be launched by special aircraft. Aircraft maintenance is forever and cannot be used frequently.

There are three members in the manned spacecraft family: manned spacecraft, space station and space shuttle, which are used by humans to reach the moon. Manned spacecraft travel independently between the ground and the space station, just like a ferry for human beings to communicate with space.

It can dock with the space station or other spacecraft for joint flight. However, the spacecraft is small in size, limited in consumables, unable to supply, and limited in space operation time, so it can only be used once.

Compared with manned spacecraft, the space station has the advantages of large volume, many people, long service life and comprehensive utilization, and is the infrastructure for developing space technology and exploring space. The space shuttle is a multi-purpose spaceship.

It can meet the needs of satellite launch, maintenance and recovery, as well as the transportation of personnel and materials, and can be reused many times to reduce the carrying cost. [NextPage] Satellite navigation technology uses navigation satellites to navigate and locate users on the ground, in the ocean, in the air and in space.

Navigation satellites are like space lighthouses. Satellite navigation integrates the advantages of traditional navigation and realizes global, all-weather and high-precision navigation and positioning.

1964, the United States built the satellite navigation system "meridian" for the navigation and positioning of nuclear submarines and surface ships, and it was opened to the public from 1967. 1973, the us military began to develop a better global positioning system (GPS), which was widely used in the gulf war of 199 1.

The satellite navigation system consists of navigation satellites, ground stations and user positioning equipment. Navigation satellite is the space part of satellite navigation system, which is composed of several navigation satellites to form a space navigation network.

Ground stations usually include tracking stations, telemetry stations, computing centers, injection stations and time unification systems, which are used to track, measure, calculate and predict satellite orbits and control and manage the work of on-board equipment. User positioning equipment usually consists of a receiver, a timer, a data preprocessor, a computer and a display.

It receives weak signals from satellites, demodulates and decodes satellite orbit parameters and timing information, measures navigation parameters, and then the computer calculates the user's position coordinates and velocity vector components. User positioning equipment is divided into single person (such as hand-held GPS receiver), vehicle-mounted, ship-borne, airborne, missile-borne and satellite-borne.

Satellite navigation is divided into Doppler velocimetry, time ranging and other methods. Doppler velocimetry and positioning means that the user measures the Doppler frequency shift between the actually received signal frequency and the frequency transmitted by the satellite, and calculates the user's position according to the orbit parameters of the satellite.

Time ranging navigation and positioning is to measure the propagation time of signals sent by four (or three) satellites in the system, and then complete a set of mathematical model operations including four (or three) equations, so as to obtain the user's position. This method is used by the Global Positioning System (GPS) of navigation stars to achieve positioning.

The accuracy of satellite navigation and positioning can reach several meters, and it is tens of meters for civilian use. GPS has been widely used in military fields, such as positioning vehicles, tanks, artillery and infantry. To guide the rendezvous, entry and exit, navigation and landing of the maritime fleet; Provide accurate location information for anti-submarine, mine-laying, mine-clearing, search, rescue and missile launch; Aircraft accurately drop bombs, launch missiles, take photos for reconnaissance, implement air support, rendezvous and refueling, and air traffic control; Precise guidance of strategic missiles to improve hit accuracy: Low-orbit reconnaissance and surveillance satellites accurately locate and map targets, providing a unified coordinate system for battlefield management, communication and command and control of strategic defense plans.

The "Navigation Star" Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of 24 satellites (including 3 spare satellites), which are evenly distributed in 6 orbits, with a height of about 20,000 kilometers and an inclination of 63. /kloc-0 was built ahead of schedule in June, 1993 and has been widely used in the military. The positioning accuracy can reach several meters, the speed measurement accuracy is higher than 0.l m/s, and the timing accuracy is better than 1 microsecond.

Shenzhou VII Shenzhou VII Right /f? kw = % C9 % f 1% D6 % DD % C6 % DF % BA % C5 .

4. Small scientific knowledge handwritten newspaper

Why does scientific sorbet get angry? The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it comes to cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.

Why do sunflowers always face the sun? Sunflower stems contain a wonderful auxin. This auxin is very afraid of light.

When it is illuminated, it will go to the backlight side, and the cells on the backlight side will multiply rapidly. Therefore, the backlit side will grow faster than the bright side, which will bend the sunflower to light. Why does cicada shed its skin? Cicada's shell (exoskeleton) is hard and can't expand with the growth of cicada. When the cicada grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada loses its original exoskeleton, which is cicada slough.

How do bees make honey? First, the bees spit the sweet juice of the flowers they picked into an empty hive. At night, they suck sweet juice into their honey stomachs to make it, and then spit it out and swallow it. It takes 100~240 times to make sweet honey. How do birds sleep? During the day, birds shuttle in the branches, chirp and fly freely under the blue sky. At night, they should rest, sleep and recover their strength like us, but the sleeping posture is different! Beautiful mallard ducks and swans hunt and play in the water during the day, but they can't rest when they leave their favorite water at night.

They bend their beautiful long necks, bury their heads in their wings, and then let themselves float on the water, dreaming a beautiful dream, drifting with the tide, very leisurely. Long-legged birds such as cranes, storks and herons always sleep independently on one foot, and when they are tired, they change their other feet, which is a model of combining work and rest.

Partridges like to form a big circle in groups when resting, and then their heads are outward and their tails are inward. In this way, no matter which direction the enemy attacks, they can find and escape in time.

Birds with sweet voices, such as blackbirds and larks, usually bend their legs when sleeping, and their claws bend to firmly grasp the branches without worrying about falling from the trees. And the owl, a "night-shift" raptor, you can always see it standing on a dense branch with one eye open during the day, actually sleeping.

Isn't the owl's sleeping position very different? Is to always monitor the surrounding environment and guard against enemy attacks! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Will the fish drown? Fish has gills and can breathe in the water, while fish has swim bladder and can float freely in the water. However, some people say that fish living in water will also drown. Is it true?/You don't say. It sounds ridiculous, but it's true.

The swim bladder is the "lifebuoy" for fish swimming, and it can adjust the specific gravity of fish by inflating and deflating. In this way, when swimming, the fish can maintain a stable state and not sink or float in the water with minimal muscle activity.

However, when the fish sinks to a certain depth (that is, the "critical depth"), the huge external pressure will make the volume of the swim bladder irreparable. At this point, its buoyancy is less than its own gravity, so it will involuntarily sink to the bottom of the water, can not float up again, and will eventually drown because it can not breathe.

Although fish can still float upward by swinging their fins and tails, it won't help if they sink too deep. On the other hand, fish living in the deep sea can live freely in the deep water because their bones can bear great pressure.

If we quickly let the fish living in the deep sea reach the "critical depth", it will continue to "swell" until it comes to the surface because the pressure inside its body cannot be balanced with the smaller pressure outside. Sometimes, it even spits out its internal organs and "explodes" to die.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Greedy children become stupid. Gluttony will reduce the blood flow to the brain. If you eat too much at a time, or eat all the time, you will mobilize a lot of blood in the human body, including blood from the brain, to the gastrointestinal tract. Adequate blood supply is the premise of development, and if it is often in ischemic state, its development will inevitably be affected.

Gluttony will lead to overeating in the "obese brain", especially if you eat too much nutritious food, the calories you consume will greatly exceed the calories you consume, and the heat energy will be converted into fat and accumulated in the body. If there is too much fat in brain tissue, it will cause "brain obesity".

Studies have confirmed that human intelligence is related to the number of wrinkles in the sulcus gyrus of the brain. The more obvious the sulcus gyrus, the more wrinkles, and the higher the intelligence level. The obese brain makes the sulcus close, wrinkles disappear, the cerebral cortex is smooth, the neural network is poorly developed, and the intelligence level will be reduced.

Overeating can inhibit the physiological function of the intelligent area of the brain. The way of human brain activity is that excitation and inhibition induce each other, that is, when some parts of the brain are excited, some areas of its adjacent parts are in a state of inhibition. The stronger the excitement, the deeper the inhibition on the surrounding parts, and vice versa. Therefore, if the autonomic nerve center responsible for gastrointestinal digestion is excited for a long time because of overeating, it will inevitably lead to the suppression of adjacent brain intelligent areas such as language, thinking, memory and imagination.

If these areas are often suppressed, their intelligence will get worse and worse. Overeating can damage the brain because of constipation. Snacks for children are mostly high-nutrient fine foods, which are easy to constipation.

When constipation occurs, the metabolites accumulate in the digestive tract for a long time, and after the action of intestinal bacteria, a large number of harmful substances are produced, which are easily absorbed by the intestine and enter the blood circulation, causing chronic poisoning of brain nerve cells and affecting the normal development of the brain. Overeating can also promote premature aging of the brain. In a study, scientists found that a substance that can promote premature aging of the brain-fibroblast growth factor, will increase tens of thousands of times after meals because of overeating. This is a substance that can promote arteriosclerosis, so overeating will cause premature aging of the brain in the long run.

Simple and easy-to-learn scientific knowledge The mystery of automatic rotation: Why do cartons filled with water rotate? Materials: empty milk cartons, nails, 60 cm long rope, sink, water operation: 1. Punch five holes in the empty milk box with nails. 2. One hole is in the middle of the top of the carton, and the other four holes are in the lower left corner of the four sides of the carton. 3. Tie a rope about 60 cm long on the top hole. 4. Put the paper box on the plate.

5.* * * Construct the content of the space dream manuscript

On June 1 1, 20 17: 38, Shenzhou 10 rose into the sky, shouldering the heavy responsibility of China's first manned space rendezvous and docking, representing that China is gradually realizing its space dream. The task will be to "pick up the missing pieces" of the "Shenjiu" manned rendezvous and docking technology. The spaceship will fly into space with three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Zhang and Wang Yaping.

Shenzhou-10 will hold space science lectures and science education activities for young people for the first time, which will be a highlight of this mission. According to experts, popular science education is a very important function of aerospace. Using manned space flight to reveal the special phenomena and laws of space microgravity to primary and secondary school students can stimulate young people's enthusiasm for scientific exploration and accumulate experience for making full use of space station resources to carry out popular science activities in the future. In fact, this is also an important part of space activities in all countries of the world. In addition, the seemingly simple space teaching needs the support of the communication link between heaven and earth, which also challenges the coordination among the three astronauts.

How does an object move in weightlessness? What is the state of liquid in space? During the Shenzhou-10 mission, audiences all over the country can watch these phenomena live from space.

For the first time, Shenzhou-10 astronauts will carry out popular science education activities such as space teaching and interactive communication between heaven and earth for primary and secondary school students, which will become a highlight of Shenzhou-10 mission.

This popular science education activity is an attempt to popularize space knowledge in manned space activities in China. It is hoped that this popular science education activity can further stimulate young people's yearning for space and enthusiasm for learning scientific and technological knowledge.

Wang Yaping, a female astronaut, is the first "space teacher" in China. For the teaching content, it is mainly to let teenagers know the characteristics of object movement in microgravity environment, understand the role of liquid surface tension, and deepen their understanding of basic physical concepts such as mass, weight and Newton's law. Astronauts will give on-orbit explanations and experimental demonstrations, and have two-way interaction with teachers and students on the ground.

Through this activity, teenagers get close to space, understand space and love space.