Bank loan credit risk tips how to write bank loan credit risk

What are the characteristics of credit risk? How to follow the movement law of credit funds and prevent the occurrence of credit risks?

1. The four main characteristics of credit risk are asymmetry, accumulation, systematicness and endogeneity. Credit risk is a very important factor affecting the decision-making of banks, bond issuers and investors.

Second, what is credit risk:

1. Credit risk refers to the counterparty's risk or performance risk, and refers to the counterparty's failure to perform the debt at maturity. Bank credit risk mainly occurs in loans, in addition to guarantees, acceptance, securities investment and other businesses, which are related to the life and death of banks.

2. The credit risk of banks mainly comes from two aspects: first, when depositors withdraw money from banks, banks do not have enough funds to deal with it; Second, when the debt expires, the borrower fails to repay the loan and interest as required.

Iii. Analysis of specific credit risk characteristics:

1. Asymmetry: expected income and expected loss are asymmetric. When an entity bears a certain credit risk, the expected income and expected loss of the entity are asymmetric.

2. Cumulative: Cumulative credit risk means that credit risk has the characteristics of continuous accumulation, vicious circle, chain reaction and sudden outbreak beyond a certain critical point, which will lead to financial crisis.

3. Systemicity: The so-called systemic risk is the risk caused by the uncertainty of macroeconomic factors. Credit risk is an important systemic risk driven by macroeconomic factors.

4. Endogenous: Credit risk is not entirely driven by objective factors, but subjective and cannot be confirmed by objective data and facts.

Four, how to prevent credit risk:

1. Establish a credit risk management system.

Preventing credit risk is a systematic work. Doing a good job in a certain link is invalid or ineffective, so we must do a good job in overall defense. Generally speaking, it is necessary to make overall plans for construction, establish a credit risk management system, and take precautions in every link from business acquisition to loan issuance to recovery.

2. Strengthen risk management team building.

Many commercial banks' risk management teams are weak, so they can't play the role of preventing and controlling bank credit risks. In order to change this situation, we must strengthen the attraction of talents and educate and train risk teams.

3. Regularly check the business.

Every business has hidden risks, and the possibility and harmfulness of different businesses are different. The risk calendar team of the bank should regularly evaluate and identify the possibility and possible loss of business.

4. Be more careful about loan customers.

Before conducting business, collect and analyze customer information, identify the accuracy of information, and prevent false information from making wrong judgments on customers.

5. Decentralized loans

The credit business of many commercial banks is often concentrated in a certain industry. Once these industries have undergone great changes under the influence of macro policies, the changes brought to lenders are subversive changes, and natural commercial banks are huge losses. Therefore, commercial banks should expand their credit business.

For most commercial banks, loans are the biggest and most obvious source of credit risk.

Credit risk is the risk of default and the risk that bank borrowers can't pay back the money. If the reason is not appropriate, the three points you originally listed are not the reasons for the risk: for example, the lack of understanding of the risk has little to do with the reasons for the risk. Moreover, the risk management of domestic banks has been quite professional as a whole, and there is not much difference between them and foreign countries in understanding, and it has led to problems in internal management, system and risk control of banks as early as this, resulting in credit risk. Now the imperfect internal control system is not an important reason. System problems are mostly individual and minor problems, which will eventually lead to risks under the superposition of other factors (you have to believe that most banking regulators and commercial banks in China are risk-conservative, and most systems are strict, so you can avoid risks by doing nothing or doing less). Information asymmetry is a difficult problem in bank customer marketing and credit management, which can be said to be part of the reason why bank loans are risky and not found in time, but it has little to do with the risk itself. From the bank's point of view, the causes of credit risk are mainly external (macro, industry, enterprise itself, etc.). ) and internal (management, system, risk control, etc. At present, the most important and comprehensive reason is external factors, especially the macroeconomic situation of countries, places and industries other than enterprises. Banks are pro-cyclical industries, especially the "hand of the government" is very strong in China's economy. When the policy planning of central and local industries, credit, taxation and other aspects and the economic situation at home and abroad change, the overall operating efficiency, profit and cash flow level of enterprises are highly positively correlated with macroeconomics. This is the big environment and background, and it is also the most important factor that affects the credit risk level of bank loans, and it is the most important condition that determines the overdue and bad occurrence of the banking industry and the region as a whole. The second aspect of external factors is the problems in the enterprise's own operation. There are many factors, mainly including: poor management; The product is wrong, the technology is not too hard, and it is eliminated in the market competition; Expansion is too fast, and cash flow can't keep up; Malicious fraud, defrauding loans; Production accidents and natural disasters; Boss, the actual controller is involved in the case, involving private lending and so on. Now there are also many people who are dragged down by others as guarantors. From the internal factors, the causes of credit risk are mainly some problems in the bank's own operation and management (roughly equivalent to your second question "Problems existing in the credit risk management of commercial banks at present"), including: improper customer selection; Post-loan management is not in place, and there are problems in fund monitoring and post-loan inspection; Individual staff members violate laws and regulations; Wait a minute.

Sources of credit risk of commercial banks

The credit risk of commercial banks mainly comes from the loan business and investment business of banks.

In the loan business, commercial banks need to bear the risk of loan default. If the lender fails to repay the loan, the commercial bank will suffer losses. In addition, commercial banks may also suffer losses due to poor loan quality.

In the investment business, commercial banks need to bear the risk of investment losses. Commercial banks will suffer losses if the value of investment securities declines. In addition, commercial banks may also suffer losses because of the poor quality of the securities they invest in.

In addition, commercial banks may also suffer from credit risk due to market risk, operational risk, contract risk, legal risk and other factors. In order to reduce the credit risk, commercial banks should establish a sound risk management system and strengthen risk monitoring and preventive measures.

The introduction of credit risk of bank loans ends here.