Rural Tourism and Rural Ecotourism Rural Ecotourism

1. Rural ecological tourism

Yes. The so-called rural ecotourism refers to a rural tourism activity that takes place in rural areas, is supported by the agricultural industry, uses the rural environment and typical rural ecotourism resources as attractions, and takes ecotourism as the concept. Rural eco-tourism takes pastoral scenery, farming participation, and folk experience as its main forms, integrating sightseeing experience, cognition, and tourism activities. It develops rural tourism with agricultural support, people-oriented, ecological protection, community participation, revenue feedback, and ecological home construction. main principles.

From 2010 to 2012, the rural tourism market relied on rich resources such as rural ecological environment, pastoral landscape, agricultural production facilities, farming folk culture, and farmers’ life to provide the society with tourism, A new industrial form of leisure, vacation, experience, entertainment, fitness, education, exhibition and other services. From the perspective of market demand, the development prospects of leisure agriculture and rural tourism are broad. The main manifestations are:

1. Strong consumer demand

There is a huge consumer group.

3 Consumption power is getting stronger and stronger.

4 Have enough time for consumption.

5 has great potential for development.

Therefore, the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism is not only to meet the growing needs of a better life for my country’s urban and rural residents, but also an important part of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

2. Rural tourism industry

Economic forests can develop ecological tourism. Ecotourism is being developed across the country. Such as apple orchards, strawberry fields, vineyards, etc. Visitors pick their favorite fruits while visiting the gardens. It can also increase the income of economic forests. Tourism is very popular for people in this city. In the joy of traveling, I gained benefits and saw the rural pastoral scenery.

3. Development of rural eco-tourism

The impact of rural tourism on ecology is the over-exploitation of villages and the destruction of natural resources. At present, in order to engage in rural tourism and increase the popularity and quantity of tourism, some places are over-building roads and building resorts and B&Bs beyond standards.

Natural mountains and rivers are full of over-cut trees. In order to ensure that buses can build roads and widen existing rural roads, floods will occur once heavy rainfall occurs, and the destruction of green water and clear mountains should be stopped.

4. Eco-tourism develops rural tourism

Basic theoretical research on rural tourism

my country’s research on rural tourism started late, mostly through the study of some related disciplines Related theories, such as sociology, economics, geography, etc. This is also the basis of this study.

1. Experience economy theory

American Pine and Galmore (1998) proposed the experience economy gt; that is to say, in the era of experience economy, experience activities should be set in a comfortable, good, and comfortable environment. In an advantageous environment, the activities designed at the same time must be market differentiated and cost-effective. Simply put, in the modern competitive environment, providing a good product or service is no longer enough. In addition to the quality and service of tourism shopping, tourists are also paying more and more attention to it.

2. On the prominence of tourist attractions.

In the development of rural tourism, we must pay attention to the development of key tourist attractions, highlight their characteristics, and continuously cultivate and develop key tourist attractions. When developing rural tourist attractions, their layout should be properly handled, and tourist areas with superior geographical locations, outstanding tourism resources, and high levels of local economic development should be developed as key tourist attractions. Focus on development, thus driving the development of other tourist destinations. If we do not adopt a growth and development approach, the development focus will not be highlighted, development will be slow, and the overall development of rural tourism will not be realized.

3. Villager Participation Theory

Local villagers in tourist attractions are an integral part of the tourism development of the region. The participation of local villagers can achieve the ultimate win for all local participants. The central idea is to develop the scenic spot as a whole, allowing villagers to actively participate in and benefit from the development of local tourism, and achieve dual development of the local economy and environment.

4. Tourist destination life cycle theory.

Canada's Butler (1980) once said that the development of every tourist spot will go through a cycle of exploration, participation, development, consolidation, decline and recovery. The development of the tourism industry has entered the decline and recovery stages from the initial exploration stage, and the number of tourists has accordingly changed from small to large, and then from large to small. When tourist attractions are declining, if new and distinctive tourism projects are added, tourists may be attracted again, thereby realizing the recovery of the attractions, which starts a new cycle of six stages [29].

According to the above theory, a tourist spot is at different stages of development, and its development priorities and measures are also different. If we apply Butler's tourism destination life cycle theory to develop rural tourism destinations, then when a rural tourism destination is in the consolidation stage or the previous stage, its development focus should be on local infrastructure construction, attraction development, advertising, etc. aspects; and if it reaches the consolidation stage or later stage, the focus should be on developing new distinctive tourism projects, creating new products to attract tourists, and doing a good job in advertising in response to these changes, thereby delaying the decline or entering the recovery stage [12].

5. Tourism sustainable development theory.

The "Agenda 21" of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992 clearly pointed out that the core of sustainable development is development, including economic development, social development and maintaining a good ecological environment. It is a state of harmonious development between man and nature. The sustainable development of tourism is based on the premise of maintaining the environment and ecosystem, and applies sustainable development theory to tourism development. Internally, the carrying capacity of the tourism system is greater than the pressure on the ecological environment and social pressure. Externally, it is the stability, growth continuity and fair competition of the tourism system.

To sum up, the author believes that rural tourism is a commodity exchange and spiritual exchange activity between tourism operators (farmers) and tourists (tourists). By developing rural tourism, on the one hand, farmers' incomes can be increased, their lives can be improved, and they can experience the benefits brought by rural tourism; on the other hand, tourists can gain relaxation and pleasure from the countryside through consumption. The development of rural tourism enables both supply and demand parties to get what they want, achieving a win-win situation for operators (farmers) and tourists (tourists).

5. General situation of the development of rural eco-tourism

How can a hundred acres of farmland be turned into a leisure farm?

What is the nature of farmland? General farmland is still basic farmland, so it goes without saying that we don’t have basic farmland.

For general farmland, facility land and construction land should be approved first. If it is approved, it will be a leisure farm. Otherwise, it can only be considered a small farm at best.

As for the above, let S re-plan the farm, including greening, landscape, fruit trees, catering, B&B and other facilities, and finally talents, management, and operations!

I am Slow Life Orchard, sharing my experience in special fruit tree cultivation techniques. If you like, you can follow me and discuss fruit tree cultivation techniques together!

6. The current development status of rural ecological tourism

As a kind of capital, the tourism ecological environment has a great impact on the tourism economy. Starting from the factors that affect the tourism economy, the relationship between environment and economy in tourism development, as well as environmental benefits and economic benefits, are analyzed, and the costs and benefits in tourism development are preliminarily discussed.

As a kind of capital, the ecological environment has a great impact on the tourism economy. Starting from the factors that affect the tourism economy, the relationship between the environment and the economy, as well as the environmental and economic benefits in tourism development are analyzed, and the costs and benefits in tourism development are preliminarily discussed.

7. Ecological benefits of rural tourism

Projects suitable for rural village committees to start a business and get rich include farmhouses, rural aquaculture, rural preschool education, bee breeding, agricultural park development, and rural labor force Markets, agricultural supplies stores, aquaculture, tourism development, etc.

With the development of the times, starting a business in rural village committees has become much easier than before.

Starting a business in rural areas has become a popular way of life at this stage, and it has also become a way for many people

3. At the end of the month, prepare accounting vouchers for accrual, amortization, and carryover, and summarize all accounting Vouchers, prepare accounting voucher summary table, and register the general ledger according to the accounting voucher summary table.

4. Checkout and reconciliation. Make sure the accounts are consistent, the accounts are consistent, and the accounts are consistent.

5. Prepare accounting statements with accurate figures and complete content, and conduct analysis and explanation.

6. Bind the accounting vouchers into a book and keep them properly. At the end of the month, you can collect similar original vouchers to fill in accounting vouchers, or you can fill them in at any time. But don't reverse the chronological order. Make accounting entries in accordance with the accounting rules of repaying everything borrowed and repaying everything borrowed.

Extended data

1. Characteristics and content of business cost and expense accounting for tourism service enterprises

1. Accounting characteristics

(1) Tourism service companies operate many projects, so accounting also has different contents and methods. These projects include travel agencies, guest rooms, bus rentals and other services, merchandise distribution, and catering production and services. For production and service businesses, cost accounting includes aggregate cost accounting, business cost accounting for commodity operating items, and business and administrative expense accounting for travel agencies and room services.

(2) Compared with industrial enterprises, the main characteristic of tourism service enterprises is that the latter is a manufacturer of material products, and the main object of accounting is the manufacturing process, while the former is a tourism service enterprise, and the main object of accounting is Product distribution and various service processes. Therefore, the business cost accounting of tourism service enterprises has its own characteristics.

(3) The cost items and expenses of tourism service enterprises are mainly divided into operating costs and operating expenses. Administrative expenses and financial expenses are calculated separately as current expenses and are directly deducted from the operating income of each period.

2. Contents of enterprise cost accounting. The cost items of tourism service enterprises are generally divided according to cost elements, namely business costs, business expenses, auxiliary business expenses, management expenses and financial expenses. Among them, auxiliary operating expenses are allocated at the end of the period and amortized into various operating expenses.

So the two subjects of operating cost and operating expenses are used to calculate the costs and expenses of each business department of the enterprise. Overhead expenses are a company's administrative expenses and are non-commercial. Financial expenses refer to interest expenses, exchange losses, financial institution procedures and other expenses. The detailed items of operating costs and operating expenses are introduced as follows:

(1) Detailed items of operating costs:

Catering operating costs: including various food raw materials, beverages, seasonings, ingredients, etc. actual cost. Consumed by restaurants, bars, cafes and other sectors during operations.

Cost of goods sold: refers to the purchase price of goods sold.

Car operating costs: refer to the accounting system of transportation companies, that is, the actual costs incurred in taxi operations, including driver wages, fuel costs, material costs, tire costs, depreciation costs, maintenance costs, road maintenance costs, Amortization of low-value consumables, uniform fees and other direct expenses, etc.

The operating costs of a travel agency include various fees, such as room fees, meals, transportation fees, hospitality fees, luggage fees, ticket fees, admission fees, professional activity fees, visa fees, and accompanying fees , labor costs, publicity fees, insurance fees, airport fees, etc. The operating costs of service enterprises such as photography, washing and dyeing, and repair mainly refer to the cost of raw materials consumed.

(2) Detailed items of operating expenses

Reference source:

The construction of beautiful countryside from 2010 to 2015 is to promote the scientific development of rural economy and society and improve the quality of life of farmers. , an important measure to accelerate the process of urban-rural integration and build a happy Dabu, which is the main starting point to promote the construction of new rural areas and the construction of ecological civilization. According to the requirements of provincial and municipal documents and combined with the actual situation of our county, this implementation plan is specially formulated.

1. Guiding ideology

Under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development, we will comprehensively implement the construction of a happy countryside and build a beautiful countryside

Through the construction of beautiful villages, we will further Explore the development ideas of building a happy and harmonious Dabu, accelerate the construction of the four major projects of ecological human settlements, ecological environment, ecological economy, and ecological culture, make every effort to build a Hakka Shangri-La, build an international slow city, and do a good job in Hounan Village, Houbei Village, and Julio Town. The construction of county-level demonstration villages such as Kuikeng Village and Xiaoliu Village in Hema Town is steadily advancing from point to area. By the end of 2015, the beautiful countryside construction of 100 administrative villages in the county will be completed, and the county will be promoted into a beautiful countryside that is a livable tourist resort and a place where people can live and work in peace and contentment.

1. Accelerate the development of rural ecological economy. Agriculture and eco-tourism are developing rapidly, orchards have been turned into parks, and exquisite and efficient agriculture has become more prominent.

2. The rural ecological environment is continuously optimized. Rural garbage and sewage have been effectively treated, the appearance of villages and the level of greening and beautification have been continuously improved, the countryside is covered with parks, and the living environment has been significantly improved.

3. The rural living environment has been improved. The rural population has gathered, children's schooling, medical and health care, transportation conditions and living environment have all been improved. The channels for farmers to increase their income have increased, and their living standards have continued to improve.

4. Rural ecological culture is increasingly prosperous. The ecological culture with rural characteristics has been effectively discovered, protected and promoted, the concept of ecological civilization has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and a healthy and civilized lifestyle has taken initial shape.

Three. Basic principles

1. Adhere to scientific planning. Adhere to planning first, adapt to local conditions, connect the beautiful countryside construction plan with the economic and social development plan, agricultural and tourism development plan, cultural characteristic industries, etc., advance in an orderly manner, achieve the combination of development and protection, and highlight sustainable development.

2. Adhere to people-oriented. Always put the interests of farmers first, mobilize the masses to participate extensively, integrate social forces, respect the wishes of farmers, guide farmers to vigorously develop the ecological economy, consciously protect the ecological environment, and accelerate the construction of ecological homes.

3. Insist on protection. According to the actual situation of each village, we highlight the key points and pay attention to exploring ecological concepts with rich cultural heritage such as traditional farming and human settlements, protecting during development, and building during protection. Based on the restoration of the old, one village, one scene, one industry, one village, one characteristic, we highlight the beautiful countryside and build rural tourism destinations with high standards.

4. Adhere to ecological priority. Follow the laws of natural development, effectively protect the rural ecological environment, display rural agricultural ecological characteristics, develop ecological characteristic agriculture around rural ecological economy, ecological settlements, ecological environment, and ecological culture, and build Dabu Park.

5. Insist on integrating forces. The construction of beautiful countryside is organically combined with the construction of happy countryside projects, rural tourism development, and farmers' transformation with the construction of housing and ecological villages. It is project driven, resource integrated, and jointly promoted.

6. Adhere to overall advancement. After careful analysis and combining the characteristics of each village, each town will focus on the construction of more than two demonstration sites, reasonably determine the construction goals of each village, implement them step by step, and improve the landscape point by point.

Four. Construction content

(1) Promoting ecological habitat projects. According to scientific planning, the first step is to transform the old villages. Demolish dilapidated buildings in the village, mobilize and relocate empty villages and people living in scattered areas, merge natural villages as much as possible, centralize residences, implement unified planning, and build new rural areas with reasonable layout, supporting facilities, beautiful environment, and good ecology. The second is to renovate dilapidated houses. In conjunction with poverty alleviation work, we will strengthen guidance on housing planning for farmers, improve farmers' standard housing to make it safe, practical and beautiful, and promote the renovation of dilapidated rural houses and wall and facade renovation to improve visual effects. The third is the forest transformation stage. According to the characteristics of each village, measures such as new planting, replanting, and fences are adopted to optimize and beautify the forest landscape, especially the green landscape belts along highways and rivers, to improve ecological benefits and landscape effects. The green coverage rate of villagers in residential areas should reach more than 30%. The fourth is to transform facilities. Improve roads, water supply, drainage, power supply, communications, network and other infrastructure. The village has a complete water supply and drainage system, a reasonable pipe network layout, drinking tap water that meets national drinking water hygiene standards, and a household enrollment rate of 100. The installation rate of street lights on major roads and public places has reached more than 95%.

For the traffic arteries and main entrances and exits of villages and towns in beautiful rural construction, the overall style and characteristics should be designed and shaped to be bright, simple, natural and integrated with the surrounding environment, highlighting the Hakka style and regional characteristics.

(2) Promote ecological environment projects. In accordance with the clean and beautiful environment of the village, highlight key points, connect them into areas, improve mechanisms, and effectively carry out improvement projects such as road improvement, water improvement, toilet improvement, garbage disposal, sewage treatment, and advertising cleaning.

1. Rural domestic waste management. Comprehensively promote household collection, rural collection and urban transportation, and rationally set up garbage transfer stations and collection points to ensure that every household has a garbage bin, natural villages have garbage collection pools, administrative villages are responsible for garbage collection, and cities and towns have landfills to ensure rural cleanliness health.

2. Rural domestic sewage treatment. Clean open pits, simple toilets and garbage rooms in rural areas, regulate and standardize the discharge of domestic sewage, fully implement harmless sanitary toilets, build at least one sanitary toilet in each village, vigorously promote the construction of rural household biogas, and use biogas pools and biological oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands to carry out rural sewage treatment and improve the self-purification capacity of water bodies.

3. Control of rural livestock and poultry pollution. According to the characteristics of the village, we should rationally plan and rectify the phenomenon of throwing dead livestock and poultry into streams and rivers in rural areas, and mobilize the masses to landfill. Contaminated pig pens and cow sheds should be demolished. Village livestock and poultry farmers should separate human settlements from livestock and poultry breeding, and separate production areas from living areas. Livestock and poultry farms should be fully equipped with biogas projects to achieve harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure.

4. Reorganize advertisements and road signs. In accordance with standardization, safety and aesthetics, billboards and street signs within the public view of roads, rivers, villages, etc. will be cleaned up, and billboards that hinder the view, are not approved or have incomplete procedures will be resolutely removed. Develop advertising layout control plans and standardize various types of traffic warning signs, tourist signs, billboards, etc.

5. Renovate illegal buildings. According to who builds, who owns, and who cleans up, we must resolutely demolish illegal buildings and haphazard construction, rectify and restore abandoned sites, build rural parks, rectify and standardize the problems of rural power supply, Internet, TV, and telephones.

2. Develop rural eco-tourism. Utilize rural forest landscape, pastoral scenery, landscape resources and rural culture to develop rural leisure tourism with its own characteristics, and strive to create towns and villages with unique characteristics. Accelerate the formation of a rural leisure tourism development pattern with key scenic spots as the leader and backbone scenic spots as the support. Based on farmhouse leisure tourism, we will build a world tourism and leisure destination. Old revolutionary areas with a long history and famous historical and cultural towns and villages should develop red tourism and highlight the characteristics of patriotic education; in villages with unique natural ecological conditions and landscapes, it is necessary to enhance the natural leisure characteristics, develop ecological tourism, and gradually guide traditional farming to agriculture The development of high value-added rural tourism such as sightseeing, farming experience, characteristic farms, and farmhouses. In accordance with the concept of Dabu Grand Park, existing orchards and tea gardens are used to build fruit gardens, tea gardens and other characteristic ecological parks to create a Hakka Shangri-La and an international tourism slow city.

3. Develop low-consumption and low-emission industries in rural areas. According to the ecological functional zone planning requirements, strict industrial access thresholds are imposed, and water source protection areas, river source areas and reservoir areas are strictly protected. Promote ceramic companies to gather in county ceramic industrial parks, strictly implement pollutant emission standards, and focus on pollution control. Promote technological innovation promotion projects and backward production capacity elimination promotion projects in rural areas, implement green technologies such as recycling, reduction and reuse to adjust rural industrial structures and continuously enhance rural economic strength.

(4) Promote ecological cultural projects. In accordance with the physical and mental beauty of rural civilization, we should aim to improve farmers' ecological civilization quality, form a new trend of rural ecological civilization, enhance villagers' concept of sustainable development, and build a harmonious rural ecological and cultural system.

1. Cultivate characteristic cultural villages. Formulate a protection plan for rural characteristic cultural villages and formulate protection policies. On the basis of fully excavating and protecting historical and cultural relics such as ancient villages, ancient dwellings, ancient buildings, ancient and valuable trees, and folk culture, we should optimize and beautify the living environment of the villages, and cultivate traditional villages with profound historical and cultural heritage into traditional civilization and modern A characteristic cultural village with an organic combination of civilizations.

In particular, it is necessary to explore the rich ecological ideas in traditional farming culture, landscape culture, and human settlement culture, and build characteristic cultural villages into an important base for promoting rural ecological culture.

2. Carry out publicity and education. Carry out civilized village creation activities and take improving farmers' ecological civilization quality as an important content. Make full use of various publicity tools and forms, use all cultural positions, vigorously carry out various forms of ecological civilization and reproductive culture knowledge publicity, and form a new trend of rural ecological civilization.

3. Change your lifestyle. Combined with the evaluation of rural style and civilization, we will carry out mass ecological civilization creation activities, guide farmers to pursue scientific, healthy, civilized, and low-carbon production, life and behavior, advocate ecological funeral culture, and adopt the method of deep burial or deep burial in graves along the highway or in the village. Green coverage and other measures will be used to renovate and rebuild the natural ecological landscape of roads and villages.

4. Promote rural social harmony. Comprehensively implement the village affairs disclosure system, actively promote the working mechanism of the four modernizations and one core in rural areas with the village party organization as the core, the legalization of democratic elections, the proceduralization of democratic decision-making, the standardization of democratic management, and the institutionalization of democratic supervision, so as to rationally adjust rural interests and orderly Guide farmers' reasonable demands, effectively resolve rural conflicts and disputes, and maintain harmony and stability in rural society.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) safeguards

1. Strengthen organizational leadership.

2. Implement work responsibilities. All towns (fields) and relevant units must effectively follow the division of responsibilities for beautiful rural construction, each assume their own responsibilities, strengthen linkage, integrate projects, and work together to advance. According to who is responsible and who is responsible, the beautiful countryside implementation plan is formulated and implemented for construction operations. Village committees should conscientiously carry out villagers' resolution meetings and villager representative meetings, and do a good job in publicity, organization, implementation and management services for beautiful rural construction.

3. Scientifically prepare construction plans. To build a beautiful countryside, we must listen extensively to the opinions of grassroots and farmers, improve the scientificity, democracy and feasibility of planning, and scientifically prepare a beautiful countryside construction plan in accordance with the requirements of the "Three Represents". Livable life, beautiful environment, supporting facilities, refine the ecological functional positioning of production, life, and services in the area, and clarify the time and requirements for the construction of various projects such as garbage, sewage, toilet renovation, and greening.

4. Increase capital investment. In accordance with the principle of concentrating financial resources to do big things, rationally use fiscal policies, mobilize the masses to participate, integrate social forces, increase investment, especially mobilize social capital to provide financial guarantee for the construction of beautiful countryside.

5. Create a good atmosphere. Give full play to the role of mainstream media such as television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet, carry out various and lively publicity and education activities, summarize and publicize advanced models, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care about, support, and supervise the construction of beautiful countryside. Through planning publicity, expert hearings, project construction, etc. Extensively mobilize and guide industrial and commercial enterprises, private entrepreneurs, overseas Chinese and caring people to participate in supporting the construction of beautiful countryside.

6. Strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations. Based on the living conditions of the rural population, with rural communities as nodes, the members and rights of rural collective economic organizations remain unchanged, and the principle of localized management of community residents is explored to establish a new model of central village organizations. We will carry out in-depth activities to strive for excellence, select the best and strengthen the village committee, constantly optimize the structure of village cadres, and provide organizational guarantee for the construction of beautiful countryside.

7. Assessment, rewards and punishments. Starting from 2013, the county will conduct performance assessments on the creation of beautiful rural demonstration villages in each town every year, and the assessment methods will be formulated separately. For township-level demonstration villages that meet the assessment standards, each village will be rewarded xx million yuan, and demonstration villages and counties that fail to meet the assessment standards will be notified and criticized.