Geologist Huang Jiqing - commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Huang Jiqing

Editor’s Note Mr. Huang Jiqing is one of the pioneers and founders of China’s geological undertakings. He devoted his whole life to the cause of geology, and made particularly outstanding achievements in biostratigraphy, regional geology, geotectonics, oil and gas geology, etc., and made great contributions to my country's geological science. Currently, our country is facing a severe resource and environmental situation. We must inherit and carry forward the lofty patriotism, rigorous academic attitude and noble moral sentiments of the older generation of geoscientists such as Huang Jiqing, and bravely shoulder the responsibilities assigned by the country and the people. historical mission. On the eve of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Huang Jiqing, this newspaper specially publishes this article to deeply commemorate this internationally renowned geological master.

March 30 this year is the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mr. Huang Jiqing. We miss him deeply!

Mr. Huang Jiqing is the pioneer and foundation of my country’s geological undertakings. One of the people. He is knowledgeable, profound, knowledgeable in Chinese and Western studies, and has written numerous books. He is a well-known geologist at home and abroad. He devoted his whole life to the cause of geology and left rich spiritual wealth for future generations.

1. He made epoch-making contributions to geological theory and geological prospecting

He was the founder of the study of Permian stratigraphy in China and initiated the Permian three-part scheme. , which laid the foundation for the division of Permian strata in China and even the world.

This division scheme is basically consistent with the Permian division scheme of the international stratigraphic table published by the International Union of Geosciences in 2000. In the international stratigraphic table, the upper Permian system uses the name Leping System. .

He was an early pioneer in regional geological surveys in China. He edited and completed the national geological map and a set of comprehensive geological maps for the first time.

The 1:1 million geological map of the Qinling Mountains and "Research on the Geology of the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan" written by him in 1931 are among the best regional geological monographs published in my country's early period. From 1947 to 1949, he edited and published 14 international 1:1 million geological maps of China and 1:3 million Chinese geological maps, which were the first national geological maps compiled by my country's geological circles and provided an important reference to the national geological maps of the 1950s. Large-scale mineral survey exploration and 1:200,000 geological survey have played a direct guiding role. In the 1960s, he presided over the compilation of a set of 1:1 million international comprehensive geological maps of China, which were the crystallization of half a century of labor and wisdom of Chinese geologists, including 49 geological maps and 48 mineral distribution maps. , 29 geotectonic maps, and 28 maps of endogenous metal mineralization patterns. It was also a pioneering work in the history of world geological mapping at that time, and it still has practical reference value today.

He is the founder of Chinese geotectonics, created the Chinese geotectonic theoretical system, and put forward the famous thesis of multi-cycle tectonic movement.

In the book "Main Geological Tectonic Units of China" (English version) published in 1945, he used the idea of ??activity theory to systematically divide China's geotectonic cycles and basic tectonic units, and comprehensively discussed China and its The geotectonic characteristics and evolution history of adjacent areas put forward the famous conclusion of multi-cycle tectonic movement and established the theoretical system of Chinese geotectonics. It is known as a classic work of Chinese geotectonics and has great influence on my country's earth science research, regional geological surveys and mineral resources. Census and exploration played an important guiding role. In the 1970s, he guided Ren Jishun and others to compile and publish a 1:4 million geotectonic map of China and the monograph "Chinese Geotectonics and Its Evolution", which combined multi-cycle academic ideas with plate tectonics and detailed the geotectonic map of China for the first time. The plate suture zones in China were plotted, and based on global dynamics, China and adjacent areas were divided into three major tectonic domains: Paleo-Asia, Tethys, and Primordial (Rim) Pacific. "The Evolution of the Tethys Sea in China and Adjacent Areas" published in 1987, based on the rich data from my country's Qinghai-Tibet expedition and geological survey, made a comprehensive summary of the tectonic evolution of the East Tethys, abandoning the ancient Tethys theory of Western scholars. The concept of Tethys or permanent Tethys was proposed, and important ideas such as the main suture zone of north and south Tethys and interchange structural domains were put forward.

He is the discoverer of China's first industrial natural gas field, the Shengdengshan Gas Field, and the chief engineer of the first round of national petroleum census. He has made immortal contributions to the discovery of a series of large oil and gas fields such as Daqing.

In 1937, as acting director of the Central Geological Survey, he cooperated with Gu Weijun's China Kerosene Exploration Company and selected Sun Jianchu and American experts J.M. Weller and F.A. Sutton hired by the company to form the Northwest Petroleum Expedition Team. The Laojunmiao structure, my country's first industrial oil field, was discovered. In 1938, he and Chen Bingfan (a young geologist from the Geological Survey) investigated the geological structure of Shengdeng Mountain in Longchang, arranged drilling holes, and discovered Sichuan Shengdeng Mountain natural gas field for the first time using modern methods - my country's first industrial gas field. In the same year, he led a team to conduct petroleum geological surveys in Ziliujing, Wutongqiao, Jiading and other places in Sichuan. Natural gas seedlings were discovered in the Maokou limestone in Tongjiezi on the bank of the Dadu River, correcting the German scholar Salfeld's theory that Sichuan natural gas comes from Upper Permian coal. The erroneous view is that the relationship and economic value are small. From 1938 to 1941, he led young geologists such as Yue Xixin, He Chunsun, Chen Bingfan, Zeng Dingqian, Zhu Xia, and Chen Ben to conduct 1:10,000 geological mapping and oil and gas surveys in the Weiyuan area of ??Sichuan, preparing for the discovery of the Weiyuan gas field. The preliminary geological basic work was carried out. The "Xinjiang Oilfield Geological Survey Report" published in 1947 was the first petroleum geological survey monograph officially published in my country. He proposed the theory of continental oil generation and the theory of multi-stage and multi-layer oil generation and storage. He believed that continental strata can also form specific oil formations. Oil fields of great economic value.

From 1955 to 1957, Mr. Huang Jiqing, who was a member of the Standing Committee of the Census Committee of the Ministry of Geology, chief engineer of the Bureau of Petroleum Geology, and consultant to the Ministry of Petroleum, guided the first round of petroleum censuses in my country, which included Songliao and North China (i.e. The discovery of a series of large oil fields in the Bohai Bay and other basins has made an indelible contribution. On June 11, 1955, the Petroleum Survey Committee issued the Songliao Plain Petroleum Survey Design Document, which was instructed and personally revised by Huang Jiqing. The Northeast Geological Bureau dispatched a survey team headed by Han Jingxing to begin the exploration of the Daqing oil field. On September 26, 1959, oil came out of the Songji San Well, announcing the discovery of the Daqing Oil Field. In March 1957, Huang Jiqing presented a 1:3 million China oil-bearing prospect zoning map at the Petroleum Survey Professional Conference of the Ministry of Geology, and made an academic report on "Preliminary Opinions on my country's Oil-bearing Prospect Zoning", including Songliao, North China, The four major basins of Sichuan and Ordos are regarded as key prospective areas. Mark it in bright orange. He said: "It is correct to focus on the four major regions of Ordos, Sichuan, North China and Songliao within four to five years." "The work in Tarim should be mainly based on geophysical prospecting, which is the largest area, in order to prepare for the second five-year period." Plan, it is necessary to do work here."

Mr. Huang Jiqing's foresight lies in the main areas of the first round of oil census-Songliao, Bohai Bay, Sichuan, Ordos, and Qaidam. The eight basins of Junggar, Turpan and Tarim are currently the most important oil and gas producing areas in mainland my country.

In September 1984, Mr. Huang Jiqing went to Urumqi to attend the third Tarim Oil and Gas Resources Symposium. When the prospects were unclear and people were uncertain, he delivered a long academic speech, comprehensively analyzing the oil and gas geology of the basin, pointing out the importance of multi-stage and multi-layer oil and gas generation and storage, and spoke highly of the oil and gas prospects of the basin. In the early morning of September 22, Well Shashen 2 spewed out high-yield oil and gas flow from the Ordovician limestone, achieving a major breakthrough in oil search in Tarim.

2. He has worked hard for 70 years, and his scientific spirit of rigorous scholarship, truth-seeking and truth-seeking has shown to future generations

"Strictness" and "truth" are the soul of Mr. Huang Jiqing's unique academic style . From his field records to his masterpieces, "strictness" and "seriousness" always run through his entire scientific research and academic activities. Mr. Huang's field records were detailed and his sketches were exquisite. Soviet experts in the 1950s were greatly impressed when they saw it: "It can be used as a textbook without processing."

Mr. Huang said: "I have never done theoretical research. Adopt a risky approach and don't make a blockbuster. There are two steps to learning: the first step is what; the second step is why.

If you still don't know whether it is black or white, then you talk about why it is black or why it is white. Wouldn't it be deceiving yourself and others?" He repeatedly warned his students: "You can't build a building with three bricks. Don't jump to conclusions without a lot of actual material as a basis. Researching a problem is like hitting a snake, you have to hit the 7 inches. Otherwise, it seems that he was beaten to death, but he came back to life after a while. Beat him to death, no matter who comes, he will not survive. Killing a problem is contribution and truly solving the problem. No matter who looks at it, no matter how great the experts are, they can’t overturn it, and they can’t overturn it even after decades. This is what you have made a contribution to this problem. He doesn't like to be submissive and opposes blind obedience. He often motivates his students by saying, "Don't be superstitious about experts, don't be superstitious about authority, and of course, don't be superstitious about me, Huang Jiqing." He said: "If a student surpasses a teacher, it does not mean that the teacher is incompetent, but that the teacher is incompetent." Quite the opposite. Whatever the teacher has said, if students cannot change or add to it, won’t their careers end here?” Under his advocacy and influence, the academic atmosphere in the Geotectonic Room of the Institute of Geology was very active, and the academic debate was extremely lively. The research results are unique in the field of geoscience in China.

Being open-minded in learning and respecting others are the distinctive features of Mr. Huang Jiqing’s scientific spirit. He has always respected the scientific research and academic activities of his peers, colleagues, students and juniors. In 1956, Chen Guoda's first paper on platform activation was sent to him for review by the Journal of Geology, and he immediately expressed approval for publication after reading it. After the Cultural Revolution, he enthusiastically helped transfer Mr. Li Chunyu back to Beijing to study plate tectonics and completed the The ambition of compiling and publishing the "Tectonic Map of Asia"; in 1993, the 90th anniversary of Zhang Bosheng's birth, he wrote an inscription: "High and low show the wave motion of the earth's crust, and the strips show the mosaic pattern of the continent."

3. His great personality and noble conduct are admired by domestic academic circles

Mr. Huang Jiqing had great ambitions in his youth and was determined to serve the country. In 1928, the 24-year-old Mr. Huang wrote a poem to express his ambition: "Man. Aspiring to be more heroic is like being a president but a rich man. I wish I could step on the peaks of the Phils and drink in the clear skies of the Pamirs. "What an ambition! What a heroic spirit!

Mr. Huang Jiqing is patriotic, dedicated, and unswervingly determined. As mountains and rivers change, everything changes. Mr. Huang's loyalty to the motherland, science, and geology has changed over time. , growing day by day, and in his twilight years, he became more energetic and devoted himself to the geological cause of the motherland and the resource exploration of the motherland. In 1994, at a meeting to celebrate his 70th anniversary of engaging in geological work, he said emotionally: "As I die. In 2016, one major event that has always been on my mind is the establishment of the Xinjiang Economic Development Zone focusing on the oil and natural gas in the Tarim Basin... The Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin are very rich in oil and natural gas, and they are the 'successors' of the oil fields in eastern China. … It is hoped that within 15 to 20 years, Xinjiang will become the economic leader in western China and make people of all ethnic groups prosperous. Regardless of his advanced age, he wrote the book "The Evolution of the Tethys Sea in China and Neighboring Areas". After finishing the manuscript, he was very tired, but he comforted himself by saying: "I have squeezed out all the oil." "This is Mr. Huang Jiqing, a master of science and a loyal son of the motherland!

Mr. Huang Jiqing is open-minded, honest, sincere, and upright. Weng Wenhao is a pioneer in my country's geological cause and has become famous at home and abroad in his early years. Although he later entered politics, he played an irreplaceable role in the creation and development of China's geological undertakings. In 1940, Mr. Huang resigned from the Geological Survey Institute angrily because he was dissatisfied with Mr. Weng Wenhao's insistence on giving priority to the company run by private comprador Kong Xiangxi. The industry was shocked: On the one hand, Huang and Weng had always had a good relationship. Would resignation be too hurtful to Weng? On the other hand, abandoning an official position was rare at the time, not to mention that it would offend the powerful Kong family. However. In the early 1950s, when Mr. Weng resolutely returned to the motherland, Mr. Huang did not avoid political suspicion and suggested to Premier Zhou that Mr. Weng should serve as the director of the Geological Library. In the 1990s, Mr. Huang ignored his old age. Although he was weak, he personally directed the publication of "The Selected Works of Weng Wenhao".

Mr. Huang Jiqing insisted on the truth and dared to speak out. This is very worrying.

In the late period of the Cultural Revolution, he wore the label of "reactionary academic authority" and took great risks to express his opinions directly to the leaders of the scientific and technological circles at that time. After the "Cultural Revolution", he wrote to Comrade Deng Xiaoping twice and received Comrade Deng Xiaoping's approval.

Mr. Huang Jiqing is people-oriented and attaches great importance to talent cultivation. He said: "To attach great importance to cultivating geological talents is to attach importance to the development and future of geological science." From 1937, when Mr. Huang served as the director of the old China Geological Survey until his death, he has held administrative and professional and technical leadership positions for more than half a century. Although he has never worked as a full-time teacher, he has many talents all over the world. All those who have worked under him and been taught by him sincerely claim to be his disciples or students. He put great effort into the training of his young students, from making cards and drawing sketches to selecting topics and setting research directions, with specific guidance and careful arrangements. He paid special attention to field training. From 1939 to 1941, through the 1:10,000 geological mapping of the Weiyuan area, he brought out a generation of famous geologists such as Zhu Xia and Zeng Dingqian; in 1957, he also led the Sino-Soviet cooperation Nanling Regional Geological Survey Team and the young technicians of the Institute of Geology Personnel conducted field training in southern Hunan and northern Guangdong; in the 1960s, he twice led organization staff to "train" in Xishan, Beijing. He paid special attention to field records and sketches, requiring everyone to draw and take notes on the spot, and never allowed "memoirs" afterwards. Mr. Huang cultivates talents in an eclectic way, and many of them have now become masters or master-level scientists and leaders in various disciplines.

Mr. Huang Jiqing is one of the founders of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and has devoted all his efforts to the planning, organization and technological innovation of the scientific research work of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. In his later years, as the honorary president of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, he always cared about the reform and development of the academy. In the glorious history of the Academy of Geological Sciences, Mr. Huang has played an indispensable role!

Currently, our country is in a new historical period of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. The strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents is vigorously promoting our country’s economy. Comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of society. We commemorate Mr. Huang Jiqing in order to learn from his noble character, inherit and carry forward his rigorous and realistic scientific spirit, let geological research work play a major role in the development of earth sciences and solve my country's resource and environmental problems, and make new contributions to the motherland and the people. contribute.

(Originally published in "China Land and Resources News" on March 24, 2004)