The common saying nursery rhymes for Chaoshan people to "surpass"

"Where there is tide, there is chaozhou people." Although this statement is somewhat exaggerated, it is true that "there is a Chaoshan in China and a Chaoshan abroad". It is not unreasonable for hipsters at home and abroad to call "Song of National Wind" "Homesick Song of Hipsters".

There is a goose at the top of the sky. My brother has a wife and my brother doesn't.

My brother is called uncle, and my uncle is helpless.

Carry a bag across Siam (Thailand) and go to Siam to get a pig brother (to get a boar to breed).

If you earn money, you can add or subtract it and send it to Tangshan to marry your wife.

This song shows that hipsters have the nature of "it is easy to get together, and it will be fun to get together". They make a living abroad, unite and help each other, but do not force others, relying on their own "bones and flesh", hard work and intelligence. Happy when you are happy, happy when you are in pain, and singing is your heart. This is the connotation of Chaoshan's "crossing Fan Song".

There is no choice but to make sweet cakes.

"You can't make cookies" is a Chaoshan proverb. In the Qing dynasty, a large number of people flooded into Nanyang to make a living. Every time they cross the ocean, the fastest time takes more than ten days. If there is a big wave, the trip is difficult to predict. Therefore, if the influx exceeds the number of times, they will ask their families to make sweet cakes (brown sugar rice cakes). Because sweet cakes are not perishable and easy to carry, they can be used as food.

The Chaoshan area has a long history of emigrating overseas, which was recorded before the Yuan Dynasty, so it has always been homesick and full of national feelings. The traditional concept of "parents are here, don't travel far" and "flesh and blood are connected" is deeply rooted. Who wants to make a living far from home? However, in the Hanjiang Delta, Fiona Fang was less than 900 square kilometers in ancient times, accounting for only 30% of the total area of the region. The rest are mountains and hills, and the southeast is an endless sea. Therefore, there is a saying that "three out of ten people are islands, four out of ten people are water, and there is little arable land".

Because of this, although Chaoshan people are smart and diligent, they have turned hillsides, roadsides, pools, ditches and cemeteries into cultivated land. Farming is like embroidery, and intercropping seeds also yields several crops throughout the year. But how can we make a living with a small land and a large population? Therefore, for a long time, I lived a half-starved life. It is common for hipsters living in mountainous areas to eat two sweet potatoes and one porridge every day. As recorded in the relevant history books: "Even if there is a good year, it is not enough for March." Coupled with tyranny, troubled times, natural disasters and man-made disasters, it is inevitable to leave home and make a living overseas.

The older generation said, "Grandfather's generation is very bitter. How can there be a sailboat? " ? They all tied their bamboo rafts to make boats, cooked cookies for their own meals, propped up broken quilts as sails, tied one end to their waists, and tied the other end to the bamboo rafts with ropes or tarpaulins, crossing the black water across seven continents. In case of heavy wind and waves, the bamboo raft capsized and people fell into the water, so they got up and drove as usual. Those lucky enough can escape to Siam when foreign ships call for help. "How can that little bamboo raft withstand the big waves on seven continents? Many people can only drift to nearby islands and wait for passing ships. Therefore, Chaoshan folk ballad goes: "Chop firewood and wait for starvation. Helpless, sold. "Among them," Song of Fan Guo "was sung in Chaozhou's" Five Lively Tones "(Sad Tone):

A stream is full of juice, a boat is crowded with people, and a bathing cloth is always there.

Money sent back, don't forget your parents' wife's room.

The steamer sailed through seven continents and never saw my hometown again.

Whether it is good or bad depends on life. I don't know when I will return to the cold kiln.

At the end of Qing Dynasty, imperialists plundered hipsters in Chaoshan and sold coolies across the ocean. They set up various "recruitment bureaus" in Chaoshan, which hipsters call "pig trading". For example, foreign companies such as Deji in Britain and Yuanxing in the Netherlands have set up "pig houses" in Shantou. The "pigs" who sold themselves were locked in iron cages and shipped overseas, and countless people died.

174 1 year, the governor of the Dutch East India Company, Vagnian, massacred Chinese workers in Batavia, Java, causing more than 1 10,000 deaths, which became the "Red River Massacre" that shocked China and foreign countries in history. However, instead of condemning foreigners, the Qing government said that its own people were "stubborn and fierce, and they were abandoned by China", and claimed to the inside and outside that "the people of China did not hesitate to carry their ancestors' graves and went abroad for profit, but the court did not listen to them". The situation of migrant workers can be imagined.

Near 1876, there are more than 20 "pigsty" and "Goo Li Xing" in Chaoshan. Chaoshan people are desperate and forced to cross the ocean to make a living. There are many related "songs", such as:

The Siamese boat, with water all the way, will live and die together today.

If you can't earn food, you will become a ghost and hate it.

Panicked and busy, he went up the mountain to do heavy work.

Sunrise is divided into exposure (sunshine) and rain is divided into showers.

I carry big Chinese fir (big wood) and I work day and night.

The cabin I live in is really worse than shrimp.

After crossing Blackwater (seven continents) and eating bitter water,

Pay the running water full of worries;

Want to be a mountain (inheritance), not to Tangshan,

The bones of the old man return to Yishan (tomb group).

"Anti-skin" Yin Qian Tangshan Fu

According to A Brief History of Overseas Chinese in Chaoshan, from 1869 to 1948, the total number of people in Chaoshan reached more than 5.8 million. By the end of the 20th century, the population had soared to more than 654.38+million, which is equivalent to the current population of Chaoshan, so there is a saying that there is a Chaoshan in China and a Chaoshan abroad.

Just like this, a considerable number of Chaoshan people in China make a living by "criticism", so there is a saying that "criticizing money and silver is the blessing of Tangshan", and "criticism" has also become the bond between Chaoshan people's life and family.

Many Chaoshan people have written home after crossing the ocean to report their safety as soon as possible. For example, Chen Jinbing of Chaoan Chencuo, 1 1 arrived in Malaysia on the first day of the month, 1936, and sent a letter of peace to his mother on the third day, borrowing 6 yuan money from relatives and friends and sending it to her first to reassure her. Yang Jie, an overseas Chinese in Thailand, sent his wife Guanshan Town 50,000 yuan of national currency from his hometown Chenghai and a bloody sentence-"Redeem my daughter as soon as I see the letter", which became life-saving money.

In the early days, hipsters chose honest, upright and reliable people from their peers and fellow villagers to deliver letters and property for them. These people have been walking on the ocean channel for a long time and are very familiar with the route to and from Chaozhou and Nanyang. At first they were called "water walkers", and later they were called "water passengers".

As more and more people "invade South Asia" and "roam the waters", professional overseas Chinese examination and approval bureaus have emerged, such as the "Direct Eight Regiments" founded by Singaporean businessman Huang Jiying and the "Fishing Village Examination and Approval Bureau" established by Chenghai Huang Songting in Shantou. No matter the early "water passengers" or the late "batch bureau", the "batch" was transported by "red-headed ships" between Nanyang and Chaoshan. According to the memories of the older generation: "In September of the lunar calendar, typhoons were rare, and the red-headed ship returned from Nanyang. Chenghai Zhanglin Port is more lively than the Chinese New Year. " Therefore, there is a folk saying: "At the end of September, gongs and drums are loud." There is a "Guo Songfan" sings:

Foreign ships arrived, pigs were born, birds were born, and beans were taken to the shed.

Foreign ships sank, mother pig fainted, and birds and beans spread flies (insects).

A letter, silver two yuan, tells (wife) to work hard and not to worry.

Slaves know how to teach, and pigs know how to feed.

Work hard in the countryside until you make money,

I hurried home for a reunion.

From 1940 to 1945, due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, the "approval" was interrupted, and the relatives of overseas Chinese in Chaoshan had no way to borrow money. Many people have become beggars and lived in exile, some have been forced to remarry, some have sold their children and are in a miserable situation ... There is a "song of praise" that sings in a mournful tone of "living past five years old":

"Repeated criticism", without smoke,

Wandering around, begging for food,

My son starved to death, my mother remarried,

Lift the eye juice flow.

The author of Fan Song is from Chaoshan. They tell their miserable lives and experiences, expose the evils of the old society, and sing their own voices with their own experiences. Listeners share the same sadness, sorrow and happiness with singers ... Savoring "Fan Song" carefully and comparing the life of hipsters in the past and present makes people feel different.