Looking for composition materials”

Expert opinion

The first round of information is easier to trust

“In September, the Red Cross issued a notice through the local civil affairs bureaus, requiring employees of local units and enterprises to follow the Donate according to your working years..." This is a typical "Qin Huohuo" rumor. It points out the name of the specific organization and time, with a very affirmative tone, and sometimes imitates the writing of the news lead, which many people mistakenly believe is true.

In this regard, Chen Lidan, a professor of communication at the School of Journalism at Renmin University of China, said that such rumors that "look like they are true" cater to the public's curiosity about facts. Most people think that rumors are inaccurate and vague, and deterministic information is easier to gain trust. However, the rumors fabricated by "Qin Huohuo" sound very similar to news facts, including time, place, and people. , events and other detailed information will

increase the spread of rumors.

Many netizens have this feeling. The false information spread at first was impressive, but the rumors and the truth that appeared later were drowned and unknown. In this regard, Chen Lidan believes that the communication idea in the printing era is to understand everything first and try to publish accurate information to maintain social stability. But in the information age, the effect of "preempting others first" is obvious. Whether it is a rumor or the truth, information released in the first round is easier to gain trust.

He suggested that government departments or those whose rumors are being refuted should realize this law of communication, and when announcing the truth, they must seize the opportunity and announce it as early as possible. Moreover, they should not refute the rumors simply and crudely, and release more information than Rumors are more likely to be trusted if they are more accurate and specific.

Related links

Qin and Yang Lei said

"Internet hype must 'fool' netizens to make them feel that they are 'socially unfair' Judges, only by being anti-society and anti-system, can vent their dissatisfaction with reality

They must incite the emotions and emotions of netizens, and then remove the official positions that some people have climbed throughout their lives, and the honors that some people have won throughout their lives. Some people's wealth accumulated throughout their lives is destroyed overnight, and then a girl or a topic becomes popular among the three destroyed objects

. "Rumors don't stop with the wise, but stop with the next rumor."

Why fabricate rumors just to deceive fans

"Qin Huohuo" was originally named Qin Zhihui. He graduated from high school in 2002 Later, I worked in various places in Guangdong, Beijing, and Hunan. After changing jobs several times, I came to Beijing again and worked as a copywriter in the company, writing promotional materials for some forums and other activities. I don't know if it is because of work, but "Qin Huohuo" is extremely persistent in being "famous".

In 2010, Qin Zhihui came to work at Erma Company. In the same year, he created his first Weibo account "China Qin Huohuo". But his Weibo was not as prosperous as he expected. Instead, it has always been tepid and has no fans. In order to attract attention, in May and June 2011, "Qin Huohuo" actually wore a white shirt and squeezed onto the crowded Beijing Subway Lines 1 and 5

, holding up a Paper, showing it to strangers everywhere: "China Qin Huohuo, asking for attention and fans on Weibo." He kept talking plausibly until the person in front of him promised to "follow him when he gets back", and then he left with a smile. This video can still be found on the Internet, and he got a nickname on the Internet - "Brother Qiu Fan".

Until July 2011, "Qin Huohuo" finally embarked on his first stop of fame. But this step severely stepped on the grief of the families of the dead and injured and the public.

Pre-trial policeman Zhang Hui told reporters that after the "7·23" train accident, "Qin Huohuo" posted on Weibo saying: "@中国青火火: Just got the news The Ministry of Railways has agreed to compensate Sissi, the Italian victim in the high-speed train accident, for 30 million euros (equivalent to nearly 200 million yuan). It is reported that the Ministry of Railways has referred to the provisions on personal accidental injury in European law. Finally, we had to agree to this compensation agreement. If this compensation agreement is true, it will set a record for China’s highest external personal accident compensation.” This Weibo caused a stir in many people who did not know the truth. It is recognized that "the same fate has different prices".

Later, the Ministry of Railways responded that the matter was purely a rumor and reiterated that the same compensation and assistance standards for foreign passengers killed in the accident as for Chinese passengers killed in the accident would be applied.

Now that things have happened, "Qin Huohuo" admits, "There was no investigation and research on the hype of the '7·23' high-speed train accident. It was me who made a mistake, and I should take responsibility. I got mad when my brain got hot. I created this Weibo myself, and later the Ministry of Railways stated that it was fake and that it did not pay so much money."

But it was this rumor that made "Qin Huohuo" really popular. Well, a set of data touched him deeply, and he can still blurt it out to this day - in just two hours after it was posted on Weibo, it was retweeted more than 12,400 times, and his number of fans also increased. Finally, there was a rapid increase of more than 1,500 people. Although the rumor was refuted on Weibo two hours later, and the account of "China Qin Huohuo" was blocked as a result, "Qin Huo

Huo" still tasted the sweetness, and the "conventional means" were no longer To satisfy the needs of his rapidly growing fans, he has used more and more celebrities and hot-spot events to spread rumors, from attacking Zhang Haidi and Lei Feng to insulting Sima Nan (Weibo) and others. Some netizens began to call it "rumors spreading rumors about China" ".

In the past two years, one of his Weibo accounts would be closed and another would be reopened. Back and forth, he registered "China Qinhuohuo" and "China Qinhuohuo" , "Xiaoxiang Qin

Huohuo", "Huaxia Qinhuohuo", "Yanhuang Qinhuohuo", "Zhongchuan Qinhuohuo", "Wuzhong Qinhuohuo", "Gususu Qinhuohuo", etc. 12 Weibo names. With 12 Weibo accounts, he has published and forwarded rumors online more than 3,000 times. When it comes to hot topics, "Qin Huohuo" said that he is always the first to speak out, but "I don't pay attention to the clarifications that follow."

When the police just found him for preliminary investigation, "Qin Huohuo" was actually smiling and didn't seem to think that fabricating rumors was a big crime. He explains that he uses these behaviors most often, "I want to create excitement and earn more fans."

In order not to lose the original number of fans, every time he wants to publish a new sensational rumor, he Fans will be notified in advance that the account may be blocked, a new account will be activated, and the name will be announced for fans to follow.

Some employees of Internet promotion companies said frankly that only with more fans can they have greater influence, and only such Weibo has value. Using such Weibo can promote many commercial activities and help some people become famous. Of course, online promoters can also take the opportunity to make money.

"Qin Huohuo" was even called a "cyber fighter" and "cyber hero" in reports by some foreign media.

Why are rumors so easily believed? Big Vs are adding fuel to the flames

Why do so many people believe and forward such “low-end” rumors? How does a "Qin Huohuo" with only a high school education deceive netizens?

Netizens discovered that "Qin Huohuo"'s attack on the Ministry of Railways was not just about fabricating sky-high compensation. He also once "pointed his sword at" Wang Yongping, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Railways at the time: "Your eldest daughter Wang Xiaoying is the director of the Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, your eldest son-in-law Li Gekui is the deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Bureau, and your second daughter Wang Xiaoxia is the director of the Beijing Municipal Family Planning Bureau, her second son-in-law Guo Liang is the vice president of Beijing Central Hospital, her youngest son Wang Xiaofei is the director of the Quality Inspection Department of the Ministry of Railways

and her daughter-in-law Zhang Ning is the director of the Municipal Women's Federation. Is everything correct?”

However, some attentive netizens pointed out that this news is full of loopholes, and the descriptions of the Ministry of Railways departments and stations are incorrect; there is no transportation bureau or family planning bureau in Beijing. , there are only the Transportation Commission, the Traffic Management Bureau, and the Family Planning Commission; the Beijing Women's Federation only has the chairman, not the director of the Women's Federation at all; although some cities have "such-and-such central hospital", there is no "Beijing Central Hospital" in Beijing.

Although the information is completely inaccurate, the rumors fabricated by "Qin Huohuo" and others are completely opposite to the incomplete elements and unclear language of previous Internet rumors. They have captured the psychology of netizens and detailed Telling the unit, position and specific names will give netizens the first impression that this is reliable.

The pre-trial police told reporters that "Qin Huohuo" and others have been doing online promotion for a long time and are well versed in online communication. They use strong questioning to attack the target of the rumor every time, and they are very energetic. , making people feel that what he said is probably true.

The reporter also found that these rumor-mongering Weibo posts were forwarded by many Internet celebrities, which also played a role in fueling the flames to a certain extent.

In addition, the police told reporters that during the case review process, "Qin Huohuo" initially confessed that they had reached an agreement with certain people to help each other post Weibo. In the next step, the police will conduct a specific investigation on this.

Obviously, publishing rumors will still show a guilty conscience. Reporters found that no matter which account "Qin Huohuo" used to post rumors, the information would be quickly deleted after reaching a certain number of reposts. However, the information had already left an indelible mark on the Internet during the frequent reposts. Traces of complete elimination, so that these rumors often come back after a period of time, and the official information to refute the rumors sometimes cannot cover the scope of the rumors

at that time, or netizens have formed a deep-rooted impression. Don’t believe the rumors again. [6]

How rumors come out

"Interpret" by yourself

In fact, there are many loopholes in the rumors of "Qin Huohuo" and others, and many netizens The level of identification is “very low”. So, how are these rumors fabricated? "Qin Huohuo" himself confessed: "For many hot events, I interpret them myself and post them. I forward less and post more myself."

As for the origin of "30 million euros in compensation", "Qin Huohuo" told the pre-trial policeman that he saw someone on Weibo saying that in emergencies, different countries have different compensation standards for the dead and injured. In addition, he also saw Some people guessed that foreigners would have to pay 10 million euros in compensation, while others said 20 million euros. "This is too little, let's say 30 million euros." This number was decided upon by him.

As for the doubts about Li Tianyi's age after the incident, "Qin Huohuo" said that he drew the conclusion from some clues on Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia. What is even more ridiculous is that "Qin Huohuo" told the police, "I compared the photos of Li Tianyi and Li Shuangjiang and felt that they looked alike, so I concluded that Li Tianyi is probably not Li Shuangjiang's biological son." Then. , he posted this "conclusion" on Weibo.

As for why he fabricated rumors against General Luo Yuan, "Qin Huohuo" said that after reading some comments on the Internet, he felt that this person was too hateful, so he searched everywhere for negative information about Luo Yuan, and It was taken for granted that "he escaped military service in 1979." [7]

Zhang Haidi is known as China's Paul Korchagin. Her story has moved and inspired many people, but "Qin Huohuo" and others have not let her go. Unfounded accusations about Zhang Haidi's nationality have been plaguing her work and life. "As a disabled woman, I adopt a tolerant attitude when faced with rumors. But my tolerance makes Rumor makers are becoming more unscrupulous, and more and more people are gullible. Some people are making up rumors, not only fabricating rumors about nationality, but even making up rumors based on the pain of a disabled woman. "Qin Huohuo" once posted a photo of Zhang Haidi sitting in a car on Weibo and questioned: "Don't you say that disabled people can't drive? How can she do it? I just can't." I want to send it out for everyone to see." But he forgot to do the most basic investigation and understanding. As early as 2010, the Ministry of Public Security announced the newly revised "Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving License". "Regulations", which relaxes the conditions for disabled people to learn to drive, allowing qualified people with both lower limbs to obtain a driver's license. Regarding this, "Qin Huohuo" explained, "I just sent it to watch and have fun. She has always been very positive and there are no other scandals to talk about."

"Qin Huohuo" said that he once said in his last Weibo that he would no longer post this type of Weibo in the future. When the police asked him why, he replied: "What happened in the past was indeed a bit excessive. I also want to build some moral character for my child, so that he will not be despised in the future and said that his father is not upright." [8]

Why can it be "popular"

True

As "Qin Huohuo" and "Li Er Split Four" themselves said, Internet hype must be "fooled" Netizens make them feel that they are the judges of "social injustice". Only in this way can the honors those people have won in their lifetimes be destroyed overnight

And their creed is "Rumors don't stop at the wise, but at the next rumor."

On the one hand, this shows that the online world does not provide a clear legal definition of rumor makers and disseminators, allowing "Qin

Huohuo" to use one rumor to end another rumor; on the other hand, the real world The lack of transparency and openness of real information has also given the Internet a breeding ground for rumors. Sometimes, it is the inappropriate remarks of government departments and the covering up of the truth that push netizens into It has caught the trap of online rumors, making it easy for netizens to be “fooled”.

In addition, the curiosity of netizens has further contributed to the popularity of "Qin Huohuo" on the Internet. The reason why the Sister Feng incident and the Gan Lulu incident became popular so quickly is inseparable from every click, forward and comment made by netizens. Why are you still willing to be a communicator when you know it is vulgar and pornographic hype? Is it just because you don’t have to be responsible for forwarding comments? I’m afraid it’s more than that. [9]

Rumors stop only with wise men and even with the law. This is the enlightenment brought to us by the arrests of "Qin Huohuo" and "Li Er De Si Si". After all, the Internet is not a place outside the law, and those who exceed the boundaries will inevitably be punished by law. But if you want to purify the Internet, this alone is not enough: First, "Qin Huohuo" and "Li Er Kai Si" were arrested for spreading rumors. Ordinary netizens who spread rumors or Should Internet "big Vs" also be held legally accountable? According to "Qin Huohuo"'s preliminary account, they have reached an agreement with some "big Vs" to help each other repost Weibo. The police

It has been stated that further investigation will be carried out. This is actually a warning to netizens that online rights and responsibilities are equal; secondly, the Erma company where "Qin Huohuo" and "Li Er Hao Si" are employed hire Internet trolls to speculate and make illegal profits, which also raises the question

A question arises, that is, in the awards and evaluations in some places, Internet trolls often swipe votes, and some even clearly mark the price. Should this also be investigated?