What is the introduction of the space station, a new space city?

Space station, also known as "space station", "orbital station" and "space station", is a manned spacecraft that runs in orbit for a long time, has certain experimental conditions and can be used by many astronauts to live and work. During the orbital operation of the space station, astronauts are transported by spacecraft or space shuttle, and materials and equipment are transported.

Space station usually consists of docking module, airlock module, orbital module, living module, logistics service module, special equipment module and solar cell. The docking module has several docking interfaces, one of which is used to dock the spacecraft to pick up astronauts and transport materials, and the other is to prepare for docking the new module to expand the space station. The airlock cabin is the passage for astronauts to enter and leave the space station in orbit. Orbital module is the main place for astronauts to work in orbit. Living quarters are places where astronauts eat, sleep and rest. The logistics service module is equipped with propellant, water, gas source, power supply and other equipment to serve the whole space station. The special equipment cabin is a cabin where special instruments are installed according to the mission, and it can also be an unsealed frame for installing instruments and equipment such as radar and astronomical telescope exposed in space. Solar cells are installed on the outside of the space station cabin or truss to provide power for the space station.

The space station has expanded the scope and scale of space technology application and space resources development, which is of great significance to national economy, military and scientific research. The realized applications include: medical and biological research, earth resources survey and national census, military reconnaissance and geodesy, experiments of producing new materials in microgravity environment, experiments of producing high-efficiency and high-purity drugs in microgravity environment and astronomical observation.

(2) From "tribute" to "peace"

The "Salute-1" launched by the former Soviet Union on April 197 1 is the first experimental space station in the world.

1On May 4th, 973, the United States launched the Space Laboratory Space Station, which was transformed from the third stage of Saturn V rocket, the remaining material of Apollo's moon landing program, and was the first space station that was really put into use and used for a long time. After completing its mission, it fell into the atmosphere and burned on July 1979+0 1.

The first practical space station in the former Soviet Union was1Salute -6 launched on September 29th, 977. It has two docking ports, which can dock with two spacecraft at the same time to form an orbital complex. Salute -7 Space Station was in orbit from 1982 to 199 1, and received a total of 1 1 batches of * * 28 astronauts.

Based on the successful experience of salute series space stations, the former Soviet Union launched the core module of the Peace Space Station in February 1986. The module has six docking ports, two for docking transport spacecraft and four for docking other special modules. After that, it was used and expanded until the last module "Peace" of 1996 was assembled in April. At this time, "Peace" was a behemoth with a total weight of 1 16 tons (including a Soyuz TM spacecraft) and a total volume of 470 cubic meters. However, due to lack of funds and poor maintenance, "Peace" accidents continue. At the turn of the century, Russia is going to gradually lower the orbit of the "Peace" space station to a height of 402 kilometers, and then the ground control center will send it the final instruction to enter the earth's atmosphere for self-destruction. The unburned part of the space station will safely fall into the Pacific Ocean.

(3) International Space Station: the same home.

The International Space Station, also known as the "Alpha" space station, is led by the United States and includes 1 16 member countries of Russia, Japan, Canada, Brazil and the European Space Agency. This is the largest space project jointly built by many countries for the first time in the world space history.

The International Space Station has a complex structure and a huge body. It is estimated that the total investment will exceed $63 billion. It is planned to be completed in 2004. When completed, it will consist of six experimental modules, a living module, two connecting modules, a service system and a transportation system. It is a monster with a length of 88 meters and a weight of about 430 tons, and its running time will be 65,438+00 years.

The International Space Station (ISS) can provide an unprecedented research site for 2 1 century space. It is a long-term on-orbit laboratory. The space station will be built into a manned space base, a space factory or a space test center, which will be used to maintain artificial satellites, launch high-orbit satellites and serve as a transit base for lunar and planetary probes, build a logistics base for space power stations, test and production bases for new materials and drugs, test bases for space weapons and command centers for space operations. The International Space Station will become the frontier of mankind in space and the key to open the door of the solar system.