Primary and middle school students in epidemic prevention and control knowledge education in COVID-19

# Education # Introduction In order to further improve the prevention and control of epidemic situation on campus and ensure the health and safety of teachers and students, primary and secondary school students in China were educated on the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19. For more related content, please pay attention to the education channel!

1. COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control knowledge education for primary and middle school students

1. On campus, we insist on wearing masks, keeping a distance of one meter, exercising between classes, going to the toilet at the wrong peak and washing hands in seven steps.

2. Go in and out of the school and classroom according to the designated route: go up and down the stairs as far as possible without touching the handrail, and go up and down the stairs in an orderly way on the right.

3. recess reminder: wear a mask during recess, stop chasing and fighting during recess, keep a safe social distance between students, and do not cuddle or cross classes.

4. Hygienic precautions: keep the classroom ventilated and clean; Cover your mouth and nose with paper towels when coughing or sneezing, and pay attention to personal hygiene; Wash your hands in time after going to the toilet at the wrong peak and pay attention to hand hygiene.

5. Pay attention to your physical condition at any time. If you have symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue or other physical discomfort, report to the teacher in charge and the teacher in charge in time.

2. COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control knowledge education for primary and middle school students

1. What is novel coronavirus?

This epidemic coronavirus is a newly discovered coronavirus, which was named SARS-Cov-2 by the International Committee for Virus Classification. Because people lack immunity to new virus strains, people are generally susceptible.

2. What caused COVID-19?

It is caused by SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, and the disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 infection is named COVID-19 by WHO, most of which can cause pneumonia, so it is called novel coronavirus/COVID-19.

3. What are the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronavirus?

Coronavirus is a single-stranded positive-strand RNA virus without segmentation, so it is named because there are protrusions on the virus envelope, which are like corollas.

The virus is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat. Lipid solvents such as 56℃ for 3 minutes, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus, but chlorhexidine cannot effectively inactivate the virus.

4. What is the source of infection in novel coronavirus?

At present, the main source of infection is novel coronavirus infected patients. Asymptomatic infected people may also become the source of infection.

5. What is the route of transmission in novel coronavirus?

respiratory droplets and close contact are the main routes of transmission. In the case of long-term exposure to high concentration aerosol in a relatively closed environment, it is possible to spread through aerosol. As novel coronavirus can be separated from feces and urine, attention should be paid to the aerosol or contact spread caused by the environmental pollution of feces and urine.

6. Who are the susceptible population in novel coronavirus?

people are generally susceptible.

7. what is droplet propagation?

droplets: it is generally believed that water-containing particles with a diameter of > ＞5um can enter the susceptible mucosal surface through a certain distance (generally 1m).

Generation of droplets:

(1) Cough, sneeze or talk;

(2) perform invasive respiratory tract operations, such as sputum aspiration or tracheal intubation, turning over, patting the back, etc. to stimulate cough and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

8. what is contact transmission?

direct contact: pathogens are transmitted through direct contact with mucosa or skin.

(1) Blood or bloody body fluids enter the human body through mucosa or damaged skin;

(2) Direct contact with secretions containing a pathogen causes transmission.

9. what is aerosol transmission?

Aerosol propagation means that droplets lose moisture in the air suspension process, leaving a nucleus composed of protein and pathogens, forming a droplet nucleus, which can float to a distant place in the form of aerosol, resulting in long-distance propagation.

1. what is a close contact?

Those who have one of the following contact situations with the case (observed and confirmed case) after onset:

(1) The case * * * is with people who live, study, work or have close contact with others;

(2) medical staff, family members or other people who have similar close contact with the case without taking effective protective measures during diagnosis, treatment, nursing and visiting the case;

(3) Other patients and accompanying staff in the same ward;

(4) Take the same vehicle as the case and have close contacts;

(5) those who are considered qualified by the on-site investigators after investigation.

11. What are the clinical manifestations of COVID-19's patients?

Based on the current epidemiological investigation, the incubation period is 1 to 14 days, mostly 3 to 7 days. The main manifestations are fever, dry cough and fatigue. A few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, myalgia and diarrhea. Some children and newborns may have atypical symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhea and other digestive tract symptoms or just mental weakness and shortness of breath. Mild patients only showed low fever, slight fatigue, etc., and no pneumonia. Judging from the current cases, most patients have a good prognosis and a few patients are in critical condition. The elderly and those with chronic underlying diseases have poor prognosis. The symptoms of children cases are relatively mild.

12. How to identify and observe COVID-19 cases in clinic?

Suspected cases:

Comprehensive analysis based on the following epidemiological history and clinical manifestations:

1. Epidemiological history: travel history or residence history in Wuhan and its surrounding areas within 14 days before onset, or other communities with reported cases; Have a history of contact with novel coronavirus infected persons (those with positive nucleic acid test) within 14 days before onset; In the 14 days before the onset of the disease, he had contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan and its surrounding areas, or from communities with reported cases; Cluster onset (2 or more cases of fever or respiratory symptoms in a small area such as home, office and school class within 2 weeks).

2. Clinical manifestations: fever or respiratory symptoms; Have the characteristics of novel coronavirus imaging; At the early stage of onset, the total number of white blood cells is normal or decreased, and the lymphocyte count is normal or decreased.

Have any epidemiological history and meet any two clinical manifestations. There is no clear epidemiological history, which accords with 3 clinical manifestations.

Confirmed cases:

Suspected cases with one of the etiological or serological evidences: novel coronavirus nucleic acid was positive by real-time fluorescence RT-PCR; Virus gene sequencing, which is highly homologous to the known novel coronavirus; Serum novel coronavirus-specific IgM antibody and IgG antibody are positive (serum novel coronavirus-specific IgG antibody changes from negative to positive or the recovery period is 4 times or more higher than that in acute period).

13. What are the clinical types of COVID-19?

it is divided into light, ordinary, heavy and critical types.

14. How does COVID-19 differentiate diagnosis?

The mild manifestations of novel coronavirus infection should be differentiated from upper respiratory tract infections caused by other viruses. COVID-19 is mainly differentiated from influenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and other known viral pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection; It should also be differentiated from non-infectious diseases, such as vasculitis, dermatomyositis and organized pneumonia.

15. What are the prevention and control measures in COVID-19?

(1) standard preventive measures;

(2) air-borne preventive measures;

(3) Precautions against contact and droplets: Wash hands frequently and wear a mask when going out;

(4) room ventilation;

3. COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control knowledge education for primary and middle school students

1. What is the role of hand washing in preventing respiratory diseases?

washing hands correctly is one of the most effective measures to prevent diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. Authorities such as the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO and CDC in the United States all recommend washing hands with soap and clean water (running water).

2. The formula and essentials of the seven-step washing technique

(1) Inside: the palms are rubbed relatively;

(2) Outside: rub the palm of your hand against the back of your hand;

(3) Clip: palms are opposite, fingers are crossed and rubbed;

(4) bow: bow your fingers, hold hands with each other, and rub the protruding parts of the bones;

(5) Big: one hand holds the thumb of the other hand and rotates and rubs it;

(6) Stand: put your fingers together, stand your fingertips on the other palm, and rotate and knead;

(7) Wrist: Hold the wrist of the other hand with one hand and rotate and rub it.

3. when do you need to wash your hands?

(1) before and after file transfer;

(2) After coughing or sneezing;

(3) before, during and after food preparation;

(4) before eating;

(5) after going to the toilet;

(6) when hands are dirty;

(7) After touching others;

(8) After contact with animals;

(9) After you come back from going out.

4. what should I do if there is no clear water outside during the journey and it is not convenient to wash my hands?

you can use an alcoholic disinfection products to clean your hands. Human coronavirus is not acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, and is sensitive to organic solvents and disinfectants. 75% alcohol can inactivate virus, so disinfection products containing alcohol at a certain concentration can be used as an alternative to washing hands with soap and running water.

5. how to use the mask correctly?

(1) Both disposable masks and medical masks have two sides. Take disposable masks as an example. Most of them are dark in color, and the front should face outwards. Please read the instructions on the mask package for details.

(2) Pay attention that the part with metal strip should be above the mask, and don't wear it upside down. After distinguishing the front, back, upper end and lower end of the mask clearly, wash your hands first, and hang the ropes at both ends on your ears after determining whether the mask is correct;

(3) After wearing the mask, it is necessary to press the metal strips on both sides of the bridge of the nose with both hands, so that the upper end of the mask is close to the bridge of the nose, and then pull the mask downward, so that the mask does not have wrinkles and covers the nose and mouth.

6. Precautions for the use of masks

(1) During the epidemic period in COVID-19, the general staff with non-medical high risk suggested wearing disposable medical masks or medical surgical masks, and the use time of masks could be appropriately extended and used repeatedly. Masks are for special use only, and cannot be used interchangeably between people. Wash your hands according to the rules before wearing the mask, and avoid touching the inside of the mask when wearing it. If the mask is dirty, deformed, damaged or smells, it should be replaced in time.

(2) If the mask is contaminated by respiratory/nasal secretions and other body fluids, it should be replaced immediately.

(3) If you need to use the mask again, you can hang it in a clean, dry and ventilated place or put it in a clean and breathable paper bag. Masks should be stored separately to avoid contact with each other, and the users of masks should be identified.

(4) Medical standard protective masks cannot be cleaned, nor can they be disinfected by disinfectants or heating.

7. how do special people wear masks?

(1) pregnant women should pay attention to their own conditions and choose products with better comfort when wearing protective masks;

(2) The elderly and patients with chronic heart and lung diseases will feel uncomfortable after wearing it, and even aggravate the original condition, so they should seek professional guidance from doctors;

(3) Children are in the stage of growth and development, and their faces are small, so children should choose protective masks.

4. Education on knowledge of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19

Wear masks scientifically

When taking public transportation, entering crowded or poorly ventilated places, going to the hospital for treatment and having respiratory symptoms, students should wear masks consciously. Wear a mask in a standardized way, so that the mask is close to the face and covers the nose and mouth.

Keep social distance

Reduce going to crowded or relatively closed places, and consciously keep social distance from others in public places, especially avoid close contact with people with respiratory symptoms.

Pay attention to personal hygiene

Wash your hands with running water and soap or hand sanitizer in time when you go out and go home, before and after meals, and after touching public goods. Do not touch your eyes, nose and mouth with dirty hands. When coughing or sneezing, try to avoid others, cover your mouth and nose with paper towels or bent elbows, discard the paper towels immediately after use and wash your hands.

Remember that food hygiene

Always follow the principle of separating raw food from cooked food. Wash your hands before and after touching fresh ingredients, and don't touch your eyes, nose and mouth without washing your hands. Meat, eggs and seafood must be cooked thoroughly.

Regular window ventilation

Frequent window ventilation can keep indoor air circulation and reduce the risk of disease transmission, at least twice a day for more than 3 minutes each time. The weather is getting colder and the temperature is getting lower. Please keep warm when opening the window for ventilation to avoid catching a cold.

Do a good job in health monitoring

5. Educate primary and middle school students about epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19

1. Coronavirus is a kind of virus widely existing in nature.

the world health organization named novel coronavirus "219 novel coronavirus (219-nCoV)".

Second, after novel coronavirus was infected, the main manifestations were fever, fatigue and dry cough. Most patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and diarrhea. Severe patients often have dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after onset, and severe patients rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. It is worth noting that severe and critical patients may have moderate to low fever or even no obvious fever during the course of the disease. Mild patients only showed low fever, slight fatigue, etc., and no pneumonia. Most patients have a good prognosis.

Third, the source of infection is mainly patients infected in novel coronavirus, and asymptomatic infected people may also become the source of infection; The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and contact transmission, and people are generally susceptible.

4. The incubation period after novel coronavirus infection is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days.

5. At present, there is no specific medicine, mainly for symptomatic treatment.

six, do a good job in indoor and outdoor environmental sanitation, and keep the indoor and surrounding environment clean and tidy. Always open the window for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh; Ventilate at least twice a day for 1-15 minutes each time.

7. Develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, don't spit everywhere, cover your mouth and nose with paper towels when sneezing or coughing, and bend your elbows before covering your mouth and nose when you can't find paper towels too late or temporarily.

8. Try to avoid going to crowded public places, reduce activities such as visiting relatives and friends, parties and dinners, advocate civilized and healthy dining, and use public chopsticks and spoons. If you go out, go to crowded places, and take public transportation, you should wear masks scientifically and standardize, and keep a safe social distance when communicating with people and queuing. Reduce contact with public goods and parts in public places.

9. Don't touch and eat wild animals and avoid contact with livestock and poultry. Cutting boards and storage utensils for handling raw food and cooked food should be separated, and hands should be washed between handling raw food and cooked food. Mistakes are cooked thoroughly, especially meat and eggs should be cooked thoroughly before eating.

ten, strengthen physical exercise, balance nutrition, get enough sleep, and combine work and rest.