Korean history

The Four Counties of Han Dynasty and the First Three Kingdoms Period

In 195 BC, after Lu Wan, the prince of the Western Han Dynasty in China, went north to the Xiongnu, his Ministry led Wei Man to destroy Jizi Korea and established Wei Man Korea. The national strength of Wei Man Korea was quite strong, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to Wei Man Korea in 19 BC. In 18 BC, Weiman Korea was destroyed, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided its land into four counties, which were called Han four counties in history.

in 18 BC, the western Han dynasty established hansi county in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, and in 82 BC it merged into lelang county, which was governed by the western Han dynasty, the eastern Han dynasty, the Wei state and the western Jin dynasty.

Three Kingdoms Period

After entering the 4th century, Lelang County was occupied by Koguryo. At the same time, Baekje and Silla in the south actively developed their own forces. Baekje completely wiped out 54 countries in Malaysia and Korea. Chen Han was also merged from 12 countries into Silla, Muhan, Chen Han and other countries. North Korea formed the period of Koguryo, Silla and Baekje. History is called "the Three Kingdoms Period of Korea". Koguryo, located in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, was the overlord of the peninsula during this period. According to the record of the tablet of King Haotai, King Haotai of Koguryo forced Baekje and Silla to submit to Koguryo and repelled the Japanese army that invaded Silla. Baekje (the first 18 years-66 years) was developed by Mahan tribes in the ancient southwest of the Korean Peninsula, and completely unified the 54 countries of Mahan at the end of the 3rd century. In 66 AD, Baekje was destroyed by the allied forces of Silla and Tang Dynasty. Baekje absorbed culture from China and spread it to Japan by paying tribute to the imperial courts of China in the Southern Dynasties. Silla was formed by a small tribe in Chenhan.

unified Silla era

Silla formed an alliance with the emerging Tang Dynasty on the condition that it was a vassal of the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozong was in power, the army of the Tang Dynasty joined Silla to defeat Baekje in 66 AD, attacked Koguryo the following year, and stayed around Pyongyang for a long time without returning. In 668, Emperor Gaozong sent troops again, and finally conquered Pyongyang in September of that year, and the general Xue Rengui set up an Anton Hufu in Koguryo and Baekje. Since then, the Koguryo regime has withdrawn from the historical stage. After the Silla War in the Tang Dynasty in 67-676, Silla occupied Baekje's hometown and part of the original Koguryo territory. Silla eventually unified the area south of the Datong River on the Korean Peninsula, with Gyeongju as its capital, and ruled by imitating the national system of the Tang Dynasty. In the 9th century, farmers revolted all over the country. In 9, Zhen Xuan, the general of the army, became king. After the establishment of Baekje, Gwangju was its capital. In 93, the uprising monk Jin Gong called himself king, established Taifeng country (first known as Mozhen country) in the north and northwest of Silla, and made Tieyuan its capital. In 918, Wang Jian established the Koryo dynasty, and then named the country "Koryo". And the original Silla are also called "the post-Three Kingdoms period of Korea". Silla died in Korea in 935, and the Silla era ended.

the post-Three Kingdoms period

The post-Three Kingdoms period of Korea (892-936 AD) is one of the time divisions in Korean history. Zhen Xuan, who was born as a farmer in 892, set out to fight. At the same time, Koguryo, a descendant of Silla royal family, was also established, which led to the division of Silla, which was already weak. Finally, in 936, Korea reunited the Korean Peninsula.

Koryo Dynasty (918-1392)

In 918, Wang Jian was made king by the bow-born king department of Koguryo, and the capital was moved to his hometown of Kaesong (Songyue), and the country name was changed to "Koryo". In 935, Silla was destroyed; In 936, after the elimination of Baekje, the Korean dynasty was established. In 993, defeated by Liao, he was forced to sever relations with Song Dynasty and surrender to Liao. In 1127, he was forced to surrender to the State of Jin. During the period of resisting the Khitan and the Jurchen, the military forces increased greatly. In 117 and 1173, two coups took place, led by the military commander Zheng Zhongfu. The coup soldiers deposed the king and killed the aristocratic civil servants, and finally established the "Dufang" regime in which the military commander Cui Zhongxian held the king hostage. In 1231, the Mongolian army attacked Korea; In 1258, Cui's regime collapsed and the king surrendered to Mongolia. Refusing to surrender to Mongolia, the three sofas moved against the Mongolian war; In 1273, Mongolia occupied Jeju Island, ending the war against Mongolia. In 128, in order to attack Japan, the Yuan Dynasty set up an eastward province on the Korean peninsula, and sent "Daru Huachi" in the capital of Korea to control the national politics of Korea. The king of Korea could only live on Jianghua Island. In 1281, with the failure of attacking Japan, the eastward province was once dissolved; In 1287, the East-bound province was re-established, and King Koryo also served as the East-bound province of Daluhuachi, becoming a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty. It was not until King Gongcheng returned in 1356 that the Korean court regained its sovereignty.

Korean Dynasty (1392-1896)

In p>1388, King Koryo sent Li Chenggui to attack Liaodong, but he returned from the Yalu River and occupied the capital Kaesong to launch a coup. In 1392, the deposed king stood on his own feet and changed his country name to North Korea, taking the meaning of "Asahi is bright" and making Hanyang his capital. This era was called "Lee Korea" by Japan, and this name has been used in most historical circles to this day. Scholars in North Korea and South Korea believe that it should be called the Korean era, but this name is easily confused and rarely accepted. Lee Korea carried out the policy of advocating Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism. Take a big policy towards China. In 1591, Japanese Guanbai Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent 2, troops to invade North Korea and once occupied Pyongyang. China sent troops to aid Korea; In 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the allied forces of China and North Korea. Li Shunchen, the general of North Korea, and Deng Zilong, the general of China, supported each other and both died heroically. This period of history is called "Japanese Rebellion in Renchen", and modern China is called "Wanli War to Aid Korea". In 1618, the Ming Dynasty fought against the late Jin Dynasty, and North Korea sent troops to help the Ming Dynasty. In 1636, the Qing army captured Korea, and the king surrendered and paid tribute to the Qing dynasty, becoming the conferring country of the Qing dynasty. In 1863, after the death of King Zhezong, there was no heir, and Li Yunying, the son of the royal family, ascended the throne. In history, he was called Gaozong, and Li Yunying was the regent of "Dayuanjun". He implemented a series of reforms, strengthened centralization, suppressed local feudal forces, closed the country to the outside world, set fire to American warships robbed in North Korea, and repeatedly repelled the attacks of American warships and destroyed three American warships. In 1873, when Emperor Gaozong came of age to take charge, the Grand Courtyard King stopped being regent, the consorts of Min Fei took power, and Japanese warships entered the mouth of Hanjiang River, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Jianghua Treaty. In 1882, because Min Qian-ho, the consort of Min Fei, deducted the military salary, the Korean reformists, with the assistance of Japanese political parties, instigated the Renwu mutiny. During the mutiny, the uprising soldiers killed officials of the Japanese legation and broke into the palace. Princess Min fled disguised as a maid-in-waiting, and Dayuanjun returned to power. At Min Fei's request, China sent Wu Changqing to lead 3, soldiers into North Korea to suppress the mutiny, imprisoned Da Yuanjun, and the consorts group of Min Fei regained power. From then on, both Japan and Qing Dynasty stationed troops in Korea. North Korean aristocrats are divided into "civilized school" and "old school" headed by Min Fei. On December 4, 1884, the Kaihua faction and the Japanese minister planned together, relying on the Japanese army to launch a coup, killing the old-school officials and announcing the severance of relations with the Qing government, which was a "Jiashen coup"; At the request of the old guard, the Qing army under the command of Yuan Shikai entered the palace on the 6th, defeated the Japanese army and killed the civilized leaders. Some civilized leaders fled to Japan, and the old guard returned to power. In 1894, a large-scale peasant uprising broke out in North China, and the North Korean court was unable to suppress it, so it asked the South Korean army to enter the country to suppress it. On June 6th, China's army landed in Asan, and the Japanese army took the opportunity to land in Incheon on July 6th, and launched the Nonnoon Incident to occupy Hanyang, forcing North Korea to sign the Treaty of Jiwupu (Jiwupu is now Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to suppress the peasant uprising. In 1894, Japanese troops attacked China troops stationed in Korea, which provoked the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. After China's defeat, North Korea ceased its suzerain-vassal relations with China.

During the Korean Empire (1896-191)

In April 1895, the Qing Dynasty was defeated, and the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki was signed, which recognized Korea as an independent country, so the Korean court under Japanese control announced the termination of the canonization relationship with the Qing Dynasty. In the same year, Japan assassinated Empress Mingcheng with anti-Japanese tendencies. In 1896, with the support of Russia, Emperor Gaozong proclaimed himself emperor and set up the Korean Empire. Since then, North Korea has changed to South Korea. In 194, after the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated and the regime of the Korean Empire was completely controlled by Japan. In 195, the treaty of protection. South Korea has become Japan's "protectorate". In 196, Japan established the "unified supervision" regime sent by Japan in South Korea. In 197, Japan forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and was succeeded by the Crown Prince. In 199, Hirofumi Ito, the first governor of Japan, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen in Harbin.