What should I do if there are mice in my house? I've tried several methods online but can't find it.

Existing rodent control methods can be roughly divided into four categories: instrumental methods, pharmaceutical methods, biological methods and ecological methods. Judging from the requirements for rodent control in epidemic areas, poisonous baits in the drug method are the most widely used for rodent control, while various anti-rodent measures in the ecological method are very important for reducing the incidence rate in the population; various methods should learn from each other's strengths and complement each other's weaknesses, and be utilized comprehensively. The criteria for selecting and evaluating rodent control methods are: ① good effect, can reduce the rat density to a very low level; ② quick effect, able to control the occurrence of diseases in a timely manner; ③ high efficiency, conducive to large-scale simultaneous operations; ④ low expenditure, It can be promoted in a wide range; ⑤ When there is little direct contact between humans and rats during the rodent eradication process, the accidental HV infection rate is low.

1. Instrumental rodent control method

The advantages of the instrumented rodent control method are: ① It is relatively safe for humans and animals and does not pollute the environment; ② It is simple and easy to implement and easy to promote; ③ It can Obtaining dead or live rats for monitoring or research will also help reduce the occurrence of corpse odor. The disadvantages are: ① The effect decreases rapidly when the same type of mousetrap is used together; ② The efficiency is low; ③ The density of remaining mice is high; ④ The effect varies greatly with the user's proficiency.

In the rodent eradication work in this epidemic area, rat trapping equipment is often used as a tool for density survey, assessment of rodent eradication effect and acquisition of test materials; after the poison bait is used to eliminate rodents, it can also be used to consolidate the results of rodent eradication.

1.1 Commonly used mousetraps

(1) Mousetrap: There are many models of mousetraps that are the most widely used. Often wooden or iron plates are used as the main body, with iron wire rings as the frame, and the elastic pressure of the spring sodium wire is used to clamp the rodents that touch the bait hook. When catching mice, the size of the mouse trap should be determined based on the size of the captured object. It is advisable to use large ones to catch Rattus norvegicus, and medium ones to catch Apoderma nigricans. If a large trap is used to capture house mice, it is advisable to add a piece of wire in the middle of the wire ring. When using a rat trap with a bait board, you can also use it without bait and place the bait board on the rat track.

(2) Rat cage: It is a commonly used tool for catching live rats. It is mostly made of iron wire, but can also be made of wooden boards or bamboo tubes. The cage is rectangular or round. The mesh of the wire cage should be less than 0.5cm. The capture rate of rat cages is low; however, some rat cages can continuously capture rats and are suitable for use in places where rats are densely populated. Because live rats are caught, the problem of escaping rat parasites is not as serious as rat traps.

(3) Triangular gate: The gate body is made of bamboo, wood or thick iron wire, and a bamboo bow or spring is used as the firing power. The more common method of using a wooden gate is to pull up the gate stick and hold it tightly against the bamboo bow. The small wooden stick connected to the movable end of the gate stick is supported on the iron nail of the vertical beam, and the wooden stick connected to the other end of the small wooden stick is used to secure it. With a loose wooden stick, you can catch mice.

(4) Pressure plate: Tie the rope to a wooden post or tree trunk, and wrap the other end around a small wooden stick. The other end of the small wooden stick is pulled by a small rope tied horizontally to the stone slab. The bait is tied to a hemp rope near a small wooden stick. When the rat pulls the bait, the stone slab is pressed down.

(5) Electronic cats: There are many models, all of which are high-voltage (above 1000V) power grids, but the current is very small. When in use, place the wires in places where rats must pass or frequent them. The wires should be 1 to 3cm above the ground and must be tightened. After the net is laid, a dedicated person is on duty. When the electronic cat sends out the light and electrical signals of impact, the unconscious mouse will be captured immediately and dealt with properly. For safety reasons, it is strictly prohibited to pull bare wires directly from lighting or power sources to catch mice.

(6) Sticky mouse board: Coat high molecular polymer or other highly sticky colloid on cardboard and place it where rodents move to stick the mice who step on the sticky mouse board.

There are many types of mousetraps, but no matter which one they are, they should be suitable for the ecological characteristics of the main prey and our work requirements, and they should be more targeted.

1.2 Use of mousetraps: For mousetraps that require bait, fresh bait should be used, which is easily available in the local area and the rats are in urgent need or are accustomed to it, and should be updated regularly. Mousetraps need to be placed in areas where rats frequently move or forage, and some must be placed in holes. When placed indoors, such as along the wall, the cage mouth or clamp end should face the wall root at a right angle. In order to overcome the novelty reaction of house mice, you can also bait the trap without setting it up, and then set up the mousetrap after the rats adapt.

In order to improve the mouse-catching effect and reduce the density of remaining mice, more mousetraps should be deployed at the same time, and even a variety of baits should be used for the mice to choose. When no mice are caught for several consecutive days, it is advisable to remove the mousetrap. Avoid leaving it empty for a long time.

Mousetraps should be deployed before peak rat activity. If it does not hinder non-target animals, it can also be deployed continuously and inspected regularly. Disguise the mousetrap appropriately if necessary.

However, in order to improve the effect, the mousetrap should not be cleaned after catching mice, and it is not advisable to use unpleasant disinfectants. If it is necessary to disinfect from the perspective of disinfection, try to use an odorless disinfection method, otherwise it will affect the sensitivity of the mousetrap (for example, treating the mousetrap at high temperature will damage the spring).

2. Drug rodent control methods

Both intestinal poisons and fumigation poisons can be used to kill rats. Intestinal poisons are often made into poisonous baits, and their main advantages are: ① good effect, usually more than 80% of the rat population can be eliminated; ② high efficiency, suitable for simultaneous operations in large areas; ③ low expenditure; ④ easy to use, etc. The main disadvantage is that it may accidentally injure non-target animals or pollute the environment. The main advantages of fumigation and rodent control are: ① It has quick results and is suitable for emergency treatment in epidemic areas; ② There are few opportunities for contact between humans and mice and their external parasites, which will not lead to the spread of the disease; ③ It is relatively safe for non-target animals. The main disadvantages are: more expenditure, low efficiency, not usable everywhere, etc.

2.1 Poison bait rodenticide method

(1) Commonly used rodenticides: Currently used intestinal rodenticides fall into two categories: acute and chronic. Acute rodenticides, or quick-acting drugs, which only need to be taken once to be effective; chronic rodenticides, or slow-acting drugs, which require several consecutive days to be effective. Chronic drugs are widely used because they are effective and safe for non-target animals.

According to national regulations, only rodenticides that have been approved and registered by the relevant departments of the country can be used. It is illegal to use explicitly banned or unapproved rodenticides.

1) Zinc phosphide: This product is a gray-black, completely heavy powder with a garlic smell, soluble in water, and lipophilic. It is stable when dry, but decomposes slowly when exposed to moisture. It reacts rapidly when encountering strong inorganic acids and releases phosphine gas. It mainly acts on the nervous system and destroys metabolism. After being poisoned, rats lose appetite, reduce activity, and often suffer paralysis of their hind limbs and then die. It acts quickly and is a quick-acting drug.

The oral LD50 of zinc phosphide to various rats is between 20 and 50 mg/kg. There is little difference in toxicity to different animals, and poultry are slightly sensitive. It is generally not absorbed through the skin, nor is it easy to accumulate and neutralize, causing drug resistance. Because of its special smell, it can easily lead to food refusal and should not be used continuously.

It has good palatability to rats, and the effect is often satisfactory when used for the first time. It can cause secondary poisoning, but it is not easy for people to eat it by mistake.

2) Phosphate: It is white powder or crystal, hardly soluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene and ethanol, and easily soluble in methylene chloride. The pure product has no obvious odor and is relatively stable in the dry state. After it enters the mouse body, it inhibits cholinesterase in nervous tissue and red blood cells, leading to excessive accumulation of acetylcholine, excitating smooth muscles, inhibiting cardiovascular systems, increasing gland secretion, constricting pupils, increasing heart rate, and blood pressure.

Its LD50 for a variety of rats is between 10 and 20mg/kg, but for chickens it is as high as 1800mg/kg. It can be absorbed through the skin in sensitive animals. Its effect has a latency period of more than ten hours, but it will die quickly after the onset of the disease. It has the effect of accumulation and poisoning, and the risk of secondary poisoning is lower than that of zinc phosphide.

It has good palatability in rats, has small individual differences in toxicity, and is less likely to cause food refusal and drug resistance. The effect is generally good.

The physical and chemical properties, toxicological effects, and rodent-killing efficacy of its analogue, bromopyridin, are similar to that of bromopyridin.

Other acute drugs that have been used to kill rodents, such as fluoracetamide and methacin, have been banned, and other unapproved drugs should not be used.

3) Warfarin: It is white or colorless crystal, difficult to dissolve in water, but easily soluble in alkali solution to form sodium salt. Odorless and tasteless. It is a typical chronic drug, and its toxicity is related to the number of times it is taken. Taking the drug once can only kill rats if the dose is quite large. Taking the drug multiple times can still kill rats even though the total amount of each dose is much lower than the dose of one dose. It destroys the clotting ability of rodent blood and damages capillaries, causing internal bleeding, leading to anemia, blood loss, and eventually death. It acts slowly. Death peaks within 4 to 6 days after taking the medicine. A few people die after 20 days. Increasing the dose does not speed up death accordingly.

4) Diphacin sodium: It is khaki crystal or powder. The pure product is odorless and tasteless. It is soluble in ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in boiling water, and is stable.

Anti-rat is also yellow and insoluble in water. Its toxicological effects are basically the same as killing rats.

Diphacin sodium is more toxic to rats than warfarin, especially the difference between acute and chronic toxicity is much smaller than warfarin. Therefore, the number of feeding times can be reduced. However, its palatability is not as good as that of raticide.

Diphacin sodium is less toxic to chickens, ducks, cattle, and sheep, but more toxic to cats, rabbits, and dogs. It is also more toxic to humans and is not as safe as warfarin.

5) Rat Killer: This product is a slightly milky yellow crystal or powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene and ether, soluble in acetone and ethanol, and relatively stable. Its toxicological effects are similar to warfarin, but it still has a good killing effect on warfarin-resistant rats.

Ratkiller is more toxic than ratkiller, has a broad spectrum of effectiveness and is suitable for domestic wild rats. It has good palatability and good effect, but it is not very safe for poultry.

6) Chlorodiphacin: This product is yellow needle-shaped crystal or powder, odorless, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and ether, etc., and also has certain solubility in vegetable oil. Relatively stable. The toxicological effects are similar to warfarin, but the toxicity is stronger, and the difference between acute and chronic toxicity is smaller. Due to its strong acute toxicity, the frequency of dosing can be reduced and it is suitable for use in the wild. It is relatively safe for humans and livestock and has good palatability for rats. Its oil solution is often used as poison bait.

The above four chronic drugs are considered the first generation anticoagulant rodenticides. The following chronic drugs are second-generation products:

7) Bromadiolone: ??It is white crystal or powder, odorless and tasteless, almost insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and ethanol, and relatively stable. Its main function is similar to that of warfarin, but it can destroy rats that have become resistant to warfarin. Its toxicity is strong, especially its acute toxicity, so the number of feedings can be reduced, and the speed of action is still similar to that of the first-generation drugs. Can be used on house mice and wild mice. It is palatable and poses little threat to cats, dogs, and pigs, but poultry are sensitive to it.

8) Dalong: This product is a yellow-white powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, ethanol, etc., with stable properties. It works similarly to warfarin, but kills rats that are resistant to warfarin.

Dalong has strong acute and chronic toxicity with little difference. It has a broad target spectrum for rodent control and good palatability, and can reduce the number of feedings. Due to its strong acute toxicity, the risk to poultry and livestock has also increased.

9) Kill it: It is a white powder with similar toxic effects and biological activity to Dalong, and can effectively eliminate drug-resistant rats. It has strong acute and chronic toxicity and good palatability. The intermittent feeding method can be used to save poisonous bait. Safer for cats and chickens.

(2) Bait and additives: Whether the bait is something that rats like to eat is directly related to the effectiveness of rodent control. Currently, the most commonly used baits include the following categories: ① Whole grains or fragments thereof, such as wheat, rice, buckwheat, sorghum, millet, cracked corn, etc. This kind of bait is mainly added with rodenticide by adhesion or soaking method. Cereals should be fresh and old grains should not be used. In hot or humid seasons, it is better to use "living" grains such as wheat than "dead" grains such as rice. The former is not prone to mold and deterioration, and even if it germinates, it will have little impact on palatability; ② Grain flour, such as cornmeal, flour, etc. , mainly used to make mixed poison bait. Fish meal, etc. can also be added to grain powder to improve palatability. Such baits should also be kept fresh; ③ Compressed particles, a variety of powders are mixed in a certain proportion and pressed into strip particles, which can often be used as bait; ④ Vegetables or fruits, such as sweet potatoes, carrots, watermelon rinds, cucumbers and apples, etc. , mainly used to attach poisonous bait, ready for use; ⑤ Grain powder plus wax: Mix the grain powder and pour it into the melted wax to make a wax block poison bait, which can be used in humid places.

In order to improve the palatability of the bait, in addition to keeping it fresh, 1%-3% vegetable oil, or 0.5% salt plus 0.1% MSG, 3%-5% sugar or 0.1 % saccharin, a small amount of fish meal, a small amount of milk powder, etc. to increase the food intake of rats. It should be noted that there is no "universal" rodent attractant available to date.

Other additives used in preparing poison baits, such as warning colors, must also be acceptable to rats. At the same time, to avoid accidental ingestion, colors commonly used in food should not be used.

(3) Preparation of poisonous baits: When eradicating rats in epidemic areas, in addition to the intensive use of reliable commercial poisonous baits, self-prepared poisonous baits should have strict requirements from the following three aspects: ① Rodenticide, bait, and staining agent etc. must meet the standards. Do not use rodenticides with insufficient content or too many impurities, baits that are not fresh or that rats do not like to eat, and additives that affect palatability; ② Mix the bait evenly so that the rodenticides are evenly mixed with the baits. When using low-concentration rodenticides, the rodenticides should be made into mother powder or mother liquor first, and then mixed with the bait; ③ The concentration of rodenticides should be moderate. For chronic drugs, increasing the concentration will not increase the effectiveness accordingly. speed.

The three most commonly used poison bait preparation methods are adhesion method, mixing method and wax forming method.

Grain poison bait is commonly prepared by adhesion method.

For example: when preparing 2% zinc phosphide wheat poison bait, take the wheat, blow away the dust, remove stones, wheat straw and other debris, weigh 10kg and place it in a seed dressing container, and pour 200g of vegetable oil. Turn the seed dressing device to make the medicine evenly adhere to the wheat, add 50-100g of vegetable oil, and turn it for a while.

Granular poison baits are commonly prepared by mixing. For example, when preparing 0.025% sodium diphacin granule poison bait, first make the medicine into 0.5% mother powder, mix it with the powdery bait, add an appropriate amount of water (usually about 55%-65% of the weight of the bait), and mix it into a wet form. Noodles are extruded into strips using a machine (meat mixer or pellet feed machine), cut into sections, dried or dried before use.

Wax block poison baits used in wet places are often prepared by adding wax and forming. For example, to prepare 0.01% bromadiolone wax block poison bait, you can first mix bromadiolone and bait to a concentration of 0.0154% according to the adhesion method or mixing method, and then add 35% of the total amount of bromadiolone and bait. Melt the wax block, pour in the medicated bait, mix well, pour into the mold to cool, and can be used after solidification.

After the poisonous bait is prepared, it should be packed in special packages with obvious signs, indicating the product name, main ingredients and content, use and dosage, production date, unit, address, etc. Do not use the packaging of other items.

(4) Placement of poisonous bait: The placement of poisonous bait should be carried out by trained personnel. With zoning and contracting, the responsibility falls on the individual. The specific deployment method should be adapted to local conditions and based on the activity characteristics of rodents. Commonly used baiting methods are:

1) Feeding according to holes: suitable for wild mice with obvious holes and house mice in soil dwellings in northern rural areas. This method ensures that rats and poisonous bait will meet. The poisonous bait is thrown into the hole or outside the hole about 10cm away from the hole entrance. In the wild, you should avoid floating soil at the entrance of the hole to prevent poisonous bait from being buried. The acute poison bait is 0.5-1.0g per hole, the first-generation chronic drug is 20-30g, and the second-generation chronic drug is 5-10g. In situations where there are many rats and few holes, the dosage may be increased.

2) Place poison bait according to mouse tracks: It is difficult to find the entrance of house mouse holes in most areas, but the activity site is easy to determine. Poison bait can be placed according to this method. Some wild rat holes are not obvious, but the main activity areas are known, so they can be released according to this method. The amount of poison bait put in should be slightly higher than that put in holes; the number of poison bait piles depends on the density of rats. For house mice, the number of piles should be increased, but the amount of poison bait per pile can be reduced. The effect of using poison bait by this method is closely related to the professional level of the poison bait operator and the understanding of the rat situation.

3) Isometric delivery: It is mainly suitable for eradicating wild rats in open areas. It can also be used to eradicate domestic rats in large warehouses and large workshops. In the wild, according to the checkerboard pattern, a pile of poison bait is placed at a certain distance in each row or column. The row spacing and column spacing are not necessarily equal, but are generally 5-10m or 20m. Indoors, place a pile of poisonous bait every 10m or 20m along the wall. The weight of each dose of poison bait is similar to that of putting it in the hole.

4) Evenly placing bait: This method is suitable for use when the density of rats in the wild is high. Machinery or aircraft can be used to place bait. This method has high efficiency, but consumes a lot of energy.

5) Strip baiting: Used to kill wild rats, spreading poisonous bait in straight or curved lines at regular intervals according to the sowing pattern. The dosage of acute medicine is 1.0-1.5g/m, and the dosage of chronic medicine is 1.5-3.0g/m. The distance between strips depends on the species of rat, but is generally wider than 20m. In farmland areas, they can be deployed according to field ridges.

6) Poison bait packages and poison bait boxes: Use small plastic bags to seal and package grain or granular poison bait, and put the whole package in to prevent moisture and insects before rats bite through the packaging. Whether indoors or outdoors, it can be used in humid or rainy seasons.

In key epidemic areas, poison bait boxes or feeding stations can be promoted. Their functions are: ① Reduce and avoid accidental ingestion by humans and animals; ② Extend the potency period of poisonous baits; ③ Provide hidden eating places for rodents and increase feeding opportunities; ④ Relieve the concerns of household heads. It is suitable to deploy poisonous bait for a long time to control the density recovery.

Poison bait boxes can be made from local materials, and their design and structure vary from time to time and from time to time. Wood boards, fiberboards, bricks, adobe, cartons, bamboo tubes, cans, hollow bricks, etc. can be used.

Generally speaking, the volume should be relatively large, with two opposite entrances, close to the wall and close to the ground. Rats feeding on the poisonous bait in the box are slower than those who are completely exposed, but once they start feeding, they are more stable than eating outside the box. Those made of bricks and blanks have a short adaptation period, followed by those made of wooden boards and fiberboards, and even worse by those made of plastic boards, iron sheets or glass. But generally it should not exceed 5 days. If no rats have entered after 5 days, the deployment location should be changed. After placing the box, check frequently and replenish fresh bait in a timely manner.

After the rat density drops, just check and replenish or replace the poison bait once a month. When killing wild rats, the feeding station should be located in a place where rats often visit, and it should also be checked and replenished regularly.

In addition to poisonous baits, intestinal rodenticides can also be made into poisonous water, poisonous powder or poisonous paste.

3. Poison gas rodent control method: There are two types of poison gas rodent control method: one is a general chemical fumigant; the other is a smoke agent, which is only used in the wild.

(1) Aluminum phosphide: Most of this product has been processed into gray-green tablets when leaving the factory, each tablet is 3g. When in use, open the container, take out the tablets and quickly put them into the mouse hole, and immediately seal the hole. When aluminum phosphide meets water vapor in the air or moisture in the soil in the cave, it immediately decomposes and releases phosphine to play its role. Generally, only one piece of aluminum phosphide is needed for a rat hole.

Calcium phosphide releases phosphine when it encounters water vapor, and it also has a strong rodent killing effect. It can be used in the same way as aluminum phosphide.

(2) Chloropicrin: This product is a colorless oily liquid with strong irritation. The specific gravity is greater than water, easily soluble in ether, ethanol, etc., but difficult to dissolve in water. When in use, pour it on a carrier (such as dried cow dung, old cotton, fine sand, hay bundles, etc.), put it into the hole, and plug it tightly. Generally, 3~5ml per hole.

(3) Smoke agent: generally composed of combustion accelerant, fuel and main drug. 20% to 30% sodium nitrate is commonly used as a combustion accelerant, with sawdust, coal powder, cow dung powder, etc. as fuel, plus the main drug. It is also possible to add a combustion accelerant without adding the main ingredient. After burning, a large amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be produced, which can cause rats to suffocate to death. When using it, clear the floating soil in the tunnel, light the smoke agent, quickly put it into the cave, and seal the entrance of the cave. Generally, 20~30g is thrown per hole. Strict fire precautions must be taken when manufacturing and using smoke agents. The fuse for igniting the smoke agent can be made according to the formula of the firecracker fuse, using incense, rotten wood or sunflower poles to ignite the fire.

4. Biological rodent control method

The organisms used to kill rats include not only the natural enemies of various rats, but also the pathogenic microorganisms and parasites of rats; the latter are easy to Causes immunity, has poor effect and is rarely used. The World Health Organization generally takes a negative stance on microbial rodent control.

The evaluation of natural enemies in rodent control in epidemic areas is different from that in general rodent control. Domestic cats can only reduce the density of rats by 1/3 to 1/2. Due to the high density of rats, cats can transport plague rats and their external parasites, increasing the chance of people getting sick; cats themselves can carry viruses and The virus is excreted in urine, so keeping cats should not be encouraged in epidemic areas. For wild natural enemies such as eagles and snakes, we should try our best to protect them, prohibit hunting, provide them with habitats as much as possible, and supplement them with food when necessary to reduce the chance of secondary poisoning. However, since the number of natural enemies is far less than that of rodents, and their rodent hunting activities are thin and long-flowing, the rodent density cannot be reduced quickly in the short term. Therefore, relying solely on natural enemies to eliminate rodents cannot meet the requirements for disease prevention and can only be used as an auxiliary means.