Prevention and control measures for falling accidents from high places?

What are the specific contents of prevention and control measures for falling accidents? Here, Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions.

The so-called aerial work refers to the work carried out at a height of more than 2 meters (including 2 meters) from the datum plane that may fall. The casualties caused by falling during this operation are called high-altitude falling accidents. Such accidents occur in all industries, and most of them are Jian 'an enterprises, accounting for about 20% of all accidents.

1. Law of falling accidents from high places

The law of falling accident from height refers to the general manifestation that when people are engaged in aerial work, the abnormal movement caused by the combination of people and related objects is out of control and disasters occur after quantitative change and accumulation. If we master the law, we can effectively prevent and control it.

1. 1 falling accident category

There are about nine types of falling accidents:

1. 1. 1 hole falling (reserved hole, access opening, stairs, elevator opening, balcony opening falling, etc. );

1. 1.2 landed on the scaffold;

1. 1.3 falling in the air;

1. 1.4 lightweight roofs such as asbestos shingles fall;

1. 1.5 decreased in the demolition project;

1. 1.6 falling during climbing;

1. 1.7 falling from the ladder;

1. 1.8 roof falling;

1. 1.9 falling from other heights (falling from iron towers, telephone poles, equipment, frames, trees and other objects, etc.). ).

1.2 cause of falling accident from a height

1.2. 1 personality reasons

Personality causes refer to the specific causes of each type of fall accident. For example:

A. The specific reasons for the fall accident at the entrance of the cave are: the body loses balance due to careless operation at the entrance of the cave; Fall into a hole by mistake while acting; Sit by the hole to rest and slip; There is no safety protection at the mouth of the cave; Safety protection facilities are not firm, damaged and not handled in time; No eye-catching warning signs, etc.

B. The specific causes of falling accidents on scaffolding mainly include: stepping on the probe board; Stepping empty, tripping, slipping and falling when walking; When operating, bend over, turn around and accidentally hit the bar and lose balance; Sit on the railing or scaffolding to rest and play; Stand on the railing and operate; Scaffolding is not covered or unevenly laid; Protective railings are not bound or damaged; No safety protection layer is laid under the operation layer; Scaffolding is overloaded and damaged.

C. The specific reasons for falling accidents during suspended high-altitude operation mainly include: narrow foothold, excessive working force, out-of-control body, and the center of gravity exceeding the foothold; Foot slippery or uncomfortable, out of control; Not wearing a seat belt or not using it correctly, or unfastening it when walking; Seat belt hook is not firm or has no firm hook, etc.

D. The concrete reasons for the roof cornice falling accident mainly include: the roof slope is greater than 25, and there is no anti-skid measures; The cornice on the roof is carelessly operated and the body is out of balance; The cornice member is not firm or broken, and people fall with it.

1.2.2 * *

* * * Sexual causes refer to a series of causes formed by basic causes, root causes, indirect causes and direct causes in the process of any high-altitude falling accident.

A. The root cause is that the safety foundation of aerial work is not firm. Its performance is: people do not meet the safety requirements for working at heights, and things do not meet the safety standards for use. For example, people engaged in aerial work lack safety awareness and skills, and are in poor health or sick; Various objects and safety protection facilities related to aerial work are defective, etc.

B the root cause is abnormal aerial work in violation of building regulations. Its performance is: the safety rules and regulations are not perfect, there are rules that are not followed, illegal command and illegal operation. For example, the clothes of people engaged in aerial work do not meet the safety requirements, there are no safety measures when working at heights, and they violate labor discipline and work after drinking; Safety protection facilities are incomplete, ineffective, or dismantled, moved or damaged without authorization during construction, but not repaired in time.

C. the indirect reason is that the abnormal movement of aerial work is out of control. Its manifestations are: due to lax safety management, there is no effective safety control means, the abnormal behavior of illegal operation of people who do not meet the safety requirements, and the abnormal state of tools, equipment and other substances that do not meet the safety standards, which cannot be found and changed in time.

D the direct cause is that the abnormal movement of aerial work has caused disastrous consequences. Its performance is: due to the abnormal behavior of people and the abnormal state of things out of control, after the abnormal accumulation of quantitative changes, when the abnormal combination of people and things has a catastrophe, such as people falling from the hole, scaffolding, equipment, telephone poles and so on. , causing personal injury, thus forming a falling accident.

2. The main points of preventing and controlling falling accidents from high places

According to the objective requirements of safety management, safety laws and accident laws should be used to prevent and control accidents. In order to change the abnormal behavior of people, the abnormal state of things, and the abnormal combination of people and things, we should effectively prevent and control falling accidents in advance in essence. It is also divided into specific prevention and control and comprehensive prevention and control.

2. 1 Specific prevention and control of falling accidents at heights

The specific prevention and control of falling accidents is to put forward the specific prevention and control points of each type of falling accidents according to the specific reasons of different types of falling accidents. For example:

2. 1.65438+

net）； The hole protection facilities, if damaged, must be repaired in time; It is forbidden to move or dismantle the hole protection facilities without authorization; Be careful when operating near the hole, and don't turn your back on the hole; Don't rest, play around the hole, go through the hole and walk from the hole cover; At the same time, eye-catching warning signs must be hung at the hole.

2. 1.2 prevention and control points of scaffold falling accident: scaffolding should be erected and scaffolding laid according to regulations, and probe boards are not allowed; Fasten the protective railing firmly and hang up the safety net; Scaffolding load shall not exceed 270kg/m2；; ; Scaffolding is too wide from the wall, so safety protection should be added; And the implementation of scaffolding acceptance and use inspection system, found that the problem handled in time.

2. 1.3 Key points of prevention and control of falling accidents during aerial work: strengthen the cooperation between construction plan and various construction units and types of work, and make full use of safety facilities such as scaffolding to avoid or reduce aerial work; Operators should be extra careful to avoid excessive force and physical instability; Operators at suspended heights must wear anti-skid shoes with soft soles and use safety belts correctly. Physical illness or fatigue, lack of energy, etc. Are not suitable for hanging high.

2. 1.4 key points for prevention and control of roof cornice falling accidents: roofing operators should wear anti-skid shoes with soft soles, and anti-skid measures should be taken when the roof slope is greater than 25; When working on the roof, you can't leave the cornice; Using external scaffolding engineering construction, the external stud should be higher than the cornice 1.2m, and a safety net should be hung, and the cornice external frame should be covered with scaffolding; For engineering construction without external scaffolding, a safety net should be set under the eaves.

2.2 Comprehensive prevention and control of falling accidents from high places

Comprehensive prevention and control of falling accidents is the key point of comprehensive prevention and control of falling accidents according to different categories and series of reasons.

2.2. 1 For personnel engaged in high-altitude operations, safety publicity and education and safety technical training should be conducted frequently, so that they can understand the laws and hazards of falling accidents from high places, firmly establish safety ideas, have the ability to prevent and control accidents, and strictly enforce safety laws and regulations. When you find yourself or others,

When there is abnormal behavior of illegal operation, or when the objects and protective measures related to aerial work are found to be in an abnormal state, they should be replaced in time to meet the safety requirements, so as to prevent and control the occurrence of falling accidents.

2.2.2 The physical conditions of workers working at heights shall meet the safety requirements. For example, people who are not suitable for aerial work such as hypertension, heart disease, anemia and epilepsy are prohibited from aerial work; People who are tired, depressed and depressed should stop working at heights; No aerial work after drinking alcohol.

2.2.3 Personal dress of workers working at heights shall meet the safety requirements. Such as: equipped with safety helmet, safety belt and related labor protection articles according to actual needs; Do not wear high heels, slippers or work barefoot, but wear soft-soled non-slip shoes; You are not allowed to climb scaffolding or take a hanging basket, and you are not allowed to jump up and down from a height.

2.2.4 All kinds of scaffolding shall be pitched as required. When the height of the shelf exceeds 3 meters, two protective fences should be tied to each floor, and skirting boards should be set up. Scaffolding should be laid tightly, and the plate head and row of wood should be tied tightly, and no probe plate can be left.

When using bridge scaffolding, special attention should be paid to whether the bridge piles and walls are firm and geometric. When getting on and off the bridge, the safety rope should be hung up, and the lifting at both ends of the bridge should be carried out simultaneously. Suspension bridge workers should hang safety belts on the pillars of the bridge. Suspension bridge spreader shall comply with design standards and safety regulations.

When using the hanging basket frame and hanger, the sling must be firm. When using the hanging basket frame, the safety rope or safety fixing device must be hung. When lifting the hanging basket, the safety rope shall be adjusted with the lifting and shall not be removed. The sides and outer sides of hanging basket shelves and hangers shall be sealed with nets. A protective net or shed should be set at the top of the hanging basket, a protective fence should be tied to the inside of the hanging basket, and a skirting board should be set. The inverted chain and chain block of lifting bridge and hanging basket can only be used after being appraised by the technical department. At least 2t shall be used for chain reverse, 3t shall be used for chain block, and steel ropes with diameters greater than 12.5mm shall be used for load-bearing steel ropes and safety ropes. In addition, when using socket rack, hanging basket and bridge, it is forbidden to overload.

2.2.5 A safety net shall be set up according to the specified requirements. All construction projects exceeding 4m shall be built on the first floor.

A safety net with a width of 3 to 6 meters should be set on the floor. During high-rise construction, a 3m-wide fixed safety net shall be set every four floors above the first safety net. If the construction layer is protected by vertical net, it should be ensured that the vertical net is higher than the building 1m, and the vertical net should be closely overlapped. We must ensure the specifications and quality of the safety net and its safe and reliable use.

2.2.6 Safety protection should be done at the entrance of the cave, and the specific method is the same as the prevention and control measures for falling accidents at the entrance of the cave.

2.2.7 When using high stools and ladders, only 65,438+0 people can operate on a single ladder, and the angle should be 60 to 70, and anti-skid measures should be taken for the waste of ladders; When erecting a herringbone ladder, the included angle between the two ladders should be kept at 40, and the two ladders should be firm. No one is allowed to stand on the ladder when moving it. When using a high stool, only 1 person is allowed to stand on a single stool. After the two stools are separated, the distance between the two stools shall not exceed 3m. If higher ladders and benches are used, corresponding safety measures should be taken as needed.

2.2.8 In the absence of reliable protective facilities, work at heights must wear a safety belt, otherwise work at heights is not allowed. At the same time, the quality of seat belts must meet the safety requirements, and they should be hung high and used low.

2.2.9 Before climbing, you must check whether the pedal is safe and reliable, such as whether the pedal has bearing capacity; Whether the root of the wooden pole is rotten. It is forbidden to walk on asbestos shingles, particleboard and plywood ceilings.

2.2. 10 It is forbidden to carry out aerial work in the open air in six-level gale or heavy rain, heavy snow and foggy weather. In addition, safety inspection must be carried out during aerial work. If abnormal behaviors of people and things are found, they should be eliminated in time to meet the safety requirements, so as to control the occurrence of falling accidents.

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