What is the development history of China's family planning policy?

Fertility policy is a regulation policy of population reproduction formulated by a country or region according to social and economic development and the bearing capacity of resources and environment, and it is an important part of social policy. It plays a decisive role in population quantity, population structure and population quality by influencing the process of population reproduction. The historical evolution of family planning in China is as follows:

Since the founding of New China, China's birth policy has gradually emerged, developed and improved in the practice of population control, and has experienced a tortuous development process from encouraging birth, controlling birth and repeated birth, and then limiting birth. Its development process is divided into six stages:

First, encourage the reproductive stage (1949- 1953). At the beginning of the founding of New China, everything had to be done, and the country needed a lot of labor to put into production and construction. Under the background of backward production technology, the number of working population is an important factor to determine the development ability of productive forces. At this stage, as Mao Zedong once pointed out in "The Bankruptcy of Idealism", "China's large population is a good thing", and the concept that many people are power is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Moreover, in the international political environment at that time, China's population policy was seriously influenced by the Soviet population policy. The Ministry of Health in the State Council, China fully supported and publicized the Soviet policy of encouraging population growth and rewarding mothers with many children.

The second is the recurrence stage of birth control (1954- 1959). Population phenomenon is a long-term event. During this period, national policy makers realized the relationship between population and economic development, and were worried about the rapid population growth. The Party and the government have recognized the necessity of population control and family planning, and started to support the masses in contraception. Ma Yinchu's "New Population Theory" is a representative ideological understanding of the population situation. However, the Great Leap Forward Movement of 1958 shook the original concept of family planning and objectively caused the concept of encouraging population growth to occupy a dominant position again.

The third stage is the revival of family planning thought (1960- 1969). Faced with the dual pressures of rapid population growth and serious economic retrogression, the government has re-recognized the impact of rapid population growth on social economy and people's lives, and proposed to implement family planning in cities and densely populated rural areas, appropriately control the natural population growth rate, and vigorously advocate late marriage as specific measures to control population growth. Although the "Cultural Revolution" took place during this period, the attitude of the Party and the government to control population and family planning has not changed.

IV. Starting and tightening stage of family planning policy (1970- 1984 spring). With the increasing imbalance between population and economic development, the government has put family planning work on the work agenda. In terms of organizational structure, a leading group for family planning has been established in the State Council, and family planning institutions have also been established in various regions, forming a "late, less, less" birth policy. With the 1980 Central Committee's Open Letter on Controlling China's Population Growth to All * * * party member and * * Communist Youth League Members as a symbol, the birth policy was further tightened, and the "maximum of two" in the 1960s+0970s was changed into a policy of strictly controlling the birth of the second child and the only child. However, the one-child birth policy is seriously out of touch with rural production reality and farmers' fertility will, which leads to heavy resistance to policy implementation and frequent vicious incidents.

V. Adjustment stage of family planning policy (1984- 1999). In the situation that the implementation of the one-child policy in rural areas is in a dilemma, 1984 Central Document No.7 proposes that the conditions for giving birth to a second child in rural areas should be appropriately relaxed; 1990, the rapid growth of new population has brought great pressure to the country's economic and social development and the improvement of people's lives. The Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Strengthening Family Planning Work and Strictly Controlling Population Growth reaffirms that it is necessary to unswervingly implement the family planning policy, maintain the stability and continuity of the policy, and place family planning work in the same important position as economic construction.

The sixth stage is to stabilize the low fertility level (from 2000 to 20 12). After realizing the transformation of population reproduction type, the Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Strengthening Population and Family Planning Work to Stabilize the Low Fertility Level issued in 2000 shows that the main tasks of population and family planning work will shift to stabilizing the low fertility level and improving the quality of the born population. Against the background of unprecedented complexity of population development, the Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Comprehensively Strengthening Population and Family Planning Work to Solve the Population Problem issued in 2007 reiterated that the low fertility level should be kept stable.

Seventh, the new stage of family planning. 20 13 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to start the implementation of the "two children alone" policy. Subsequently, the Sixth Session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted the Resolution on Adjusting and Perfecting the Birth Policy, and the policy of "having two children alone" was formally implemented. After the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on 20 15, it was clearly put forward that "a couple can have two children in an all-round way", and the influence of the comprehensive two-child policy became the focus of social attention. 20 15, 15 On February 27th, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) voted to pass the amendment to the population and family planning law, which was formally implemented in the universal two-child policy on June 27th, 20 1 year. Starting from 20 13, family planning has entered a new stage.

To sum up, from the early days of the founding of New China to the implementation of the policy of "late, rare and few" in the 1970s, the birth policy experienced a process of constant adjustment. No matter in which period, the birth policy is the result of in-depth analysis of the population situation at that time and the relationship between population and social and economic development. Different understanding of population situation and development trend will lead to different policies.

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The historical evolution and development direction of China's birth policy-theory-people's network