What is the grafting method of Camellia oleifera (describe the grafting time and technology of Camellia oleifera)

Grafting technology of Camellia oleifera seedlings

Cultivate 1 rootstock seedlings

1. 1 seed collection

Camellia oleifera in Gaozhou area generally matures around the first frost, and the seeds for seedling cultivation generally mature in mid-June, so it is necessary to collect fully mature seeds for seedling cultivation. The characteristics of tea fruit ripening are that the hair on the peel of Camellia oleifera naturally falls off and becomes smooth and bright; The seeds are black, shiny or dark brown. The collected Camellia oleifera fruits cannot be dried. Put them on the beach in a ventilated place indoors and let them crack naturally. After crushing, the seeds are peeled off, screened with a sieve with a pore size of about 2.0 cm, small seeds are removed, and large and full seeds (380 ~ 440 seeds/kg) are selected.

1.2 sowing

Choose a sand bed for sowing. Sow the seeds on the sand bed without overlapping, then cover them with sand about 10 cm, and spray water frequently to ensure that the seeds have enough water when they germinate. When the seedlings are unearthed and the leaves are unfolded, they can be moved into bags.

1.3 Transplanting, bagging and management methods

In the nursery, the substrate was packed with 8cm× 15cm plastic seedling bags and put into a seedbed with a width of 1m, and the substrate was 70% yellow soil and 30% burnt soil. When the leaves of Camellia oleifera seedlings are unearthed, move them into bags, and do not touch the cotyledons of Camellia oleifera seeds when bagging. After bagging, support them with a bamboo bow and cover them.

Building a shade shed, collecting and storing scions.

After the seedbed is completed, put up a shade shed. The height in the shed is about 1.7 ~ 1.8 m, and the spacing between piles in the shed is 3 ~ 5 m, that is, 1 row piles are driven in two seedbeds or three seedbeds, which is convenient for personnel to enter and manage. The shed surface is pulled horizontally with iron wire as the diameter, covered with a sunshade net with a shading degree of more than 70%, and fastened tightly. The scion is required to choose the spring shoots that are semi-lignified, free from pests and diseases and full of leaves and buds. After the scion is harvested, it can not be used up at one time, but can be sealed and stored in plastic bags for 2 ~ 3 days.

3 Tools and materials, grafting time and grafting method

Blade: A single-sided safety blade can be used. Aluminum sheet: 3 ~ 4cm long and 1 cm wide, which can be made of toothpaste skin. Towel: used for moisturizing grafted seedlings. Hip flask: Used for watering. Small wood block: 10cm× 10cm, used for anvil cutting. Film: Seedbed moisturizing. According to the lignification degree of cuttings, grafting should be carried out in some areas from February to April of that year, and in some areas from late March to June. Grafting should be done on sunny days to avoid rainy days. The following is the specific grafting method. Cyclocarya paliurus

3. 1 scion cutting

After the collected scions are cleaned and disinfected with multi-bacteria solution, the buds are cut with branches according to 1 leaf, and the intact leaves are kept. The length of the cut scion is about 3 ~ 4 cm. If the distance between branches is not long, then the distance between two leaf buds can be regarded as a scion. Leaves near the relevant eyes can be preserved, usually the upper buds, while the lower buds need to be cut off. If the scion has been cut, relevant technicians can put it on the small board, then press the upper part with their left hand, and the right hand needs to use relevant tools to cut both sides of the lower part, and then make the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape, and control the cutting length, which is usually within the range of 1 ~ 1.5 cm. During the operation, it is necessary to strictly control the strength to avoid damaging the leaves and wrap the scion with a wet towel. Cutting scions requires strict skills, neither too much nor too little, to avoid water loss.

3.2 transplanting rice

Cutting usually adopts two methods: cutting method. For the part about 5 cm away from the base, the depth needs to be strictly controlled. Generally, the depth must be less than half of the diameter, and the length of the incision is about 1cm. Cut and cut the rhizome at the blade. Split method. At a distance of about 5 cm from the base, the branches were cut off with a blade, and the depth was about 1 cm toward the pith of the rootstock. Jihuashanyao

3.3 Banding and cutting

Cover the incision with aluminum sheet, insert the scion from top to bottom, and wrap it tightly with aluminum sheet during the insertion to ensure that the incision is horizontal with the aluminum sheet.

4 Related management after grafting

4. 1 recovery period management

Usually, 30 days after successful grafting is called healing period. In this process, the main work is to check the temperature and humidity of the small arch shed. If the humidity is not enough, the spray should be released to keep the air circulation in the small arch shed, so that the humidity exceeds 95%. If the temperature in the small arch shed is high, it can be sprayed, and the film can be uncovered to reduce the temperature of the small arch shed, and it can be sprayed regularly and sprayed with related drugs. It can supplement a certain amount of organic fertilizer for seedlings and weed in time.

4.2 Subsequent management

After grafting 1 month, the scion began to germinate. When the scion fully germinated and unfolded its leaves, it began to gradually uncover the film for seedling training, that is, both ends of the small arch shed were opened in the evening, and the small arch shed was gradually opened in the evening after spraying water the next morning, and it was uncovered the next day. At noon, it was covered when the sun was fierce. When the extracted scion leaves began to turn green and mature, all the films could be uncovered. During this period, it is necessary to spray pesticides and foliar fertilizers regularly.

4.3 Post-seedling management

After the grafted seedlings mature, they enter the seedling stage. During this period, we can uncover the black net in the shade shed, pick out the dead or non-living seedlings, and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Apply 0.2% ternary compound fertilizer +0.2% nitrogen fertilizer every 10d and spray 1 5d. The agricultural drugs used should be used in rotation to prevent drug resistance. Weeding should be done in time to prevent water accumulation, and seedlings can be planted on the mountain when they grow to 2 buds 30 cm high. Before the seedlings are planted on the mountain, the roots should be cut off for 10d days to ensure the survival rate of seedlings.

The survival rate of grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera is high, which grows faster and stronger than grafted seedlings of budding rootstocks. This method is simple and easy to master, and can be used for large-scale production and seedling raising, with ideal effect and worth popularizing. Using the seed seedlings of Gaozhou Camellia oleifera as rootstock, the grafting survival rate is higher than that of ordinary Camellia oleifera, and it grows healthily. Because Gaozhou Camellia oleifera is a poor variety, the cultivated seedlings grow rapidly.