Answers to reading Guqin in "High Mountains and Flowing Waters"

Mountains and Flowing Waters Talking about Guqin ① At the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the central venue of the Bird's Nest was as flat as a huge bookcase. An ancient Chinese scroll scroll on the desk slowly unfolded, the guqin played, and "Mountains and Flowing Waters" flowed into the scene. middle. The natural sound emitted by the heavy plucked strings of the guqin makes people's soul tremble, bringing the elegance contained in Chinese culture to the extreme.

② The qin is an ancient plucked instrument with a history of nearly 3,000 years in my country. By the Spring and Autumn Period, it had become a solo instrument. There are many poems in "The Book of Songs" that mention the guqin, such as "Guanyong" "A graceful lady, playing the harp and harp as a friend"; "Tangdi" "The wife is so good together, like playing the drum and playing the harp" and so on. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" also records the story of Boya playing the piano and Zhong Ziqi being good at listening. It is said that when Boya played the piano, whether he expressed "the towering ambition is in the mountains" or "the vast ambition is in the flowing water", his good friend Zhong Ziqi could understand it. After Ziqi's death, Bo Ya lost his close friend due to pain and never played the harp again.

③ Guqin is generally about 130 cm long, 20 cm wide and 5 cm thick. The piano is mostly made of paulownia wood top and catalpa wood bottom board, and the surface is painted with Chinese lacquer. The panel, also known as the piano surface, is made of arched rectangular wooden boards. The piano surface has no frets and columns. There are two rectangular and circular sound holes of different sizes on the bottom plate to transmit sound downward; one is called Longchi and the other is called Fengmarsh. There are 13 small star-shaped emblems made of mother-of-pearl inlaid on the outside of the piano surface, which are symbols of overtones and fretted phonemes. There are seven strings on the surface of the piano, arranged from outside to inside, from thick to thin.

④ There are four forms of guqin performance: solo, qin and flute ensemble, qinge (accompanying singing with guqin) and "graceful music" ensemble, the most common of which is solo. When playing, place the piano horizontally on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, and press the strings with your left hand. Guqin has very rich timbres, and the plucked string timbres mainly have three variations: scattered, pan and pressed. Sanyin is pronounced by the open strings, with a rich and powerful tone; overtones are produced by lightly touching the emblem with the left hand, which is as transparent as beads, profound and pure; fretted sounds are produced by pressing the strings with the left hand, which not only makes the sound solid and clear, but also allows the fingers to move on the strings. Move freely to produce various effects such as portamento and vibrato.

⑤ The guqin has a profound charm, and the artistic conception pursued by guqin music is often quiet, profound, tranquil and neutral. Therefore, guqin has always been a required course for Chinese literati to cultivate their moral character and is listed as the first of the "Four Arts". Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, "sits alone in the secluded bamboo forest, playing the piano and roaring loudly" ("Zhuli Pavilion"). Playing the piano in the bamboo forest has the experience of forgetting both things and myself, and integrating with nature. Bai Juyi lamented that "the seven strings are good friends, and the two ears are bosom friends. When the heart is calm, the sound is indifferent, and there is no past and present in it" ("Ship to the Qin at Night"). In the process of listening to the music of the piano, he forgets the past and the present, transcends the world, and enters a tranquil and lofty realm. The realm described in Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room" is "The moss marks on the steps are green, and the grass is green on the curtains. ...You can tune the plain qin and read the Golden Scripture." Although his room is simple, the sound of the "plain qin" is floating around. It seems extremely elegant. In his later years in the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu called himself a "six-one layman", and his "six-one" consisted of a pot of wine, a game of chess, a piano, ten thousand volumes of poetry and books, a thousand volumes of gold and stone, and an old man. Although Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty could not play the harp, he still prepared a stringless harp. Whenever friends got together, he would play the stringless harp. He wrote in the poem: "But if you know the joy of the piano, why bother to play the strings?" He seeks spiritual enrichment and satisfaction in loneliness and nothingness.

⑥ "The qin player is the leader of music." Guqin is a representative of traditional Chinese music culture and is included in the "Representative List of Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO. Urban people who are busy running around in the concrete forest might as well slow down the pace of life, use a calm heart to appreciate the profound meaning of each string and note, let the music sing in the body, and seize the moment of being moved... …(with deletions)

1. What is the function of paragraph 1 of the selected text?

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2. Tell me about the aspects of Guqin introduced in paragraphs 2-5? (No more than 10 words for each aspect)

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3. A variety of explanation methods are used in the article. Please point out one of them and analyze its role with an example.

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4. Analyze the expression effect of the bold words in the following sentences.

The guqin has a very rich timbre, and the plucked string timbre mainly has three variations: scattered, pan and pressed.

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5. Comprehensive inquiry.

(1) What do the “four arts” in paragraph 5 refer to?

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(2) Please draft a slogan for the promotion of Guqin.

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Answer: 1. Through the description of the scene, the language is vivid and stimulates the readers' interest in reading; it also introduces the object of explanation (introducing the explanation of the guqin below).

2. The history of Guqin; the structure of Guqin; the playing form and timbre of Guqin; the function of Guqin (it can cultivate one’s moral character).

3. Example ①: Explanation method: Example sentences: There are many poems in "The Book of Songs" that mention the guqin, such as "Guanju" "A graceful lady, the harp and harp are friends"; "Tangdi" "The wife is so good together, like playing the harp and playing the harp", etc. . Function: It concretely and truly explains the long history of Guqin.

Example ②: Explanation method: List numbers and sentences: Qin is generally about 130 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 5 cm thick. Function: scientifically and accurately explains the size of the piano.

4. The word "main" indicates that these three changes are the most important among the plucked timbres, but they are not the only three. It leaves room for words and reflects the accuracy and rigor of the expository language.

5. (1) Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting

(2) Example ①: Appreciate beautiful Qin music and live an elegant life.

Example 2: An elegant life starts with "Qin".