How to find stealth fighters? Can China find stealth fighters? If stealth fighters can really do that, then China will not become a living target

China once introduced Tamara (nicknamed "trash can") and Vera -E anti-low detectable technology radar (passive mode), which can receive the signals emitted by stealth aircraft, so it can detect stealth aircraft.

The early stealth aircraft (like this F117 in the picture) mainly reduced the radar reflection area of the aircraft through ingenious shape design, supplemented by special coatings that absorbed radar waves, making it difficult for the enemy to detect. It was the "Vera" radar developed by Czechs that discovered the F-117. The American explanation is that F-117 stealth coating does not have complete stealth capability for long-wave radar.

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"Vera" radar system? YLC-2 radar is a passive radar which uses direction finding and time difference positioning technology to detect, locate and identify targets. Its main combat targets include: a) air targets with source radar, including fighters, airborne early warning aircraft, drones, etc. b) ground targets with source radar, including ground-based early warning radar, ground-based air defense radar, ground fire control radar, etc. C) Various ships with source radars; D) Other communication equipment with signal radiation 2. Key features. Good concealment: because the system adopts passive system, it does not radiate electromagnetic waves, so it is not easy to be detected by the enemy. It has anti-ARM (anti-radiation missile) capability. Long detection distance: the system uses the tropospheric scattering characteristics and has the ability of over-the-horizon monitoring. Strong anti-interference ability: the system can work in complex electronic environment. Good maneuverability: the system adopts vehicle-mounted transportation mode, and uses technologies such as hydraulic automatic leveling, automatic north finding and antenna electric lifting, etc., which can complete the system removal within one hour. Fast transfer. Working frequency bandwidth: the system adopts a frequency-band antenna feed system and a frequency-band receiver to meet the frequency range of . 38-12GHZ requirements. Strong signal adaptability: the system detects non-cooperative signals and can adapt to various signal forms, including various radar signals, communication signals and jamming signals. High positioning accuracy: adopting high-precision measurement technology and communication transmission technology, the accurate positioning of the target is realized. Have the ability of target identification: at the same time, you can get the information of target carrier frequency, signal form and so on, and realize the identification of radiation source and radiation source platform through your own database. YLC-2 is a passive surveillance radar system very similar to the "Vera" system developed by Czech ERA company. In 24, China ordered six "Vera" systems worth $55 million from the Czech Republic, but it is said that the transaction was cancelled due to the opposition of the US government. VERA-E system was originally developed as an ELINT system to locate enemy electronic sensors, but it was later found that this system can be effectively used to find stealth aircraft that cannot be detected by traditional radar systems. The system adopts TDOA technology (TDOA technology was first applied to radar system, and now GPS positioning system also adopts this technology. It uses the clock synchronization between base stations and the time when signals arrive at different base stations, and uses the positioning algorithm to calculate the position. ), the two-dimensional coordinates of the target can be obtained by using three receivers, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the target can be obtained by using four receivers. The more receivers, the higher the accuracy of obtaining the target data. It was the "Vera" radar developed by Czechs that discovered the F-117. The American explanation is that F-117 stealth coating does not have complete stealth capability for long-wave radar.

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by the way, the principle of stealth technology

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stealth technology, commonly known as stealth technology, the accurate term should be "lowlbservabletechnology". That is, by studying and using various technical means to change the detectability information characteristics of one's own target, the probability of detection by the other's detection system is reduced to the greatest extent, so that one's own target and one's own weapons and equipment are not found and detected by the enemy's detection system. Stealth technology is an application and extension of traditional camouflage technology. Its appearance makes camouflage technology move from defensive to offensive, from passive to active, enhancing the survivability of troops and improving the threat to the enemy. For example, radar and communication equipment emit electromagnetic waves when they work, and the surface will reflect electromagnetic waves, while running engines and other heating parts will radiate infrared rays. In this way, the weapons and equipment are in sharp contrast with its background and are easy to be found by the enemy. Through various channels, we try to weaken our own characteristic signals as much as possible, reduce the reflection of external electromagnetic waves, light waves and infrared rays, and make it difficult to distinguish them from the background outside, thus hiding ourselves. This is the "low detectable technology".

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Stealth technologies include radar stealth, infrared stealth, magnetic stealth, acoustic stealth and visible stealth. Many weapons and equipment, such as airplanes, missiles, ships, tanks, chariots, mines, cannons, etc., can take stealth measures to hide themselves. The stealth aircraft first appeared, which realized stealth by reducing the radar cross section and its own infrared radiation, and adopted unique shape design and wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting materials to reduce the reflection of radar waves by the aircraft. Reduce the temperature of jet of aircraft engine or take heat insulation and heat dissipation measures to weaken infrared radiation. The F-117A stealth fighter-bomber and B-2 stealth bomber of the United States have been equipped with troops, and the F-22 stealth combat being developed will be put into service in the early 21st century. Stealth technology has also been applied to ships, such as the superstructure of the US Navy's "arleigh burke" class destroyer, and the Swedish-made stealth boat has begun trial. The noise reduction measures of submarines belong to acoustic stealth technology. In addition, stealth tanks, stealth armored vehicles, stealth artillery, stealth cruise missiles and other stealth mines are also under development.

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here are the anti-stealth techniques

. . . ① At present, radar stealth measures are aimed at centimeter-wave radar. Changing the working wavelength of detection radar can invalidate these stealth measures. For example, the existing over-the-horizon radar has a working frequency of 2 ~ 6 MHz, which can be used to detect stealth targets; (2) Using bistatic/multistatic radar to detect stealth targets from the side; (3) Using early warning aircraft, early warning satellites, early warning drones and even high-altitude balloons and airships to detect targets from parts with weak stealth measures; (4) improve radar pulse energy and radar signal processing quality, and can detect stealth aircraft with radar cross-sectional area above .1 square meters; ⑤ Stealth targets can be found by using new radar systems, such as carrier-free radar, dual-band or multi-band radar and harmonic radar. ⑥ Use a radar network composed of multiple radars to detect stealth targets. This kind of confrontation cycle between technology and weapon system has promoted the development of related technologies and weapon systems to a higher level. ▲? Intensify research on high-sensitivity radar High-sensitivity radar usually includes: advanced monostatic radar (broadband/ultra-broadband radar, over-the-horizon radar), bistatic radar, millimeter-wave radar, ultra-high range resolution radar, synthetic aperture/inverse aperture radar, multi-function phased array radar, laser radar, etc. At present, the high sensitivity radar in the United States is in the stage of research and prototype test. It is expected that there will be new breakthroughs in high-sensitivity radar technology, such as developing frequency generators with higher stability, systems with stronger signal processing capabilities, receivers with wider dynamic range and analog-to-digital converters. ▲ Expanding the working band of radar Because stealth weapons are usually designed for centimeter-band radar, expanding the working band of radar to meter band, millimeter band and even infrared band and laser band will have certain anti-stealth ability. The us military is building AN/FPS-118 over-the-horizon early warning radar working in the meter band; A small tactical over-the-horizon radar with adjustable defense for navy has been successfully developed. The US Air Force plans to install a 35 GHz millimeter-wave radar seeker for the Patriot air defense missile, and has started the research on the lidar early warning system. ▲ Install the radar system on the air or space platform. The stealth focus of stealth aircraft is generally within 45 degrees of the nose cone direction. Therefore, the probability of detecting targets with small radar cross-section can be improved by installing the detection system in the air or on satellites for overlooking. The E-3A early warning aircraft of the U.S. Air Force (carrying pulse Doppler radar with high pulse repetition rate), the Diamond Eye early warning aircraft being developed by the Navy (carrying active phased array radar) and the high-altitude early warning balloon (carrying large aperture radar) can effectively detect stealth targets. The United States is also developing early warning airships, early warning helicopters and early warning satellites. In addition, Russia, Britain, India and other countries attach great importance to the development of early warning aircraft. ▲? Intensify research on high-sensitivity radar High-sensitivity radar usually includes: advanced monostatic radar (broadband/ultra-broadband radar, over-the-horizon radar), bistatic radar, millimeter-wave radar, ultra-high range resolution radar, synthetic aperture/inverse aperture radar, multi-function phased array radar, laser radar, etc. At present, the high sensitivity radar in the United States is in the stage of research and prototype test. It is expected that there will be new breakthroughs in high-sensitivity radar technology, such as developing frequency generators with higher stability, systems with stronger signal processing capabilities, receivers with wider dynamic range and analog-to-digital converters. ▲ Expanding the working band of radar Because stealth weapons are usually designed for centimeter-band radar, expanding the working band of radar to meter band, millimeter band and even infrared band and laser band will have certain anti-stealth ability. The us military is building AN/FPS-118 over-the-horizon early warning radar working in the meter band; A small tactical over-the-horizon radar with adjustable defense for navy has been successfully developed. The US Air Force plans to install a 35 GHz millimeter-wave radar seeker for the Patriot air defense missile, and has started the research on the lidar early warning system. ▲ Install the radar system on the air or space platform. The stealth focus of stealth aircraft is generally within 45 degrees of the nose cone direction. Therefore, the probability of detecting targets with small radar cross-section can be improved by installing the detection system in the air or on satellites for overlooking. The E-3A early warning aircraft of the U.S. Air Force (carrying pulse Doppler radar with high pulse repetition rate), the Diamond Eye early warning aircraft being developed by the Navy (carrying active phased array radar) and the high-altitude early warning balloon (carrying large aperture radar) can effectively detect stealth targets. The United States is also developing early warning airships, early warning helicopters and early warning satellites. In addition, Russia, Britain, India and other countries attach great importance to the development of early warning aircraft. . . .

specifically talk about villa radar

Tammara and villa -E passive radars were invented by Czech F Pech. In the early 196s, F Pech worked as a radar designer in Tesla Military Factory. His thinking is different, and he has made strange moves in technology, and he is called "radar geek". His performance attracted the attention of the Soviet Union. Tesla Military Factory once accepted a top secret task-to develop a radar system that can detect American radar-guided missiles in the shortest time. At first, it was thought that this difficult task could not be completed at all, because there was no similar radar system in the world at that time, but F Pech faced the difficulties. Traditional active radar detects targets by emitting electromagnetic waves, but F Pech does the opposite. He wants to engage in passive radar, that is, the detection radar itself does not emit any electromagnetic waves, and only locks and tracks the target by receiving the electromagnetic waves emitted by the target. After three and a half years of unremitting efforts, F Pech finally developed the world's first passive detection radar in 1963, and named it "copaci" after taking the abbreviation of the Czech word "contrast detection". This kind of radar can quickly detect two mobile radars operating within dozens of kilometers of Fiona Fang, and can accurately display the activities of these two radars, which makes the Soviet experts who came to test overjoyed and praised F Pech for completing a "great invention". Since then, F Pech has been out of control, and successively developed "La Mona" radar, "Tammara" radar and "Vera" radar from 1979 to 1998. Experts used to call them "Vera" series passive radars. ? The invisible myth of F-117A is shattered, and the "radar geek" enters the arms of the United States? At the beginning, F Pech developed passive radar to detect radar-guided missiles, but what made it shine and spread far and wide was that it could successfully detect stealth aircraft and become the bane of stealth aircraft. In March 1999, during the NATO air raid on Yugoslavia, an American F-117A fighter plane flew in by relying on advanced stealth performance. When it was about to fly over Belgrade, it was detected and locked by Yugoslav "Tammara" radar. The Yugoslav Army's ground-to-air missile unit decisively fired two old Sam -3 missiles and shot them down near the village of BuJano Fuchi, 4 kilometers west of Belgrade. "Tammara" radar broke the myth that stealth aircraft could not be found. Celebrating soldiers and civilians in the south raised a mocking slogan on the wreckage of F-117A: "Sorry, we didn't know you were invisible!" ? The F-117A was a great shock to the United States. At first, the United States did not believe that the F-117A would be intercepted by Tammara radar, so it sent experts to Czech Republic to inquire about F Pech. F Pech told them with confidence that "Tammara" has the ability to capture stealth aircraft. Americans suddenly realized that this ugly "radar geek" in front of them was priceless, so they asked him to emigrate to the United States. The "hero" of Huayue in those days has now become the "family" of his opponent in those days, which really makes people lament the ruthlessness of world changes. ? Vera -E is the most outstanding representative of passive radar, but it also has its own "Achilles heel"? Vera -E is the latest and most advanced passive radar in Vera series. It is a strategic and tactical electronic intelligence and passive surveillance system, which is used to detect, locate, identify and track targets in the air, ground and sea (ships). It does not radiate electromagnetic signals by itself, but uses external uncoordinated radiation sources to detect and locate. Active radar is difficult to deal with invisible targets in the air, while "Vera" -E radar system is sharp-eyed and sharp-eared, and can detect even weak and short-lived electromagnetic signals emitted by targets, so that the targets can be exposed on the radar screen immediately. ? The whole system of "Vera" -E consists of four substations: the electronic warfare center, that is, the analysis and processing center, is located in the central area. The other three signal receiving stations are distributed in the surrounding areas, showing an arc-shaped linear layout. After the system is deployed, the distance between stations is more than 5 kilometers. ? The signal receiving station is carried by heavy trucks, which has the advantage of flexible deployment, and its next development is to be able to be used on platforms such as airplanes and ships. When the bracket of the receiving antenna is erected, it is 17 meters high and occupies 9 meters ×12 meters. At the fastest, three people can erect the antenna within one hour and enter the monitoring state. The antenna is cylindrical in shape, with low energy consumption and strong reliability. The mean time between failure reaches 2 hours, and it can resist the wind force of 3m/s during operation. The electronic warfare center is deployed in a box car and has a complete computer processing system and communication, command and control systems. ? "Vera" -E radar system can detect and track 2~3 air and ground at the same time.