Microscopic identification of Ligusticum chuanxiong hort.

Rhizome cross section: 1 row of epidermal cells; Cells are round, brown and covered with scales. The outer cortex (subcutaneous tissue) consists of slightly thickened brown cells. There is no gap in the parenchyma cells of cortex, and the cells contain starch granules and yellow-brown block resin. The stele has 4-8 large vascular bundles arranged intermittently in a ring shape, and the outer side has 3-5 small vascular bundles with leaf trace. There is an endodermis ring around each vascular bundle, and the cells contain starch granules or resin blocks. Parenchyma cells also contain starch granules and resin blocks.

Cross section of petiole base: epidermal cells are 1 row, and the cells are oblate or quasi-circular, dark brown. There are 7-8 rows of thick-walled cells under the cortex, which are round or polygonal, lignified, brown and without gaps, and contain starch granules and resin blocks. There are 3-4 tough vascular bundles, surrounded by 1 row of endodermal cells, which contain starch granules and resin blocks. The parenchyma cells are round with intercellular spaces, and the cells contain starch granules and resin blocks.

The rhizome of Osmunda japonica Thunb contains Osmunda, isoquercitrin, Astragaloside and Osmunda japonica Thunb.

The rhizome of Osmunda japonica contains osmosides, osmosides, astragaloside, isoquercitrins and drynarides.