The planting density of trees is not high. What crops can be interplanted in the open space under the forest?

In the process of landscape construction, under-forest planting and breeding is also a popular management mode in recent years, because the planting density of trees is low, and the under-forest open space can be used to interplant other crops. What crops are suitable for planting under trees? What is the prospect of planting under the forest?

1. What crops are suitable for planting under trees?

1. Wild yam

(1) propagation method

Wild yam can be propagated by Reggie or tuber, which is closely related to dormancy. Yam tubers or Reggie that are not completely dormant cannot be used for reproduction, and will not germinate even if they are sown. There are few wild yam cultivated by Reiyoshi in breeding, because it usually takes two years to breed with Reiyoshi. In the first year, 0.03 ~ 0. 1 kg seed potato was planted, and after sowing in the second year, it became a big yam. Although the breeding time in Ji Ling is long, it can prevent degeneration and ensure high quality. No matter whether the tuber or the remaining seeds are used as seed potatoes, yam with red-brown skin and white meat must be selected as seed potatoes.

② planting time and method

In the early stage of growth, wild yam mainly relies on the nutrients stored in seed potatoes for germination, rooting and leaf growth. The ground temperature of wild yam should be 10 ~ 12℃. Adopt traditional planting methods. Dig a shallow ditch with a hoe of 8 8- 10/0cm, and put Ji Ling into the ditch horizontally. Reiyoshi is applied evenly at intervals of 20-25 cm, or the interval is appropriately reduced. The minimum interval can be 5 cm, then cover the soil and fill it up, and tread lightly. If conditions permit, base fertilizer can be applied to the soil layer. In the process of planting, attention should be paid to removing miscellaneous stones in the soil, otherwise the tubers of wild yam will be seriously dispersed, the roots will be unsightly, and the quality of goods will be reduced.

③ Post-planting management

After the wild yam seedlings were unearthed, the stems grew very rapidly, reaching 30-50 cm in 7- 10 days, and then began to grow leaves. Wild yam stems are small, slender and brittle, so it is necessary to guide vines with stents. Trees as scaffolding are very strong, simple, labor-saving and reduce investment. Woodland soil is fertile and humid, and there are basically no weeds, so fertilization, watering and weeding are generally not needed in management. Wild yam is a drought-tolerant crop and is afraid of waterlogging. Clear the ditch and drain water in time in rainy season, so that there is no water in the roots of wild yam.

(4) Harvest

At the end of 10 or the beginning of 1 10, the aerial parts of wild yam turn yellow and die, so it can be harvested. However, in order to meet the demand of the off-season market, wild yam can also be harvested in the middle of the peak growth period. Although the tuber harvested at this time has not yet fully grown, it has high price and good economic benefits. When harvesting wild yam, we must dig one by one in order, which can effectively reduce the breakage rate and avoid missing the harvest. Try to be careful not to hurt the root system when digging.

2. Gastrodia elata

(1) site selection

The planting site of Gastrodia elata should be selected in the soil area with good drainage, loose soil and sandy soil. Broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest, burned wasteland and the eastern and southern slopes above 800 meters above sea level are the best, while the northern slope is not suitable.

② Cultivation of fungal materials

Fungal material is a piece of wood covered with Armillaria mellea. In the cultivation of new areas, it is necessary to cultivate new strains by using old strains. The method is to dig a deep pit 30 ~ 40 cm, 150 ~ 180 cm, 200 ~ 300 cm or longer, pad it with fine sand of 5 ~ 10 cm, then place new and old materials in layers, fill the gap with dead leaves, and place four layers of 65438+ between the new and old materials.

3) Selection of hemp seeds

In production, long tubers of 4 ~ 8 cm are selected as hemp seeds, while degenerated tubers that are getting smaller year by year are not suitable for hemp seeds. The best tree species for cultivating Gastrodia elata are Quercus acutissima, Quercus acutissima, Acer mono, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia. Other tree species can also be used, such as litchi and peach.

(4) planting

Tuber propagation is the main method in production, and the method is as follows. Digging: Dig a pit with a width of 150 cm, a depth of 30-40 cm and a length of more than 200 cm, and lay 5- 10 cm of fine sand or fine soil at the bottom, and dig a drainage ditch around the pit for later use. Sowing: Put 1 ~ 2 cm thick litter on the soil layer at the bottom of the cave, spread a layer of new material with a length of 100 ~ 120 cm, and cut off the fungus sticks with a knife and axe, which is called "flowering". After the new material is spread out, a layer of new material and fungus material is placed at intervals, the space is filled with the mixture of litter and sand, hemp seeds are taken near the edge of the fungus material, four kinds of hemp are stuck on the fungus material layer, and then a layer of 0.5 cm mixture of litter, sand and soil is covered, and all the new materials are placed on the top layer, and then gastrodia elata is planted.

Artificial pollination: Gastrodia elata is pollinated by insects, and artificial pollination is the key technology of Gastrodia elata cultivation. The flowering period of gastrodia elata is 5 ~ 5 ~ 15d, and the pollen matures from 9 am to 2 pm the next day after flowering. When the pollen block becomes soft and swollen, the pollen cap is pushed up slightly, and the pollen appears slightly at the edge of the pollen cap, indicating that the pollen is mature. Hold the newly opened flower in your left hand, put the tweezers in the flower tube in your right hand, flatten the flower lips, and gently remove them to pollinate. When the crown cap is lifted and the pollen is loose, take off the medicine cap and put the pollen on the stamen stigma with mucus at the bottom of the flower to complete pollination.

⑤ Post-planting management

After planting, it is necessary to prevent rainwater accumulation, bacterial and hemp rot, heatstroke and cold, and shade in time to prevent people and animals from trampling and mixed bacteria infection.

(6) harvesting and processing

Harvest: Gastrodia elata is harvested in autumn165438+1October and in spring from March to April. Mining pit by pit, prepare fungus materials in advance to increase materials. At the same time, new materials are added while harvesting hemp, and the second round of cultivation is carried out at the same time. Treatment: clean the recycled fresh hemp, cook it with 0.5% alum boiling water until it penetrates through the heart, cook the big gastrodia elata for 10 ~ 12 minutes and the small gastrodia elata for 8 ~ 10 minutes, take it out, spread it on a mat, air dry it until it is half dry, and then gently press it with a wooden board to make it transparent and shrink flat.

Second, what is the prospect of planting under the forest?

Developing undergrowth planting is of great significance to shorten the forestry economic cycle, increase the added value of forestry, promote the sustainable development of forestry, open up channels for increasing farmers' income, develop circular economy and consolidate the achievements of ecological construction. The relatively long period of forestry production after forest reform is an important restrictive factor for forestry development and farmers to get rich. Only by letting the woodland lay golden eggs as soon as possible and better developing undergrowth planting can we better promote forestry ecological construction and industrial development, consolidate the achievements of forestry reform and achieve good economic benefits and the goal of enriching the people in the process of forestry development. Developing under-forest planting is an effective way to increase farmers' income, but what crops to plant under-forest should be determined according to local planting conditions in order to obtain better economic benefits.