Reading Notes "Half-hour Comics to Prevent Common Diseases"

Book title: Half-hour comic to prevent common diseases

This book humorously introduces several common diseases and their prevention in the form of comics, including influenza, bird flu, and AIDS , polio, hand, foot and mouth disease, diabetes, rheumatism, anemia, new coronavirus, alcoholic liver disease, cervical cancer, and breast cancer.

Influenza is influenza, and its culprit is the influenza virus, which usually occurs at the turn of winter and spring.

Influenza viruses are spread through air droplets and mix into people's nose and throat, that is, the upper respiratory tract. Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease.

When the influenza virus enters the body, the body will send out natural killer cells, which will kill many cells, causing the throat to become red and swollen. Macrophages clean up the scene, calling in the nervous and immune systems. The nervous system causes the human body to heat up, so the virus will not reproduce continuously if it is afraid of heat. The immune system has T lymphocytes (kill viruses) and B cells (produce antibodies).

Prevention focus: exercise more, stay up less late, and strengthening immunity is the key!

How avian influenza enters the human body: avian influenza virus mutations deceive receptors; avian influenza and human influenza merge ; Take advantage of the opportunity and enter.

A virus is a piece of protein wrapped in a gene. The nucleic acids in the gene are divided into two types: DNA and RNA, so viruses are also divided into DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Avian influenza is an RNA virus that mutates more easily.

Key points for prevention:

(1) Do not touch chickens, birds and other poultry.

(2) If you have to touch it, remember to wash your hands after touching it!

(3) Poultry food must be fully cooked!

December 1 every year Today is World AIDS Day. The culprit of AIDS is the HIV virus. It is said that these HIV originally lived in African orangutans. The life-long mission of HIV is to kill the sentinels and destroy the human immune system, so that other viruses can easily invade the human body.

Attack process: HIV is recognized by the glycoprotein of the scout; reverse transcriptase is used to convert the viral RNA into DNA; integrase is used to remove the final obstacle; protease is used to train the small virus.

The transmission route of AIDS is: everything is transmitted through blood.

Key points for prevention:

(1) For blood transfusion and donation, please go to a regular hospital.

(2) Develop a good habit of using condoms during sex.

(3) Daily contact such as shaking hands, hugging, etc. are not contagious, so don’t worry too much!

Polio virus, commonly known as polio virus. There are three common strains of polio: type I, type II, and type III. The three poliovirus brothers are somewhat similar to influenza viruses. Their genetic material is RNA, so they are all RNA viruses.

Although there are different strains of polio, humans are their only reservoir.

The main harm caused by the virus is children, because their bodies are still developing and their immunity is not strong enough to eliminate the virus. The virus enters through the teeth. Although poliovirus is small, it does not spread through the air. The transmission route of poliovirus is fecal-oral transmission.

Because they destroy the gray matter of the spinal cord, these viruses are called polioviruses. If part of the gray matter of the spinal cord is destroyed, the information sent by the brain will be blocked, which will bring serious consequences:

Prevention focus: wash your hands before meals and after using the toilet, remember not to drink raw water, and remember to be in time Get vaccinated.

The main victims of hand, foot and mouth disease are those under 5 years old. Speaking of hand, foot and mouth disease, it is an infectious disease caused by an enterovirus and its main symptoms include rashes and ulcers. Because the symptoms mainly appear on the hands, feet and mouth, it is called hand, foot and mouth disease.

Viruses harm human cells through massive replication and sometimes mutation.

The virus of hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly transmitted through the patient's nasal mucus, saliva, and herpes fluid, and can also be transmitted through the feces and mouth.

Prevention focus:

(1) Wash your hands frequently, especially before meals and after going to the toilet.

(2) Children should develop good habits and do not spit or put dirty hands in their mouths.

(3) Towels and clothes used by multiple people must be disinfected.

(4) If you are sick, you must temporarily isolate yourself.

Diabetes is not about sweet sugar in the urine! It refers to glucose.

Glucose enters the blood and becomes blood sugar. The carrier insulin transports the blood sugar to the cells to provide energy. If there is too much blood sugar, the remaining blood sugar will go to the liver for vacation. This is liver glycogen. Finally, the blood sugar that cannot even be stored in the liver will be stored as fat, which is commonly known as fat.

Diabetes cannot kill anyone, but the key is that its teammates are great. Let’s take a look at the complications of diabetes: retinopathy and renal insufficiency; diabetic foot (it doesn’t hurt when you step on thumbtacks); cardiovascular disease Disease (when there is no sugar supply, the human body can only rely on fat, but consuming fat has the disadvantage of producing a lot of industrial waste that remains in the blood).

Methods: Keep your mouth shut and open your legs; use professional drugs; inject insulin.

Prevention focus: Eating and drinking will damage the pancreatic islets. The most important thing is to control your mouth. Sugar is detected in every physical examination, keeping your body happy and healthy.

"Rheumatism", the scientific name is rheumatoid arthritis, is an autoimmune disease.

Most common diseases are caused by the invasion of viruses, bacteria and other foreign enemies, but rheumatism is quite special. It is because the immune system rebels! The indiscriminate attack of lymphocytes can lead to immune system disorder and trigger a series of diseases. At this time, a large amount of antibodies and inflammatory factors will accumulate in the synovium, eventually leading to continuous synovial proliferation.

Symptoms: Swelling and pain in the joint.

What factors cause the disease: genes; environment (external infection, smoking)

Prevention focus: quit smoking and drinking, exercise frequently, strengthening immunity is the key, eat regularly and sleep enough, and do not be afraid Rheumatism comes to cause trouble.

Anemia means fewer red blood cells than normal.

There are three types of anemia: the decrease in hematopoietic stem cells due to the immune system going crazy, which is called aplastic anemia; the destruction of red blood cells, hemolytic anemia; the third type of anemia: lack of this or that (iron deficiency) Sexual anemia is the most common anemia. Red blood cells also need some foods called folic acid and vitamin B12 when they are young)

Symptoms: pale skin; dizziness, lack of energy; unknown bleeding, bleeding that does not stop. .

Prevention focus: A balanced diet is the most important, and gastrointestinal health is the key.

At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia—COVID-19—made people panic. Replace the virus with an RNA virus.

Coronavirus mainly causes trouble in the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The gastrointestinal tract can also be infected with coronavirus, but it is relatively rare. People infected with coronavirus usually develop pneumonia and experience the following symptoms: cough, headache, and fever.

Key points for prevention:

(1) Try not to go to crowded places or gather in groups.

(2) Be sure to wear a mask when going to public places!

(3) Wash your hands frequently and disinfect items used by multiple people.

(4) Don’t stay up late or overwork yourself.

(5) Pay attention to nutritional balance.

Our liver is shaped like a big chicken leg and grows in the Feng Shui treasure land on the right side of the belly. One of the most powerful functions of the liver is to relieve hangover, mainly relying on alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The main process is as follows:

However, when you drink too much wine, under normal circumstances, the number of alcohol dehydrogenases in the lead is still enough, and it can barely convert ethanol into acetaldehyde. However, the amount of aldehyde dehydrogenase is insufficient, resulting in excessive acetaldehyde production in the body. Originally, the liver has to process the fats in the body, but because of the disruption caused by acetaldehyde, the liver cells cannot take care of the fats, and the fats start to mess up. Oil that cannot be processed and transported out in time will accumulate in liver cells. Over time - alcoholic fatty liver disease appears.

Why quitting drinking can solve early alcoholic liver disease? Because the liver has a relatively strong recovery ability, there is still a chance to "rescue" your liver if you quit drinking.

Prevention focus: Don’t drink indiscriminately when you are not sick! When you are mildly ill, stop drinking in time!

The cervix, also called the cervix, is the part that connects the uterus and vagina.

HPV, the full name of human papilloma virus, likes to live in the epidermis everywhere in the human body. HPV can be infected through various channels, and the main way of cervical infection is sexual intercourse, so everyone should protect themselves. If HPV harms the cervix for a long time and mutates more and more cells, refusing to retreat, and breaks through the last line of defense - the basement membrane, the matter will become serious.

A vaccine that can kill several types of HPV is called a multivalent vaccine.

Prevention focus:

(1) It is best not to smoke and develop good living habits.

(2) Remember to wear a condom during sex.

(3) Regular physical examinations are required.

(4) If possible, it is best to vaccinate as directed by your doctor.

During puberty, the ovaries secrete large amounts of estrogen and progesterone, which stimulate breast growth. If these hormones are lacking, breast development will occur.

Breast partners: progesterone, estrogen, prolactin.

After ovulation and before menstruation, girls always feel - "confident".

Acute mastitis is caused by babies sucking nipples and carrying bacteria into the body.

Malignant tumors often occur within the breast ducts and may cause nipple discharge or bleeding. ultimately leading to breast cancer.

The ultimate cause of hormonal disharmony is in your belly or in your brain.

Prevention focus:

(1) Never stay up late and stay in a good mood.

(2) Seek medical attention promptly when menstruation is irregular.

(3) Hormone drugs must be taken under the guidance of a doctor.