What is the present participle?

Present participle structure:

The present participle consists of verbs and ing, and the following are the forms of various tenses and voices:

Active voice passive voice

Simple. Doing is doing it in the present tense.

It's finished now.

Example:

The girl sitting in front is my cousin.

After finishing the task, they returned to the company.

Under the protection of bodyguards, he feels safe wherever he goes.

Being invited, she had to go.

Second, the function of the present participle:

A as a predicative:

When the present participle is used as a predicative, it can be simply regarded as an adjective.

This news is very interesting.

This question is confusing.

His speech was inspiring.

Difference:

His speech was inspiring.

He is encouraging me now.

In A, encouraging is an adjective indicating the subject characteristics.

In b, encouragement is the present continuous tense, indicating the action of the subject.

B as an attribute:

When the present participle is used as an attribute, it is equivalent to an attribute clause.

In my hometown, there is a factory that makes cars.

In my hometown, there is a factory that makes cars.

The girl writing a letter is good at English.

The girl writing a letter is good at English.

The question under discussion is very important.

The question under discussion is very important.

note:

Usually, a single present participle is placed in front of the modified word, and the present participle phrase is placed behind the modified word.

This is an encouraging news.

This is a piece of news encouraging us to work hard.

Just as non-finite attributive clauses are separated by commas, there are now non-finite forms of participles-separated by commas.

His daughter who works in a hospital is going to study abroad.

His daughter who works in a hospital plans to study abroad.

C as adverbial:

When the participle is used as an adverbial, it is equivalent to an adverbial clause.

He waved to us again and again when he left the airport.

When he left the airport, he waved to us again and again.

Seeing that no one was at home, she decided to leave them a note.

Seeing that no one was at home, she decided to leave them a note.

Turn right and you'll find the hospital.

If you turn right, you will find the hospital.

Knowing where his uncle lives, he never goes to see him.

Although he knows where his uncle lives, he never goes to see him.

note:

Sometimes we can add conjunctions before the present participle. It means the same as no conjunction.

He waved to us again and again when he left the airport.

He waved to us again and again when he left the airport.

He waved to us again and again when he left the airport.

Seeing that no one was at home, she decided to leave them a note.

Seeing that no one was at home, she decided to leave them a note.

Seeing that no one was at home, she decided to leave them a note.

D as object complement and subject complement (further explain what the object and subject are like);

I heard him ... ...

I heard him crying in the corner.

subject complement

{Someone heard him ...

He was heard crying in the corner.

Difference:

I heard him sing a pop song in the room.

I heard him singing a pop song in the room.

A is an infinitive, and to is omitted as the object complement to indicate the result-the object has done something.

B is the present participle as the object complement, indicating the ongoing action-the object is doing something.

E as an independent nominative:

When we use the present participle as an adverbial, the action sender of the present participle must be the same person or thing as the action sender of the main sentence predicate verb. If the sender of the action is not the same person or thing, the present participle cannot be used, and an independent nominative case must be used.

Standing on the top of the mountain, I found the city very beautiful.

I-stand and I-find.

Wrong: Standing on the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.

I-standing outside the city-watching.

Correction:

Use independent nominative case

I'm standing on the top of the mountain. The city looks beautiful.

More examples of independent nominative cases:

He came to me and a dog followed him.

Class is over, and the children have gone home.

Weather permitting, we will go for an outing next week.

His teacher went to a meeting. They have no classes this week.