How does the organization save water, electricity, and coal expenses? What are the technologies for saving water, electricity, and coal? What are the simple and easy management methods? What are the a

How does the organization save water, electricity, and coal expenses? What are the technologies for saving water, electricity, and coal? What are the simple and easy management methods? What are the alternative technologies?

In June 2005, persistent high temperature weather occurred in North China. The electricity load increased rapidly, and the contradiction between power supply and demand became increasingly prominent. Taking Beijing as an example, the maximum load of electricity this summer is expected to reach 10.7 million kilowatts, an increase of 13.5% from last year. According to the current situation, the power gap will reach 1 million kilowatts.

It’s not just about electricity. In fact, inadvertently, various resources in our family living environment are quietly lost. In fact, as long as we use the right methods, we can save a lot of resources. So how can I start saving energy at home?

As the hot summer approaches, the power supply is in short supply, but a lot of electricity is being wasted quietly. What kind of electricity slips away quietly under our noses in daily life?

Many people are accustomed to using remote controls to operate TVs. To use the remote control, the power must be switched on at all times. You may not have thought that as long as the power is turned on, the picture tube of the TV will be preheated. Although many components are not working, they are wasting electricity.

Even if the power switch is turned off, the TV still consumes power as long as the plug is not unplugged. This kind of standby power consumption also exists in other electrical appliances. In a big city like Beijing with more than 3 million households, if the average standby power consumption of each household is 15 watts, more than 1 million kilowatt-hours of electricity will be wasted a day, and hundreds of millions of kilowatt-hours of electricity will be wasted in a year. In fact, as long as we turn off the power and unplug it, we can save hundreds of millions of kilowatt-hours of electricity with just a little effort. Why not?

In addition, there are different power-saving methods for different electrical appliances.

The refrigerator is one of the appliances that consumes the largest amount of electricity in the home. It can be said to be a major consumer of electricity in the home. If you don't understand the characteristics of this guy, you will waste a lot of electricity.

Don’t overfill the refrigerator with food. Because the power consumption of a refrigerator is directly related to the amount of food it contains, the more food it contains, the greater the load on the refrigerator and the more electricity it consumes. There should be gaps between foods to allow cold air to circulate, speed up cooling, and save energy.

The refrigerator needs to control the temperature of a small environment of less than one cubic meter, while the air conditioner needs to maintain the temperature of a large space of dozens of cubic meters, so it consumes much more energy. How can we enjoy the coolness while maximizing energy saving in the hot summer?

After the air conditioner is used for a period of time, a large amount of dust will accumulate on the filter. These dirt block the air circulation and prevent the cold air from blowing out, and the cooling effect is poor. In this case, if the indoor temperature is to be lowered, the compressor will have to work longer, which will consume electricity. Therefore, regular cleaning of the dust filter can save about 30% of electricity.

In addition, the lower the temperature is set, the longer the air conditioner must run to reach this temperature, which consumes more electricity. Therefore, raising the air conditioner cooling temperature by 1 degree Celsius can save more than 10% of electricity, and our bodies can hardly detect such a small temperature difference.

In fact, how to reduce the energy consumption of electrical appliances is also a problem that scientific researchers have been exploring. An air conditioner that does not use traditional Freon as refrigerant has been developed. It not only has high cooling efficiency, but also consumes less power. There is also a type of air conditioner that does not require electricity, which can convert solar energy into electrical energy for the operation of the air conditioner. Although new and more energy-saving appliances are constantly emerging, it is most important for all of us to develop energy-saving habits by starting from the little things around us.

In my country’s cities, especially large and medium-sized cities, water shortage is also an embarrassing problem faced by people. my country's per capita water resources are only one-quarter of the world average, but water consumption is huge. For example, Beijing's per capita water consumption is four times the world average. Therefore, don't think that saving water has nothing to do with you. A dripping faucet can leak 70 liters of water a day, which is 25 tons of water a year.

Such loopholes are not uncommon in our lives. In addition to establishing awareness of water conservation, what other tips can we use to save water?

In fact, as long as we pay attention to the little things around us, it is easy to save water. For example, when removing heavy oil stains on tableware, do not wash it directly with detergent. Wipe it with paper first, and then wash it. This can save more than half of the water used.

When washing hands, washing in a basin saves more water than using a long flow of water. The same is true when washing vegetables, fruits or washing dishes. Continuous rinsing with the faucet on is very water-consuming. Intermittent rinsing can save water. . Save used water and use it again.

Washing machines in homes consume a lot of water. In order to save water, manufacturers and scientific researchers have made great efforts to save water as much as possible while ensuring clean clothes.

This sloping shape is not for beauty or novelty. The 10-degree slope design has its own reasons. After the washing drum is tilted 10 degrees, its water level will be relatively deeper, which can achieve the washing effect of a larger amount of water. So it saves water.

The program set by the washing machine is generally one wash and two rinses, and the water is mainly consumed in rinsing. If we don’t use washing powder, wouldn’t we be able to save rinsing water?

This ultrasonic washing machine can emit 20,000 shock waves per second, which can "shock" dirt from clothes. The washing machine is also equipped with a special electrolytic water device, which can decompose water molecules in tap water into hydrogen ions and oxygen ions, and use the ions to decompose and adsorb stains and dust to clean clothes. With a two-pronged approach, this washing machine that does not use washing powder can save more than 30% of water than ordinary washing machines.

Also, don’t set the water level in the washing machine too high, otherwise there will be a lack of friction between the clothes, which will result in a waste of water.

In addition to washing machines, toilets are also major water users in households, accounting for about 35% of residents’ water consumption. A family of three will flush more than 3,000 liters of water a month.

Technicians have developed a new type of toilet that consumes only 4 liters of water each time, saving one-third to one-half of the water than the existing toilet.

Its water tank accumulates air while filling with water. It uses the pressure in the water supply pipe to compress the air accumulated inside, and then pushes the water into the toilet at a higher speed. Different from the "pull" force of traditional sanitary ware, this new type of sanitary ware uses "push" force to discharge dirt, and the impact is large, so it can save water.

In fact, other domestic water in the home can also be used to flush the toilet. For example, after the last rinse, the clothes have been washed clean, and the water discharged from the washing machine looks relatively clean and flows directly into the sewer pipe. It's a pity. It would also be nice if the water used after washing your face and washing dishes could be reused. Amateur inventor Wu Hanping developed a domestic water reuse device and obtained a national patent. He connected the kitchen sink, bathroom basin and toilet cistern to a water storage tank. The relatively clean water flowing out of the sink and basin enters the water storage tank for toilet flushing.

In short, saving water and electricity resources at home cannot only rely on the support of new technologies and new products developed by scientific researchers. It also requires each of us to start from scratch, seemingly inconspicuous and simple practices. In fact, it can play a big role. Don’t underestimate these efforts. Your contribution to everyone is contained in them.

Article 1: In order to strengthen water conservation management, use water resources scientifically and rationally, and build a water-saving society, in accordance with the "People's Government of the People's Republic of China and the National Water Law" and the "Beijing Municipal Government's Implementation of the "People's Government of the People's Republic of China" * and the National Water Law "Measures" to formulate these measures.

Article 2 These Measures shall apply to water conservation and water conservation management within the administrative region of this city.

Article 3 This city shall strictly conserve water, allocate surface water, groundwater and recycled water in a unified manner, give full play to the regulating effect of price on water use behavior, and adopt administrative, economic, engineering, technology and other measures to promote water conservation.

Article 4 People’s governments at all levels shall establish a water conservation responsibility system, incorporate water conservation into national economic and social development plans, improve the socialized service system for water conservation, and promote new water-saving technologies, new processes, and new equipment, cultivate and develop water-saving industries, organize and carry out water-saving publicity activities, and improve the awareness of water-saving in the whole society.

Organizations and individuals have the obligation to save water.

Article 5 The water administrative department of the Municipal People’s Government (hereinafter referred to as the municipal water conservation management department) is responsible for the unified management and supervision of water conservation in the city.

The water administrative departments of the district and county people’s governments and the water conservation management departments designated by the district people’s governments that do not have water administrative departments (hereinafter referred to as the district and county water conservation management departments) are responsible for, in accordance with the prescribed authority, Supervision and management of water conservation within this administrative region.

Relevant departments of the municipal, district and county people's governments shall be responsible for water conservation work within their respective administrative regions according to their respective division of responsibilities.

Article 6 Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions in water conservation and water conservation management shall be commended and rewarded by the municipal, district and county people's governments.

Units and individuals who have made outstanding achievements in the research and development of water-saving science and technology and the creation of water-saving societies, water-saving units, and water-saving communities will be awarded by the city, district, and county water-saving committee The management department gives commendations and rewards.

Individuals who have made outstanding achievements in the promotion and use of water-saving science and technology and unit water-saving management shall be commended and rewarded by their units.

Article 7 The municipal water conservation management department shall prepare a city-wide water conservation plan and submit it to the Municipal People's Government for approval before organizing its implementation.

District and county water conservation management departments shall prepare water conservation plans for their own administrative regions based on the city's water conservation plan, and organize their implementation after approval by the people's government at the same level.

Article 8 The municipal development and reform administrative department shall, in conjunction with the municipal water conservation management department and other relevant departments, formulate a guidance catalog and restrictions for investment projects in the city’s industry, agriculture, and service industries based on water resources conditions. The list of development projects restricts the development of backward, water-intensive industrial, agricultural and service projects.

Article 9 The water quotas for the production and services of relevant industries in this city shall be formulated by the relevant municipal industry authorities and submitted to the municipal water conservation management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department for review and approval; there is no industry supervisor The department's industrial water quotas are organized and formulated by the municipal water conservation management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department.

Industry water consumption quotas are announced to the public by the Municipal People's Government.

Article 10 The water conservation management department shall determine the water use indicators of water use units based on the annual water use plan, water use quotas for relevant industries, and the living, production and operation needs of water use units, and issue the water use indicators before December 31 of each year. The annual water use quota is lowered to the relevant water use units.

New water use units and newly built water use projects should apply to the water conservation management department for approval of water use quotas before they are put into use.

Article 11 If a water-using unit moves within the city, the original water-use quota shall remain valid.

If the relocation of water use units requires the transfer of water use quotas within the city, they should go to the municipal or relevant district or county water conservation management department to go through the water use quota transfer procedures in a timely manner.

Article 12 Water use shall be measured.

Water supply units and water users should install water metering facilities, and strengthen inspection and daily maintenance of water metering facilities to ensure accurate measurement. If water metering facilities are damaged, they must be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

If the water-using unit does not have water metering facilities, the water-saving management department shall order them to install them within a time limit, and from the date of water withdrawal, the water withdrawal amount shall be calculated according to the engineering design water withdrawal capacity or the rated flow rate of the water withdrawal equipment for full-time operation until Until water metering facilities are installed.

Article 13 If a water-using unit has two or more types of water use and needs to implement different water price calculations, it shall install water metering facilities according to different water use types.

If a water-using unit fails to install water metering facilities and calculate and pay fees separately according to different water-use categories, the charges will be calculated based on the highest water price among the water-use categories of the unit.

Article 14 The water-using unit shall use water according to the annual water use quota issued by the water-saving management department; for excess water consumption, in addition to paying the water fee according to the actual situation, the water-saving management department shall implement the actual water consumption of the unit according to the actual use of the unit. According to the water price standard, a progressive increase fee will be charged according to the following multiples:

The portion exceeding the prescribed quantity by 20 yuan or less (including the original number) will be charged at one time of the water price; the amount exceeding the prescribed quantity by 20 to 40 yuan (including the original number) The portion exceeding the prescribed amount by more than 40% will be charged at twice the water price; the portion exceeding the prescribed quantity by more than 40% will be charged at three times the water price.

Article 15 Water supply units and other units that directly draw water resources from rivers, lakes or underground shall report water supply status or actual water consumption in a timely and accurate manner in accordance with the requirements of the water conservation management department.

Article 16 Water-saving facilities in new construction, expansion, and reconstruction projects shall be designed, constructed, and put into use at the same time as the main project.

When examining and approving the design plan of a construction project, the planning administrative department shall solicit opinions from the water-saving management department at the same level on the water-saving facility plan; the planning and design unit shall comply with the national and municipal water-saving standards and specifications. Design water-saving facilities; construction drawing review units should strictly review water-saving related content.

After the water-saving facilities are completed, the construction unit shall apply to the water-saving management department for acceptance. If it has not been inspected or failed to pass the acceptance inspection, the construction project shall not be used, the water conservation management department will not approve the water use quota, and the water supply unit shall not officially provide water.

Water-saving facilities include water-using appliances, processes, equipment, metering facilities, recycled water reuse systems and rainwater collection and utilization systems.

Article 17 During the demolition of urban houses, the demolisher shall sign a water supply cessation agreement with the water supply unit according to the progress of the demolition construction, and clarify the water-saving management responsibilities at the demolition construction site.

The water supply unit shall cooperate with the progress of the demolition construction and take measures to promptly shut down the water supply pipelines at the demolition construction site.

Article 18 Industrial water use units shall adopt advanced technologies, processes and equipment to increase the number of water cycles and improve the reuse rate of water. Production enterprises that use water as raw material should adopt water-saving production processes and technologies to reduce the loss of water resources.

Industrial water in areas covered by recycled water transmission and distribution pipelines should use recycled water that meets water quality requirements.

Indirect cooling water should be recycled, and the recycling rate should not be less than 95.

The water production rate of pure water production enterprises shall not be less than 70% of the raw water.

Article 19 The municipal administrative department of agriculture and forestry shall work with relevant departments to adjust the layout of agricultural production and the water structure of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery based on the city’s water resources conditions.

The district and county people’s governments should, based on the water resources conditions within their respective administrative regions, guide agricultural production and operation units and individuals to rationally adjust the crop planting structure, develop high-efficiency water-saving agriculture, and limit and reduce large water consumption. , low-efficiency crop planting area.

Article 20 Agricultural water use shall be measured and charged. In rural areas, it is gradually implemented to install water metering facilities for classified measurement of villagers' domestic water, township enterprise production water and farmland irrigation water.

Farmland irrigation should adopt advanced water-saving irrigation methods such as pipeline water transmission, channel anti-seepage, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, and drip irrigation to improve water use efficiency.

Article 21 If an agricultural well is changed to non-agricultural use, the water-using unit shall go through the change procedures with the water conservation management department, re-assess the water use quota, and calculate and pay fees according to the new water use category.

Article 22: Encourage the use of rainwater and recycled water that meets water quality requirements for greening water, and gradually reduce the use of urban tap water.

Water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, and drip irrigation should be used for green spaces, trees, and flowers in urban areas, and the landscaping irrigation system should be strictly implemented to improve greening water efficiency.

Rainwater or recycled water must be used for landscape environment water and other municipal miscellaneous water in residential areas and units, and tap water must not be used.

Article 23 Car washing enterprises shall build water recycling facilities. Car wash enterprises that have been connected to recycled water in areas covered by recycled water transmission and distribution pipelines should use recycled water.

Article 24 It is prohibited to produce or sell equipment and products with high water consumption that have been explicitly eliminated by the state, as well as water-using appliances that have not passed the water-saving product certification and do not meet the city's water-saving standards.

The municipal water-saving management department shall, in conjunction with the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department, confirm the "List of Water-Saving Water Appliances" and the "List of Water-Saving Appliances to be Eliminated" and announce them to the public.

Article 25 Water supply units shall strengthen the maintenance and management of water supply pipeline networks, improve the level of monitoring and maintenance management of water supply pipeline networks, and ensure that the leakage rate of water supply pipeline networks meets national standards.

Public water supply units should announce the emergency repair telephone number to the public, and should make emergency repairs in case of failure.

Article 26 Water conservation management departments and relevant units shall establish real-time monitoring of water resources, optimal resource allocation and water conservation information management systems, and improve water use information statistics and reporting systems.

When the water consumption of units with large water consumption may exceed the water use quota, the water conservation management department should give early warning prompts.

Article 27 Water-using units shall take measures to strengthen water conservation management and do the following work:

(1) Establish and improve a water conservation responsibility system;

(2) Establish a special water-saving agency or designate a person to be specifically responsible for water conservation;

(3) Establish water use records and statistical analysis of water use, clarify water use plans, water-saving goals, and water-saving measures, and conduct regular inspections Reasonable water use analysis or water balance test;

(4) Strengthen the daily maintenance and management of water facilities;

(5) Carry out water conservation publicity.

Article 28 News media should strengthen water conservation publicity work and broadcast and publish water conservation public service advertisements.

The education administrative department should include water conservation knowledge in school education content.

When receiving tourists, travel agencies should carry out water conservation publicity to improve tourists' awareness of water conservation.

Public places such as restaurants, theaters, and sports venues should set up water-saving slogans to promote water-saving knowledge.

Article 29 This city will accelerate the establishment of a water-saving technology development and promotion system and a development and production system for water-saving equipment and water-saving appliances.

Relevant government departments should organize research on water-saving science and technology and integrate water-saving science and technology resources.

Encourage units and individuals to develop and develop water-saving domestic water appliances as well as water-saving technologies, processes, equipment and products.

Article 30: Units and individuals are encouraged to report wasteful water use to the water conservation management department or water conservation law enforcement department. The relevant departments shall promptly investigate and deal with the report after receiving the report.

The relevant departments that receive the report shall keep the whistleblower confidential and reward the whistleblower whose report is true and who provides major clues and evidence for investigating and punishing major waste of water.

Article 31 The water conservation management department shall strengthen the inspection of water metering facilities of units that draw water resources directly from rivers, lakes or underground, and collect water resources fees on time. Water supply units should improve water metering and meter checking systems, accurately record water consumption, and collect water fees on time.

Water-using units and individuals should cooperate with the water conservation management department and water supply unit staff in meter checking and charging work.

Article 32 Violation of the provisions of these Measures shall be ordered by the water conservation management department to stop the illegal behavior, make corrections within a time limit, and impose penalties in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) Water supply unit Any other unit that directly draws water resources from rivers, lakes or underground fails to report to the water conservation management department in a timely manner or provides false information as required, shall be fined 1,000 yuan;

(2) Indirect cooling water directly If the discharge or recycling rate is lower than 95, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 5,000 yuan will be imposed;

(3) If agricultural water is not measured or flood irrigation of farmland causes waste of water, a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan will be imposed. Fines;

(4) Anyone who changes the purpose of an agricultural well without authorization shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan;

(5) Landscape environment inside residential areas and units If tap water is used, a fine of not less than RMB 1,000 but not more than RMB 5,000 shall be imposed;

(6) If water facilities, equipment and utensils are in disrepair, out of maintenance, or mismanaged resulting in waste of water, a fine of not less than RMB 500 but not more than RMB 1,000 shall be imposed for each location. The following fines are imposed;

(7) If a water-using unit uses water appliances that have been ordered to be eliminated, a fine of 100 yuan will be imposed on each item;

(8) Unauthorized removal of water supply facilities, fire protection equipment from the public Those who draw water from facilities will be fined not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 30,000.

Article 33 If a water-using unit violates the provisions of Article 14 of these Measures and fails to pay the progressive price increase on time, the water conservation management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and charge an additional one thousandth of the overdue amount on a daily basis. Two late fees.

Article 34 During the demolition of urban houses, the demolisher violates the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 17 of these Measures and fails to sign an agreement to stop water supply with the water supply unit or fails to perform construction work without authorization in accordance with the requirements of the agreement, causing water damage. If there is serious waste of resources, in addition to paying the corresponding fees, the water conservation management department will impose a fine of not less than 1 time but not more than 5 times of the water fee payable.

If the water supply unit violates the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 17 of these Measures and deliberately delays or fails to sign a water supply cessation agreement with the demolisher without justifiable reasons or fails to take timely measures to stop water supply and thereby wastes water resources, the water supply unit shall be liable to the Ministry of Water Resources. The water management department shall order corrections and impose a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 35 If any public water supply pipeline is cut off during construction or illegally occupied, causing a waste of water resources, the water conservation management department shall order it to make corrections and impose penalties. A fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan is imposed; if losses are caused, the person responsible shall compensate for the losses in accordance with the law.

Article 36 If a pure water production enterprise violates the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 18 of these Measures and the water production rate is lower than 70%, the water conservation management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; if it still fails to meet the standard after the expiration of the time limit, the water conservation management department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit. , reduce its water use quota; if the circumstances are serious, water supply will be stopped in accordance with the law.

Article 37 Anyone who violates the provisions of Article 24 of these Measures by producing or selling water appliances that do not meet the city’s water-saving standards shall be punished by the quality supervision and inspection administrative department or the industrial and commercial administrative department according to their respective regulations. Responsibilities, ordering to stop production and sales, and imposing a fine of not less than 50 yuan but not more than 100 yuan per set (unit, unit).

Article 38 If the Municipal People’s Government decides that the administrative punishment matters specified in these Measures shall be exercised by the urban management and supervision organization, the punishment shall be imposed by the urban management and supervision organization.

Article 39 These Measures shall come into effect on May 1, 2005. The "Measures for Incentives for Urban Water Conservation in Beijing" promulgated by the Municipal People's Government on June 13, 1986, and the "Measures for the Management of Simultaneous Construction of Water Saving Facilities and Main Projects in Construction Projects in Beijing" promulgated by the Municipal People's Government on September 21, 1988, 1989 Approved by the Municipal People's Government on November 14, 1989, issued by the Beijing Municipal Administration Committee on November 30, 1989, and revised based on the approval of the Municipal People's Government on March 23, 1994, the "Beijing Municipal People's Government's Measures for the Administration of Water Fee Collection for Extra-Planned Water Price Increases", The "Penalty Rules for Urban Water Waste in Beijing" issued by Order No. 11 of the Municipal People's Government on July 6, 1994, and the "Several Provisions on Water Conservation in Beijing" issued by Order No. 66 of the Municipal People's Government on December 1, 2000 are abolished at the same time