What are the common sense of all kinds of disaster escape?

1, firmly believe in running away.

Behavior is dominated by ideology. To escape from the fire smoothly, we must first establish a firm belief in escape and confidence in winning. And make it a spiritual pillar that can persist in any difficult and difficult environment. Only by establishing a firm belief in escape can we maintain a strong sense of escape, enhance our belief in winning, and get a chance to live in a fire.

2. Strive for time and speed.

Race against time and rapid evacuation is the premise of self-help. According to the development law of fire and smoke, fireworks spread quickly and smoke is toxic, so people stay in the smoke for too long, causing injuries and even death in heavy cases, which is greatly hindered by light escape. In a fire, people often delay their escape for personal belongings, and even some people return to the fire for belongings after escape, which is extremely dangerous.

3. The escape route should be well known.

Blindly chasing and fleeing the panic of others will not only delay the smooth evacuation, but also easily infect others and cause riots. Therefore, every time you enter a new hotel or restaurant, you should first inquire about the emergency evacuation safety route, and take a trip in person to be aware of it.

The ideal escape route should be the one with the shortest distance, fewer obstacles and reaching the ground outside the building at one time. It is best to be familiar with an escape route equipped with escape equipment (descent control device, escape rope, chute, etc.). Only in this way can we be prepared.

4, according to the situation, flexibly handle the relationship between escape, alarm and fire fighting.

When the fire is in the initial stage, alarm, evacuation of the elderly, the sick and the disabled and active fire fighting actions should be taken. Healthy young people should not run for their lives as soon as they hear the cry of "fire", but should help find out the fire point and the size of the fire before making a decision. When the fire is in the initial stage, it is easiest to put out the fire. Therefore, we should actively participate in fire fighting and issue fire alarms. Alarm is the key measure to get the rescue from the fire control center and the fire brigade, so it is necessary to use communication facilities to alarm the fire control room without losing time. At the same time, it is necessary to assist the elderly, the weak, the sick and the pregnant to evacuate.

5. Don't stay in places without fire control facilities.

When it is difficult to escape, smoke-proof stairwells, front rooms and balconies can be used as temporary shelters. Never stay in corridors, ordinary stairwells and other places where fires are easy to spread and there are no facilities.

6. Avoid stacking, crowding and trampling.

In the process of escape, it is very easy to pile up, crowd or even trample on each other, resulting in channel blockage and unnecessary casualties. In the face of unethical behaviors that only care about their own escape, regardless of the lives of others, and the phenomenon of trampling on each other and crowding before, they can not only participate, but also try their best to resolutely curb it. If you see the person in front of you fall, you should help him up immediately; When you see the crowd, you should give guidance or choose other auxiliary evacuation methods to give diversion, so as to reduce the pressure of a single evacuation channel. When it is really impossible to divert, we must take tough measures to resolutely stop it. At the same time, it is necessary to warn and prevent the emergence of reverse crowds and keep the evacuation passage unblocked.

7, according to different situations, make full use of all kinds of fire control facilities in the building.

Various fire-fighting facilities in buildings, such as fire doors, smoke-proof stairwells, emergency elevators, connecting balconies, refuge floors (rooms), etc., are effective facilities to create conditions and provide help for escape and safe evacuation, and should be fully utilized in case of fire.

8. Carry forward the spirit of unity, friendship and self-sacrifice.

Although it is very important to protect ourselves in the fire, we should also carry forward the spirit of unity and friendship and sacrifice ourselves to save others, and do our best to help more people evacuate from the fire danger. The statistics of fire evacuation show that children, the elderly, the sick, the disabled and pregnant women account for a considerable proportion of fire casualties, which is mainly caused by their lack of physique and intelligence, wrong thinking and slow action. If help can be given in time, they can escape.

Typical case: 1993 A fire broke out in a residential building in Harbin. Because it was discovered early, all residents in the building were evacuated safely. During this period, Li's family in Unit 3 of the building, regardless of the fire, robbed items many times back and forth and was blocked by fireworks, resulting in four people being burned to death in the toilet at the same time.

Case Analysis Generally speaking, it is safe to evacuate at the initial stage of a fire, and it can be evacuated to the outdoor ground of a burning building at one time. Otherwise, when the fire increases, we must not only endure the attack of smoke, heat and poison. It is also difficult to evacuate to the safest place or part, which leads to tragedy. The fire is fiercer than the tiger, and the lessons left by the fire are profound. In our daily life, it is very important to master the principle of escape.

What are the basic ways to escape?

9. The basic requirement of fire escape is to be calm, make full use of various fire-fighting facilities, follow the correct escape route and apply effective escape or refuge methods. In the actual fire, if you can use the escape method correctly, you can escape smoothly.

10, find the fire in time and act quickly. Escape is an action against time. The correct way to escape should be to get up immediately, get dressed or take clothes and money, turn off the power, run out of the room, close the door, enter the aisle, and rush to the stairwell to evacuate to the lower floor without hesitation. If there is a broadcast, listen carefully and follow the evacuation route and precautions guided by the broadcast. In the absence of broadcast or guided evacuation, you should choose a safe passage close to the ground outside the building to evacuate, so it is safest to escape to the ground outside the building on fire.

1 1. If you open the door and find smoke flowing in the corridor or stairwell, you'd better go back to the bathroom to drench clothes and towels with water, cover your nose and mouth, find a safe passage and escape with a low profile. In addition to normal evacuation routes, doors, windows and balconies on the first and second floors are also available safety exits.

12. When the stairway or down passage is blocked by fireworks, it is necessary to first understand the degree of fireworks diffusion and the distance that must be passed. If the distance through the fireworks area is short and the fire is weak, you must get wet and cover your nose and mouth to get through in time. You can also use the fire hydrant in the building to cover the people's express passage with spray water.

13, when the upper and lower floors of the fire floor must use safe evacuation routes, the personnel on the fire floor should be evacuated first, and then the upper and lower floors of the fire floor should be evacuated. Because the development of fireworks spread to the upper part fastest, it is the upper part that is threatened by fire first. Therefore, when the upper floor is on fire, people at all levels below it don't have to panic and compete with the upper escape stream for passage.

14. Don't panic when you confirm that the normal safe evacuation passage has been firmly sealed by fireworks. Various auxiliary safety facilities in the building, such as smoke-proof stairs, emergency evacuation passages, emergency elevators, outdoor stairs, fire elevators, etc., should be evacuated to the ground as much as possible.

15. When it is confirmed that it is impossible to escape outdoors, the main action plan should be to find temporary shelter and wait for the rescue of the fire brigade. If you enter the refuge floor, refuge room, smoke prevention room and smoke prevention stairwell, retreat to the windward side of the roof platform, and enter the unlit fire prevention area or smoke prevention area for temporary self-protection.

16. When it is confirmed that the corridor has been sealed by fireworks (touch the door with your hand first, if it is hot, it means there are fireworks outside the door), and you can't open the door and rush out of the room, you should close the door first to stop the invasion of fireworks. Avoid the balcony. If there is no balcony, you can tear curtains, sheets, sheets, etc. Make rope. It is best to wet it with water and tie it firmly to the heating pipe, window frame, etc. Slide down the rope from the window. When you slide down, you'd better hold a pillow or cushion. For a "soft landing". If the floor is higher, enter the balcony or window of the lower floor. If the fire on this floor is still the same as that on the upper floor, it is necessary to slide down layer by layer according to the above method until it reaches a safer floor, and then escape to the ground from the safe passage. You can also use tools such as sliding bars, safety ropes, and slow descenders to slide down layer by layer. Because the lower floors are safer than the fire floor and the upper floors.

Self-rescue and escape actions in a fire should be flexibly mastered according to the development of the fire and the fire-fighting facilities in the building environment. Special attention should be paid to the use of smoke exhaust system, ventilation system, communication system, fire separation facilities, safety evacuation instructions and evacuation facilities to create favorable conditions for their own escape.

How to use the escape device correctly?

17. Descending device: It is an escape device that users can automatically descend at a certain speed by their own weight and can be reused. Some high-rise buildings and super-high-rise buildings have installed descent control devices. Now, for example, using hydraulic compound damping technology, its rescue height can reach hundreds of meters, which is suitable for emergency escape of tall buildings of any height in the world. Usually fixed to the escape exit. In case of emergency use, just fasten the safety belt under your armpit and move your body out of the wall. At first, it will slowly descend a few meters, and then it will automatically control the uniform speed, just like the descending speed of the elevator, which is stable, safe and reliable.

18, escape chute:

19. safety ropes: some high-rise buildings and super-high-rise buildings are equipped with safety ropes. When necessary, one end of the safety rope can be hung on a solid object in a window or balcony, and people can descend along the safety rope at a speed of 1 m per second.

20. In case of emergency, indoor curtains, sheets and quilts can be tied together as safety ropes to escape smoothly. It is difficult to reach the ground due to the length, but it can be transferred to the next floor with the help of ropes to escape from the burning floor.

2 1. Lifesaving bag: As long as the evacuees get into this long bag, the surrounding friction is enough to make people slide to the ground safely.

22. Fire blanket: This kind of blanket produced by American chemical fiber company can be installed in a cylinder similar to a fire extinguisher. In case of fire, you can take out a blanket filled with water gel and cover yourself, so that you can walk through the raging fire and get out of danger safely. But you need to cover your nose and mouth with a towel when you encounter heavy smoke.

23. air respirator and towels: air respirator should be used to escape from the fire when conditions permit. If you can't find a smoke prevention device for a while, you can use a towel to protect yourself from smoke. Fold the towel for later use. Cover your nose and mouth when using, and filter the area of smoke to the maximum extent. Never take the towel away from your nose and mouth for a moment when you pass through the smoke. Even if you only take a sip, you will feel uncomfortable and lose the confidence to run away.

How to protect yourself on the run?

Learning the basic methods of self-protection in escape is an important part to ensure the safety of self-escape. If the body is injured due to poisoning, collision and other reasons during the escape, it will not only delay the escape, but also leave future troubles and even endanger life.

24. Crawl. The smoke temperature at the fire site is high, so the smoke concentration above the safe passage is higher than that below, especially near the ground. It is best to travel in a low posture when passing through a smoky area during evacuation. Such as bending, squatting, crawling, etc. Strenuous exercise can increase vital capacity. Running through the smoke area will not only increase the inhalation of toxic gases such as smoke, but also easily lead to accidents such as hitting the wall and falling down due to unclear vision. Therefore, it is not advisable to pass through the fog area at too fast a speed.

25. It is worth noting that when escaping and evacuating in a smoky environment with poor visibility, you should carefully look for safety evacuation signs and flashing signs of emergency doors in a low profile, and follow their directions to avoid just running around or shouting blindly.

26. When it is necessary to block the road by fireworks, wet the whole body cloth with water, wrap the head with clothes, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or a woolen handkerchief or pass quickly under the cover of a water gun.

27. Running around and shouting in the process of self-escape will not only consume a lot of physical strength and inhale more smoke, but also hinder other normal evacuation and induction, causing chaos, especially when there is a chaotic state of crowding around, don't rush to join. This is a big taboo in the process of escape, and it is also the cause of expanding casualties.

What are the precautions for running away?

28. Beds, desks, bathrooms, corridors, staircases, elevators and other places without any fire control facilities in the room cannot be used as shelters. Even if you can't see the flame for a while, the fumigation and hot air of smoke can make people coma and die.

29. Don't take the elevator. The elevator shaft leads directly to all floors of the building, so smoke, heat and fire can easily flood in. Under the action of heat, the elevator will be out of control or deformed; The toxicity of smoke and fire or smoking will endanger people's lives, so never take the elevator in case of fire.

30. In the process of escape, close the fire doors, fire shutters and other fire partitions in time, and start the ventilation and smoke exhaust system, which is very conducive to escape and evacuation and should be paid attention to.

3 1, don't jump off the building until you arrive. There are many examples of jumping off a building in a fire because of panic, but most of them are either dead or injured. Because according to statistics, the probability of death from jumping off a building above the third floor is extremely high, and it is best not to jump off a building unless absolutely necessary. However, if threatened by fire, there is no choice but to jump off the building, and corresponding measures should be taken to minimize casualties.

(1) Holding soft objects such as quilts and sofa cushions can slow down the impact when landing.

(2) Try to jump downstairs to the telephone line, asbestos tile carport, grass, pool or tree, which can relatively reduce the degree of casualties.

(3) When jumping with bare hands, hold your head tightly, bend your body and curl up together to avoid your head touching the ground.

Typical case 1 1997 10, a fire broke out in a sauna city in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, and panicked customers with nowhere to escape hid in the bathroom to save themselves. Afterwards, people found six customers who were poisoned and smoked to death in the bathroom.

Typical case: In 2 ××× years, a dormitory on the16th floor of Moscow State Lermonsov University caught fire. The fire * * * caused 12 people to die, 8 people were seriously injured, and 5 China students were killed in the fire.

Because most people in the student building were already asleep when the fire broke out, when these foreign students from China and Viet Nam were awakened, they were still a little confused. Quite a few victims actually tried to escape by elevator. As a result, the elevator was blocked on the second floor where the fire broke out first, and the students in the elevator were either choked to death by smoke or burned alive.

Case analysis: On the one hand, the above two cases show that fire and water are ruthless, on the other hand, they also show that the trapped people lack the necessary escape knowledge and fail to master the basic principles and methods of escape and self-protection during escape. Therefore, only by mastering the basic knowledge of fire prevention and choosing the right escape method, the right evacuation equipment and the right escape route in case of fire can we escape from the fire to the maximum extent and minimize casualties.