All kinds of information about Mongolians

Animal husbandry is the main economy that Mongolian people depend on for a long time. In addition, it is also engaged in processing industry, agriculture and industry. At present, it is mainly based on breeding. Mongolian people are good at singing and dancing, and there are two kinds of folk songs: Long song and short songs. The main musical instrument is Ma Touqin. Like wrestling. Mongolian yurts and Lele cars are their companions in nomadic life.

2. Language and writing

Mongolians have their own language. Mongolian belongs to Mongolian family of Altai language family, and there are four dialects: Inner Mongolia dialect, Urad dialect and Balhubriat Horqin dialect. At present, commonly used characters were created with Uyghur letters in the early13rd century. At the beginning of14th century, Mongolian scholar Chaji Voser reformed the original script and became a common Mongolian language.

The Mongolians in Yunnan can speak Yi and Chinese, and their Mongolian can be roughly communicated with the Mongolian in the north. Mongolian journalism, publishing, broadcasting, drama and film have also made great progress.

Classics such as The Secret History of Mongolia have been recognized as world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO. The famous heroic epic Jianger is one of China's three heroic epics. Diet is listed as an important medical invention that has made outstanding contributions to world civilization.

3. The origin of Mongols

According to the Records of Historical Records, the Mongolian Ministry originally included only two clans, Negus and Qi Yan. After they were defeated by other Turkic tribes, there were only two men and two women left. They fled to Ergon (a mountainous area along the Ergon River) and lived there. In the 8th century, due to the increasing population, they had to move. At this time, 70 branches have been differentiated, which are called "Dileqin Mongolia".

According to the Secret History of Mongolia and the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Canglang and Bailu are the ancestors of Genghis Khan, and they were born in the world by the orders of heaven. Then * * * spent Tengkis together, and began to thrive at the source of the Wonan River and in front of the Burhan Mountain, and gave birth to Bata Chihan.

The Batakai Khan mentioned here is the ancestor of Genghis Khan. In fact, Canglang and Bailu are pronounced Boer Tiechina and Hoe Emanle in Mongolian respectively, but they are only translated into Canglang and Bailu in Chinese.

4. Literature

Regarding the true national origin of Mongols, most scholars in modern times believe that Mongols come from Donghu. Donghu is a general term for tribes of the same ethnic origin, with different dialects and names.

According to Sima Qian's Historical Records, "In the east of Xiongnu, it is called Donghu." From the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, the ministries of Donghu were still in the development stage of primitive clan society, and the tribes lived a life of "following the customs and living in impermanence". In the middle of the 4th century AD, a branch of Xianbei nationality, Qidan, lived in Huangshui and Laoha River basins.

A branch of Xianbei people living in the west of Xing 'an Mountains (now Hulunbeier area) is called "Shiwei". Wei Shi's first appearance in Shu Wei was considered a failure. Shiwei and Qidan are of the same origin, bounded by Xing 'an Mountains. "Qidan in the south and Shiwei in the north" (History of the North, Volume 94, Biography of Shiwei).

After the 6th century AD, Shiwei people were divided into five parts: Nanshiwei, Beishiwei, Boshiwei, Shenduan Hengshiwei and Dashiwei, and each part was divided into several branches.

Extended data

Religious belief

Shamanism is an ancient primitive religion of Mongols. Shamanism worships many natural gods and ancestor gods. Genghis Khan believed in Shamanism and worshipped Tengger Khan's "immortal emperor". Until the Yuan Dynasty, Shamanism was still dominant in Mongolian society and still had an important influence on the Mongolian royal family, nobles and people.

When the royal family offered sacrifices to their ancestors, the ancestral temple and the emperor were lucky enough to go to the capital, and the shaman presided over the sacrifice. Genghis Khan and his successors adopted an inclusive policy towards various religions. Popular religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, Shamanism and so on.

During the period of Mongolian Khan, Mongolian Khan and the royal family not only believed in Shamanism, but also cared about Muslims, Christians, Taoist disciples and Buddhist monks, and personally participated in various religious ceremonies. The Yuan Dynasty also adopted the same policy. During the Yuan Dynasty, Muslims built temples all over the country, and Christianity was also valued and protected.

Ba Si Ba, a Buddhist, once educated Kublai Khan, his queen, the prince and many others. Buddhism replaced shamanism in the court. However, the influence of Buddhism is limited to the upper ruling class in Mongolia, and most Mongolians still believe in Shamanism.

/kloc-In the second half of the 6th century, alatan Khan of the Tumd Department of Mongolia welcomed the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism in Zong Kaba. 1578, An Dahan and the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso, met at Huayang Temple in Qinghai and held a dharma meeting. At the Fa Conference, Sonam Gyatso was named "Dalai Lama of wazir" by An Dan Khan, and the title of Dalai Lama came into being.

Since then, with the support and advocacy of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tibetan Buddhism has flourished in Mongolia. However, shamanism has been preserved in different degrees in the eastern region in the form of sacrifice, divination and treatment.

Under the advocacy of the Qing government, temples were built, Buddha statues were carved, murals were painted, statues were cast and various metal handicrafts were developed in various parts of Mongolia, and Lamaism became a tool to paralyze the Mongolian people.

Baidu encyclopedia-Mongolians