Who can provide me with some stories about protecting peace?

Chapter 15 Holding Chiang Kai-shek by the Nose

On February 16, 1935, the order the Red Army received can be used as the slogan of the Long March: "We must prepare to take the high road, and we must Be prepared to take the narrow road. We must be prepared to take the straight road, and we must be prepared to take the detour. We must not damage property, because we may still come back."

Although this is an order issued by the military committee, it reads purely like this. It was Mao's handiwork. For the next six weeks this slogan dominated the fate of the Red Army. The Red Army suddenly advanced and sometimes retreated. Elusive (this will never happen again). Chiang Kai-shek and his commanders were puzzled by this. It often took nearly a week for the Kuomintang to receive information about the whereabouts of the Communist troops. Mao's own generals were sometimes confused, especially his disciple Lin Biao. He complained that the troops were being moved too quickly, were over-stressed and needed rest. His objection was overruled.

Chiang Kai-shek mobilized his troops in anticipation of a new Red Army move across western Guizhou and toward the Yangtze River. However, when his army was ready to deploy, the Red Army was moving in the opposite direction. After crossing the Chishui River at Taipingdu and Erlangtan, the Red Army quickly turned back and reoccupied Tongzi on February 24 on its way back to Zunyi. A company of local troops fled before the arrival of the Red Army.

At that time, some Red Army commanders were opposed to the dizzying curved march. Lin Biao is one of them. At least in today's anti-Lin Biao atmosphere, this is what people recall: In order to reduce the pressure of the march, he suggested slowly approaching Loushanguan, the chokepoint of Zunyi. According to intelligence, there was a heavy enemy garrison at Loushanguan, so Lin Biao tried to delay his action by a day to give his troops a chance to breathe. The brave Peng Dehuai said that they had better take advantage of the enemy's weakness and launch an attack at dawn the next day, February 26. The Military Council agreed with Peng's opinion. During the Long March, Peng Dehuai and Lin Biao had many disputes, and Peng's opinions always prevailed. This was one of them.

The troops advanced at a forced march speed. Even Peng Dehuai admitted that the continuous march made them exhausted. At eight or nine o'clock in the morning on the 26th, Guizhou warlord Wang Jialie led his troops from Zunyi, trying to intercept the Red Army before it reached Loushanguan. At about 11 o'clock, Peng Dehuai got this information. The opposing force was still 45 miles (11 or 12 miles) away from Loushanguan. Peng ordered the troops to run forward (they had been running for several days).

This is a race against time. During this march, the three armies were under the command of Lin Biao. However, it was Peng Dehuai who led the three armies to capture the steep Loushanguan a few minutes ahead of the enemy at around 3 pm on February 26 and achieve victory. When his troops climbed to the top and looked down in the direction of Zunyi, they found that the enemy troops on the north side of the mountain were only two to three hundred yards away from them. How dangerous. Peng reported that his troops suffered only 100 casualties.

Today’s Loushanguan looks like a wide and rather gentle slope. Trucks and buses merge into an endless flow of traffic, climbing towards the black beehive. Fifty years ago, there was a wide dirt road between the double walls of the steep Loushanguan Pass that could accommodate cars and animal-drawn vehicles. The Red Army did not use the roads to march by car. Because taking the highway will deviate from the trails specified in the order and slow down the speed.

Peng Dehuai's troops occupied the main peak of Mount Lou 5 minutes earlier than the enemy. This was the first good news that the Red Army and Mao Zedong achieved a great victory in the Long March. There was only one enemy regiment guarding Loushanguan, which was defeated by Peng's troops. Before nightfall, the Red Army had firmly controlled the pass. However, there are eight regiments of Wang Jialie between Loushanguan and Zunyi, and the enemy general Wu Qiwei is approaching here with two divisions.

On February 27, the three armies pressed down from Loushan Pass with thunderous momentum, and together with the same army, they quickly advanced towards Zunyi, crushing all the enemy troops they encountered along the way. In the next few days, they destroyed two enemy divisions and eight regiments, killed and wounded 3,000 enemies, captured 2,000 prisoners, and seized 1,000 rifles and 100,000 rounds of ammunition. The Kuomintang news agency admitted to suffering "extremely heavy losses."

However, the Red Army also suffered losses. Deng Ping, chief of staff of the Third Army Corps who personally commanded the attack on Zunyi, died in this battle. When the 11th Regiment was frustrated in climbing the city wall, he was observing with a field telescope on a small hill 400 yards away.

He asked the regiment's political commissar Zhang Aiping (then Minister of Defense in 1985) to order another attack. A scout came to report that an inner wall was holding back the attacking forces. The scouts' actions attracted the enemy's attention, and they fired fiercely at the observation post. Deng Ping was hit by a bullet and died immediately.

Kong Xianquan, a veteran scout who has experienced many battles, led his men to participate in the battle of Loushanguan as a commando. They were equipped with light and heavy machine guns, and Kong carried his own barge gun. When they first captured Zunyi, everyone received new military uniforms, but now the uniforms are still not enough. Kong's subordinates only had 4 cotton tops for every 12 of them, so everyone had to take turns wearing them. The commando team arrived at Suiyang County, south of Loushanguan. Halfway to Zunyi, a Kuomintang shell exploded near Kong, and shrapnel shattered his hip. He was carried on a stretcher to Zunyi and sent to a Roman Catholic church, where a surgeon gave him anesthesia with "opium water" and performed an operation.

That night the old church was filled with the wounded. Kuomintang planes attempted to stop the Red Army's advance with bombing. Hu Yaobang, who became the general secretary of the Communist Party of China in 1984, was an 18-year-old leader of the Communist Youth League at the time and belonged to the 13th Regiment of the vanguard of Peng Dehuai's Third Army. Hu Yaobang was one of the 32 members of the Communist Youth League Central Committee who participated in the Long March. When they arrived in northern Shaanxi, there were only fourteen or five survivors among them. Hu was short in stature, energetic, thin and strong. He fell ill with typhoid fever shortly after the start of the Long March, but he recovered by this time. He is a member of the Red Army Central Working Team and he is very proud of it.

On the afternoon of February 27, Hu Yaobang and his propaganda team were on standby not far from Zunyi City. Once the troops defeated the enemy's main resistance, Hu Yaobang moved into the city to help maintain order. A group of low-flying Kuomintang aircraft roared down and a piece of shrapnel hit his right hip, causing serious injury.

Hu Yaobang was taken to Zunyi on a stretcher and sent to the Catholic Church. There, Dr. Wang Bin performed surgery on him. In 1984, Dr. Wang Bin, who was in his 80s, was still alive. Hu Yaobang considered him the best surgeon in the Red Army. Wang Bin was one of several doctors who later treated Zhou Enlai, who was dying of liver abscess during the Long March. He was a Kuomintang surgeon who was won over by the Red Army after being given preferential treatment. He was once a major. Hu Yaobang recalled: "The Red Army's policy is to strive for technical personnel, especially telegraph operators, medical personnel and people who can use heavy machine guns."

After the operation, Hu Yaobang sat on a stretcher for a few days, and then Riding a horse. As the horse jolted, he felt the wound was in great pain. He rode the horse for eight or nine years, and then gave the horse to someone who needed it more.

"I have put death aside," Hu Yaobang said when recalling the situation at that time. "There is no choice. We can only fight. If we don't fight, we will be killed."

Hu Yaobang was deeply impressed by the scout Kong Xianquan. In Zunyi, some important figures of the Red Army were injured. One is the representative of the famous "Luo Ming Line" and former Fujian Provincial Party Committee Secretary Luo Ming. He was also hit by a piece of bomb fragment. The same is true for Zhong Chibing, a political commissar of the Third Army Corps.

"Kong kept us awake all night," Hu Yaobang recalled. "He kept shouting: 'Kill! Kill!' This is the slogan shouted by the Red Army soldiers when they charged against the enemy."

Kong Xianquan was injured in a small village called Black Temple in the south of Loushan Pass. After the operation in Zunyi, he was carried on a stretcher. His hip bone was shattered and the wound would not heal. He sat on a stretcher for more than two weeks until he arrived in Qianxi County, Bijie Prefecture, on the banks of the Chishui River, where he was left to recuperate. He stayed in bed for 20 months.

However, Kong Xianquan's situation is not too bad. The Red Army leaders made good arrangements for him. A doctor and a hygienist stayed to take care of him, gave him more than 300 silver dollars as living expenses, and placed him in the home of a local rich man. The Red Army told the rich man: You are responsible for this man's safety. If you protect him well, we will thank you; if there are any mistakes, you are the only one to ask. He also left some silver dollars for doctors and health workers for living expenses and medicine expenses, and left Kong a list of the medicines he needed.

This was a very special treatment. The regulations of the Red Army at that time stipulated that if necessary, wounded or sick officers at the regiment level and above must be carried on a stretcher throughout the entire Long March. Kong was only a battalion-level officer. He was famous for his boldness and bravery, so he was given special treatment.

Ordinary wounded Red Army soldiers who were left behind were generally issued 10 to 15 silver dollars.

The rich man who took in Kong had a good impression of the Red Army. He is superstitious and believes that red flags are a sign of good luck. The Red Army soldiers who sent Kong to the rich man's house took pictures of the rich man and one of his houses, and said to the rich man, "Don't forget it." They warned, "We have photos, and we will come back to check on you." < /p>

The Xi'an Incident occurred in December 1936, and Chiang Kai-shek was detained. Then the Kuomintang and the Communist Party formed a united front. Shortly thereafter, the local governor called on all Red Army fighters to come out of hiding and promised them pardon. However, Kong's landlord, the wealthy man, refused to let him go. He said, "If the Red Army comes back in three or four years, and you are not here, how can you prove that I protected you from harm?"

Later, Kong recovered his health and went out to work as a mason. Others called him He is the "Cripple Bricklayer". In 1940, Kong got married. After his wife died, he married again in 1950. In 1984, he had 7 children, 4 boys and 3 girls. He said: "If I had so many children today, people would send me to the hospital to be 'castrated.'" After the Communist Party came to power, he held a small administrative position. During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, he was arrested, called a traitor, and paraded on a truck.

Kuomintang general Wu Qiwei led the remnants of the two divisions to escape south toward the Wujiang River. The First and Third Legions followed closely and pursued them for a whole day without even having time to eat or rest. After chasing to the Wujiang River, Wu Qiwei was ordering his troops to start crossing the pontoon bridge. Before they could all cross the river, when he saw the Red Army arriving, he hurriedly ordered to cut off the bridge cables fixed to the south bank. The pontoon swayed and fell into the rapids and was smashed to pieces. More than 1,800 of General Wu's men were left on the north bank, isolated and helpless, and had no choice but to surrender and surrender their weapons to the Red Army.

The victory at Loushanguan is exciting. For weeks, the Red Army soldiers were running and marching without food or sleep. Fighting one battle after another, everyone was exhausted to the extreme. This victory boosted their morale. As Peng Dehuai said, the Red Army actually won two victories: one at Loushanguan and the other at the Wujiang River. The victory gave the Red Army a much-needed boost. The Red Army gathered the captured officers and soldiers, gave speeches by Communist propagandists, and then mobilized them to join the Red Army. 80% of the people participated and formed a new Red Army division. Each recruit received 3 silver dollars and captured guns. Those who did not want to join the Red Army were given travel expenses and told that they could go anywhere, including the southeast, northwest and northwest. Zhu De personally talked with the captured officers, both senior and junior, and introduced the Red Army's purpose of resisting Japan and saving the country, and hoped that all Chinese soldiers could form a united front.

Peng Dehuai has a new director of the Political Department, and he is Liu Shaoqi. Liu later became China's president and a major target of the Cultural Revolution. Liu was 35 years old at the time and was considered tall among Chinese people, but not as tall as Mao. He was born into a fairly wealthy peasant family, about 35 miles from Shaoshan, the birthplace of Mao Zedong. In terms of making a fortune, the Liu family is a generation behind the Mao family. When Liu's father and uncle became middle peasants, Mao's father was already a rich peasant. Liu Shaoqi's brother later also became a rich farmer and, like Mao's father, hired farmers to work for him.

Liu Shaoqi arrived at Changsha First Normal University a little later than Mao Zedong. He then came to Beijing, where he met Mao Zedong. Liu Shaoqi originally wanted to study in France, but he didn't have enough money, so he went to Moscow in 1919 and became a member of the Communist Party in 1921. He and Mao Zedong organized the Anyuan coal miners' strike together, which made their relationship closer. Liu Shaoqi was energetic, disciplined, open-minded, and gifted as an orator, but he behaved quietly in his personal life. He loved playing with his children, and one game he taught them was poker.

At the beginning of the Long March, Liu was the central representative of the Eighth Red Army Corps. He survived the fiasco in the Xiangjiang River and was later transferred to the Fifth Army Corps. Now, he started having sex with Peng Dehuai. He participated in the entire Long March and was later sent to northern China to do dangerous underground work.

Liu Shaoqi attended the Zunyi Conference. He had a long conversation with Peng Dehuai. Peng told Liu Shaoqi that his soldiers were not afraid of forced marches or night marches, but they were afraid of getting sick and falling behind.

The Red Army quickly headed west again.

At this time, Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Jiaxiang were officially elected as members of the three-person military command group from March 11. Since then, the Red Army has adopted unprecedented tactics of attacking in the east and in the west to confuse the enemy. The purpose of this is simple, to get rid of the enemy and move north. Chiang Kai-shek had stationed a well-equipped corps of Zhou Hunyuan's troops south of Zunyi. The Kuomintang generals received orders to use all their strength to prevent the Japanese troops from crossing the river. Moreover, it was stipulated that without Chiang Kai-shek's handwriting, they were not allowed to act without authorization. In Chiang Kai-shek's view, blocking the Yangtze River was foolproof. Unless Mao could lure these troops from their forts, they would pose a fatal threat to any Red Army attempt to cross the Yangtze River.

In fact, Mao Zedong had abandoned his plan to cross the Yangtze River directly from here, but he wanted to convince the Kuomintang that this was still his intention. In fact, at this time he had decided to move west to cross the Jinsha River, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

When Liu Bocheng recalled this situation, he said: "The Red Army took the initiative and quickly interspersed among the confused Kuomintang troops. Sometimes, it seemed that the Red Army was marching eastward, but in fact it was heading eastward. Go west. The confused enemy thought we were planning to cross the Yangtze River and penetrate northward, but in fact we were preparing to turn around and attack them again."

One day, Mao Zedong drew a line on the map. line, he said: "If we want to win, we must lead the Yunnan Army out of Yunnan." Only in this way could Mao cross the Jinsha River.

In the fields, rape began to turn yellow, wheat turned green, sorghum grew strong in the black soil, and rice seedlings grew green in the paddy fields. On the mulberry-lined road, the Red Army marched. Sometimes they walk and sometimes they run. Their goal is to capture Moutai. It is still early for the grapefruit to mature. This huge and ugly fruit looks like a large, deformed grapefruit with many seeds. The harvest season has not yet come, but the poppies in the fields have already bloomed with light white, light blue and pink flowers. flowers.

Although the forced march was exhausting, the morale of the troops was high. The Red Army achieved a great victory and got rid of the depression that had been weighing on the Red Army like a dark cloud since the beginning of the Long March on October 16, 1934. After the tragic experience of Qinggangpo, Mao Zedong was full of confidence again. He wrote his first poem during the Long March to congratulate the great victory of Loushan:

The road to Xiongguan is really like iron,

Now we are crossing it from the beginning.

From the beginning,

the mountains are like the sea,

the setting sun is like blood.

The troops marched tenaciously through villages. Passing through small sugar-pressing workshops. They grabbed some sugarcane stalks and chewed them with their teeth, letting the sticky juice moisten their thirsty throats. In the warm sunshine, women sit in front of their houses, pounding rice in large red clay pots. Half-naked children played in the dust. When approaching Maotai, the Red Army saw some small breweries. Each workshop had a large copper steamer, goose-neck-shaped pipes and fermentation tanks. A colorless and transparent strong liquor is brewed in such a workshop.

Maotai is a dirty, messy little village with about 3,000 to 4,000 residents, who live overcrowded on a 60-foot-high steep bank by the Chishui River. The streets are narrow and muddy, and the houses are made of stucco or a mixture of mud and branches, some with thatched roofs and some with red tile roofs. The sky above the small village is filled with the pungent smell of the fermentation of a mixture of sorghum and wheat. That's what the Maotai people were in business - brewing a nearly pure alcoholic liquor and shipping the liquor and opium to Sichuan. Maotai is the center for transporting these two kinds of goods. It is also a large transfer station for Yanba. Salt was brought from Sichuan by caravans. The merchants unloaded the goods and loaded them with wine and opium to take back. The people of Maotai are poor, but the brewery owners and businessmen are rich. When the Red Army suddenly appeared, these rich people had fled. ”

Today, Moutai is mainly brewed and produced by state-owned distilleries, which are concentrated along a stretch of more than a mile along the river. The Chishui River is still a turbid, slow-flowing and confusing river as before. (On the entire Long March route, the Maotai Distillery was the only place I was not allowed to enter. Don’t ask me why.)

According to legend, those who were still childish at that time. The Red Army soldiers did not know what Moutai was. They poured into the brewing workshops on both sides of the street and washed their tired and soaked feet with Moutai, so that the wine flowed out of the workshops and flowed into the mud ditch. The story was meant to illustrate the Puritanism of the Red Army.

In fact, troops are prohibited from entering Maotai liquor workshops. Of course, someone still went in, and of course the consequences can be imagined. (There are three large wineries employing thirty or forty people, as well as many small family wineries.) According to rumors, Li De drank too much Maotai and fell unconscious for a week. This is just one example of the malicious lore surrounding the former Red Army adviser. Almost everyone tasted Moutai and packed up the unfinished wine and took it away.

Maotai was captured almost without firing a shot. The elite troops of the Second Division of the First Army captured Maotai with only 20 casualties. On March 16 and 17, the Red Army crossed Chishui three times at the ferry near Maotai. The troops crossed the river day and night at a crossing point, seemingly deliberately attracting the attention of the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang immediately discovered this situation and sent planes to harass the Red Army troops. A bomb exploded near Zhou Enlai, hitting a house next to his office. People tried to persuade him to hide, but he refused. The bombing was not violent. Some planes dropped large rocks painted with white ammunition numbers. The Kuomintang may be temporarily short of bombs at that time.

It seems that this operation is very strange. certainly. Mao Zedong had his own intentions. As soon as the Red Army crossed the river, Mao ordered the troops to stop advancing and sent only one regiment to run north and march more than 100 miles to Gulin. Gulin is a large, sparsely populated county that just entered Sichuan. The regiment then moved toward Zhenlong Mountain, bluffing to attract attention along the way. They move east and west, making people unpredictable. Some Kuomintang newspapers mistakenly reported that Guiyang had been captured by the Red Army. In fact, Mao's purpose was to make Chiang Kai-shek think that the Red Army was heading for a certain crossing of the Yangtze River, and to encourage Chiang Kai-shek to move his troops westward as much as possible. When the Red Army troops advancing toward the Yangtze River drew the enemy's attention away, Mao Zedong led the main force quietly back to the Chishui River. On the evening of March 21 and at dawn of March 22, he ordered the troops to cross the Chishui River again from three crossing points.

Mao Zedong’s strategy worked. Chiang Kai-shek was closely watching the situation in Chongqing. Now, he believes that the Red Army's actions are erratic and chaotic. It is a turtle in the urn and is dying. It is in danger. On March 24, Chiang Kai-shek, accompanied by his Australian adviser W.H. Duanna and his wife Soong Meiling, flew from Chongqing to Guiyang and set up his headquarters in a spacious new building. There is a small river in front of the building and the scenery is pleasant. Now, this building is the office building of Guizhou Hydropower and Forestry Department. At that time, Chiang and his entourage lived on the second floor. In addition to his personal guards, two posts were set up at the entrance of the stairs. He also brought with him a dozen generals.

In Jiang's words, the mission of this trip was to tighten the siege of the desperate Red Army and destroy it. He deployed 500,000 to 750,000 troops in this area, and the defense areas of each army were closely connected to prevent the Red Army from slipping across the Yangtze River from the north (Chiang believed this was Mao's intention), or heading west into Sichuan or Yunnan, or heading towards Go south through Guizhou to Guangdong and Guangxi, or east back to Hunan and Jiangxi. Jiang was convinced that this time he had truly trapped Mao Zedong.

In fact, Chiang Kai-shek did not have many troops in Guiyang. All senior officers of the 25th Army are on the front line, and Guiyang Police Chief Wang Tianxi has become the highest-ranking officer in the city. Chiang Kai-shek asked him to report on the local situation, appointed him as the garrison commander in person, had a cordial conversation with him, and asked him to move to the headquarters. Wang Tianxi was young at the time and easily influenced by others, which he later admitted. He said: "I was fooled by Chiang Kai-shek's amiable attitude." Within a few days, Chiang Kai-shek began to worry about the puzzling actions of the Red Army. His commander, Xue Yue, was scolded by him on the phone because he failed to obtain aerial reconnaissance information for three days. One of his personal guards told Wang Tianxi that when Chiang Kai-shek was really angry, he would throw the phone receiver on the floor, beat his chest and feet, and curse.

A few days later, there was intelligence that the Red Army was moving eastward through Xifeng and Kaiyang counties, apparently intending to cross the Wujiang River and attack Guiyang. On March 30, the Red Army fought several tough battles and broke through Wujiang River. At this time, the city of Guiyang also began to become tense. Chiang Kai-shek dispatched his troops in four or five directions to intercept the Red Army, but Guiyang city was empty of troops.

According to some people, Chiang’s wife Soong Meiling was so panicked that she began to send reports to all parts of the country, asking for troops to be sent to Guiyang immediately. Chiang Kai-shek ordered garrison commander Wang Tianxi to strengthen Guiyang's defense.

Wang Tianxi organized a battalion of gendarmerie and two companies of firefighters and policemen, totaling 400 people, and spent 24 hours building a new fortification along the city wall. Chiang did not believe the project would be completed so quickly. In the early morning, he, Song Meiling and Duanna came out to inspect. When they reached the city wall, General Gu Zhutong came to report that the Red Army had reached the northeast of Guiyang and was only seven or eight miles away from the city. (In fact, the Red Army was passing through Zhazuo at this time, almost 25 miles from Guiyang)

Chiang Kai-shek had given the order, although he did not know what the consequences of the order would be, which made Mao Zedong's brilliant strategy Be successful. The Kuomintang leader ordered General Sun Du, commander of the Yunnan Army in Yunnan, to lead three elite brigades to rescue Guiyang immediately. He believed that this would be enough to resist any attack by Mao. However, Mao had no intention of attacking Guiyang, but he very much hoped that Chiang Kai-shek would believe that this was his plan. Chiang Kai-shek asked Sun Du to rush to rescue Guiyang, which actually made way for Mao's troops to rush to the Jinsha River.

Of course, Mao and Chiang did not know this at the time. Sundu was still some distance away from Guiyang, and Mao's troops could reach Guiyang within one or two hours.

"How far is it from the airport?" Chiang Kai-shek asked anxiously. Guard commander Wang Tianxi began to estimate the distance. Before he had time to reply, another report came: a Communist plainclothes team had been discovered near the airport.

"It's too late to escape by plane." Chiang Kai-shek thought anxiously, stepped back and forth silently, then suddenly turned around and said to Wang Tianxi: "Find me 20 reliable guides , Get some strong tall horses and two good sedans, the faster the better." Wang Tianxi ran out to organize the escape convoy. When the sun rose as high as a pole, he gathered the motorcade and returned to report to Chiang Kai-shek. While he was reporting, another piece of information came in: the Red Army was bypassing Guiyang and moving toward Longli, 25 miles east.

Chiang Kai-shek was silent for a moment, looking at the map carefully with a red pencil in his hand, and then he said: "I think they are returning to Hunan and Jiangxi." While he was discussing this possibility, General Sun Du of the Yunnan Army arrived . He reported that his three brigades were moving into the city. Chiang Kai-shek asked Sun Du what he thought of the situation. Sun Du tactfully avoided Jiang's question and said, "I believe in your opinion."

"I know you must be very tired," Jiang said apologetically, "but I still have to ask you to help." "I'm so busy, lead your troops toward Longli."

Chiang Kai-shek further explained to Sun that he had instructed Xue Yue to advance eastward from Zunyi to intercept the Red Army, and he also called He Jian to be there. Deploy troops in western Hunan.

"Your officers and soldiers must be very tired," Chiang Kai-shek emphasized again, "I will give thousands of yuan as a reward."

A new alarm appeared in the early morning of the next day. : There was loud gunfire in the south of the city.

Another Kuomintang general Chen Cheng said to the garrison commander Wang Tianxi: "This enemy of ours is really cunning. It suddenly changed its direction to the west, and now it is moving south. What can we do?"

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Wang Tianxi later concluded with enlightenment: "This was a very mobile and flexible military operation. The Red Army held Chiang Kai-shek's nose."

(Unfinished)

< p>For more information about the Long March, please refer to the Hu Yaobang Historical Information Network www.hybsl.cn