Authoritative interpretation of the Notice of National Development and Reform Commission on Printing and Distributing the Development Plan of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics:

Zhang, Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter's question on the development plan of cold chain logistics of agricultural products.

Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the Development Plan of Cold Chain Logistics of Agricultural Products (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). A few days ago, Zhang, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, was interviewed by a reporter and expounded the background, significance, objectives and tasks of the Plan.

1. Please introduce the background of this plan.

A: Cold chain logistics of agricultural products refers to a special supply chain system in which fresh agricultural products, such as meat, poultry, aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and eggs, are always in a suitable low-temperature controlled environment during the processing, storage, transportation, distribution and retail of products after being harvested (or slaughtered and caught) from the place of origin, so as to ensure product quality and quality safety to the maximum extent, reduce losses and prevent pollution.

Since the beginning of the new century, the storage and preservation technology of agricultural products in China has developed rapidly, the development environment and conditions of cold chain logistics of agricultural products have been continuously improved, and the cold chain logistics of agricultural products has developed rapidly. At present, about 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products enter the circulation field every year in China, and the proportion of cold chain logistics is gradually increasing. The cold chain circulation rate of fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products reached 5%, 15% and 23% respectively, and the refrigerated transportation rate reached 15%, 30% and 40% respectively. In terms of infrastructure of cold chain logistics of agricultural products, there are nearly 20,000 cold storages in China, with a total storage capacity of 8.8 million tons, including 6.5438+0.4 million tons of cooling materials and 7.4 million tons of frozen materials. At present, there are 20,000 mechanical refrigerated trains 19 10, 20,000 mechanical refrigerated trucks and 654.38+10,000 tons refrigerated ships, and the annual container production capacity is 1 10,000 TEUs. The wide popularization of low-energy and low-cost cold chain processing technology adapted to China's national conditions has promoted the rapid rise of high-value agricultural products cold chain represented by aquatic products and out-of-season fruits and vegetables. Cold chain logistics enterprises are constantly emerging, and show the development trend of networking, standardization, scale and collectivization.

But on the whole, the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China is still in its infancy, and a large-scale and systematic cold chain logistics system has not yet been formed, which still lags behind the needs of developing modern agriculture, household consumption and expanding agricultural products exports. In recent years, the State Council has repeatedly stressed the need to speed up the construction of cold chain logistics system of agricultural products and promote the circulation of agricultural products in the central document 1. Some national standards, industrial standards and local standards for cold chain logistics were promulgated and implemented, and important laws and regulations such as food safety law were gradually improved. In the "Planning for the Adjustment and Revitalization of Logistics Industry" issued in 2009, it is clearly proposed to improve the cold chain logistics facilities such as storage, processing, transportation and distribution of fresh agricultural products and increase the proportion of refrigerated transportation of fresh agricultural products. The importance of cold chain logistics of agricultural products has been further recognized by consumers, and the demand for "high quality and good price" agricultural products in the whole society is growing day by day.

Therefore, in order to comply with this development requirement and implement the logistics industry adjustment and revitalization plan, we draw lessons from the "from field to table" integrated cold chain logistics system established by developed countries and combine the actual situation of the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China to formulate this plan. The planning period is 20 10-20 15.

Ii. the promulgation of the plan to accelerate the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products is of great significance to promoting farmers' sustained income increase and ensuring the safety of residents' consumption?

A: In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure and the improvement of residents' consumption level, the output and circulation of fresh agricultural products have increased year by year, and the whole society has put forward higher requirements for the safety and quality of fresh agricultural products. Therefore, accelerating the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products is of great significance for promoting farmers' sustained income increase and ensuring consumption safety.

First of all, it is to meet the objective needs of large-scale circulation of agricultural products. After 30 years of reform and opening up, China's agricultural structure adjustment has achieved remarkable results, the regional and variety layout has been optimized day by day, and the circulation of agricultural products has shown the characteristics of scale, long distance and anti-season, which puts forward higher requirements for the scale and efficiency of agricultural product logistics services. Especially the regional large-scale output of fresh agricultural products and the increase of off-season sales, it is urgent to speed up the development of trans-regional fresh-keeping transportation of agricultural products.

Secondly, it is a necessary guarantee to meet the consumption of residents. With the continuous improvement of the consumption level and ability of urban and rural residents, residents put forward higher requirements for the diversification, freshness and nutrition of agricultural products, especially for food safety. Accelerating the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products has become a necessary means to ensure the quality of agricultural products, reduce nutrient loss and ensure food safety.

The third is an important way to increase farmers' income. For a long time, postharvest losses of agricultural products in China have been serious. The rotting rate of fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products in circulation reached 20-30%, 12% and 15% respectively, and the annual loss of fruits and vegetables alone reached10 billion yuan. At the same time, restricted by the storage and transportation capacity of fresh agricultural products after centralized listing, the contradiction between the "difficulty in selling" of agricultural products and the seasonal fluctuation of prices is prominent, and farmers sometimes increase production without increasing income. Developing cold chain logistics of agricultural products can not only reduce the postpartum losses of agricultural products, but also promote the balanced sales of agricultural products across seasons and increase farmers' income steadily.

Fourthly, it is an important measure to improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products. The production of fresh agricultural products in China has a strong comparative advantage, but due to the backward development of cold chain, the export volume of vegetables and fruits in China only accounts for 1-2% of the total output, and 80% of them are primary products, which are not competitive in the international market. Especially in recent years, with the continuous improvement of the access standards of imported agricultural products in developed countries, related quality, technology and green barriers have become important obstacles restricting the export of agricultural products in China. Accelerating the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products will help improve the quality of exported agricultural products, break through trade barriers and enhance international competitiveness.

3. What are the problems in the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China?

A: Although the cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China has developed rapidly in recent years, compared with developed countries, there are still some outstanding problems, mainly as follows:

First, the proportion of fresh agricultural products circulating through the cold chain is low. In Europe, America, Canada, Japan and other developed countries, the cold chain circulation rate of meat and poultry reaches 100%, and the cold chain circulation rate of vegetables and fruits reaches over 95%, while most fresh agricultural products in China are still circulating at room temperature.

Second, the infrastructure capacity of cold chain logistics is seriously insufficient. China's per capita cold storage capacity is only 7 kg, and the proportion of refrigerated trucks to trucks is only 0.3%. The existing cold storage facilities are generally old and unevenly distributed in regions, and key logistics nodes such as large-scale agricultural products wholesale markets and regional agricultural products distribution centers lack cold storage facilities.

Third, the promotion of cold chain logistics technology lags behind. Post-natal precooling technology of fresh agricultural products and commercial processing methods such as grading and packaging processing in low temperature environment have not been popularized, and the temperature control methods in transportation links are primitive and extensive, and the automatic temperature control in the whole process widely used in developed countries has not been widely used.

Fourth, the development of third-party cold chain logistics enterprises lags behind. In the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products, the mechanism of high quality and good price has not yet been formed, and the service system of cold chain logistics has not yet been fully established. The existing cold chain logistics enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, with weak strength, small distribution scale and inconsistent service standards. Large-scale cold chain logistics enterprises with the ability of resource integration and industry promotion have just started.

Fifth, the laws and regulations system and standard system of cold chain logistics are not perfect. The system of laws and regulations to regulate the behavior of market participants in all aspects of cold chain logistics has not yet been established, and there is no unified standard for facilities, equipment, temperature control and operation norms in all aspects of cold chain logistics, so it is difficult to achieve effective connection of information resources. The relevant management measures and operational norms generally implemented in developed countries are still in the primary stage of popularization in China.

4. What are the development goals set in the plan?

A: It is clearly stated in the plan that by 20 15, a number of cross-regional cold chain logistics distribution centers with high efficiency, large scale and new technology will be built, and the core technologies of cold chain logistics will be widely promoted, forming a number of core cold chain logistics enterprises with strong resource integration ability and international competitiveness, and initially establishing a cold chain logistics service system for agricultural products with reasonable layout, advanced facilities, upstream and downstream connection, perfect functions, standardized management and sound standards. The cold chain logistics level of meat and aquatic products has been significantly improved, and the food safety guarantee ability has been significantly enhanced; The development of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics has been further accelerated. The cold chain circulation rate of fruits, vegetables, meat and aquatic products increased to above 20%, 30% and 36% respectively, the refrigerated transportation rate increased to about 30%, 50% and 65% respectively, and the product corruption rate in the circulation link decreased to below 15%, 8% and 10% respectively.

What are the main tasks defined in the verb (verb's abbreviation) plan?

A: The guiding ideology put forward in the Plan is to speed up the construction of cold chain logistics technology, norms and standards system, improve cold chain logistics infrastructure, cultivate cold chain logistics enterprises, build an integrated cold chain logistics service system according to market orientation and enterprises as the main body, reduce the post-harvest losses and circulation costs of agricultural products, promote farmers' income, and ensure the quality and consumption safety of agricultural products. At the same time, the "Planning" identified seven tasks for the cold chain construction of agricultural products:

The first is to promote the concept and technology of modern cold chain logistics. Strengthen the publicity of the importance of cold chain in the whole process, encourage enterprises to use the concept and technology of cold chain logistics to control the low temperature of related links, and realize the cold chain logistics operation of fresh agricultural products from the place of origin to the place of sale. Strengthen the construction of temperature monitoring and traceability system of related enterprises to realize the quality control and safety of agricultural products in all aspects of production and circulation.

The second is to improve the cold chain logistics standard system. Focus on formulating and popularizing a number of operational norms and technical standards for cold chain logistics of agricultural products, establish a whole-process quality control system based on HACCP, and actively promote the quality and safety certification and market access system.

The third is to establish a cold chain logistics system for agricultural products in major varieties and key areas. Encourage the development of cold chain logistics of meat agricultural products, accelerate the construction of cold chain logistics system of aquatic products, and gradually promote the development of cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Actively develop the pork cold chain logistics system from Central South to the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao and other coastal areas, and from the northeast to Beijing and Tianjin; From the advantageous aquatic products producing areas such as Huanghuaihai, the southeast coast and the Yangtze River basin to the aquatic products cold chain logistics system in large and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions; Apple, citrus, tropical fruit and other characteristic fruit producing areas, fruit cold chain logistics system in large and medium-sized cities, anti-season vegetables and characteristic vegetables cold chain logistics system transported from south to north and east to west.

The fourth is to accelerate the cultivation of third-party cold chain logistics enterprises. Cultivate a number of large-scale cold chain logistics enterprises with strong economic strength, advanced business philosophy and management methods and strong core competitiveness. Encourage enterprises to build low-temperature preservation facilities at the place of origin and sales, realize low-temperature control at the source, establish a cold chain logistics system with production enterprises as the core, and realize efficient docking of cold chain logistics in the market of origin and sales market. Encourage large retail enterprises to carry out the construction of fresh distribution centers and provide third-party cold chain logistics services.

The fifth is to strengthen the infrastructure construction of cold chain logistics. Focus on strengthening the construction of cold storage facilities for important agricultural products logistics nodes such as wholesale markets, speed up the planning and layout of a number of low-temperature distribution and processing centers for fresh agricultural products around large and medium-sized cities, improve the temperature control facilities for agricultural products processing, and improve the construction of various facilities supporting cold chain logistics.

Sixth, speed up the upgrading of cold chain logistics equipment and technology. Accelerate the independent research and development, introduction, digestion and absorption of various new energy-saving and environmental-friendly cold chain logistics technologies, focus on strengthening the research and development and promotion of various high-performance cooling and freezing equipment, automatic sorting, cleaning and processing and packaging equipment, improve the effective mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and continuously improve the independent innovation capability and technical level of the cold chain logistics industry.

The seventh is to promote the informationization of cold chain logistics. By establishing a regional public information platform for cold chain logistics of various fresh agricultural products, data exchange and information sharing can be realized and cold chain logistics resources can be optimized. Encourage enterprises to carry out information construction and improve the information management level of cold chain logistics business management. Popularize the application of bar code, RFID and other technologies, and establish a whole-process monitoring system platform for the quality and safety of fresh agricultural products. Clarify the responsibility mechanism of cold chain logistics information submission and information exchange, improve the ability of government supervision departments to collect and process cold chain information, and improve the level of industry supervision and quality assurance.

6. What measures are taken to strengthen the capital investment in the development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products? What areas are our investment priorities?

A: The construction of cold chain logistics facilities should give full play to the role of market mechanism, encourage enterprises to increase investment and raise construction funds through multiple channels. The central and local governments can give necessary guidance and support to large-scale cold storage facilities, cold storage vehicles, product quality certification and traceability, enterprise informatization and other important projects. We should broaden the financing channels of agricultural products cold chain logistics enterprises in many ways. Banking financial institutions should increase financing support for qualified agricultural products cold chain logistics enterprises and do a good job in supporting financial services.

The Plan puts forward eight major projects, which will be the key investment areas we encourage in the cold chain logistics of agricultural products, including:

The first is the cold storage construction project. Encourage enterprises to speed up the construction of a number of advanced, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, efficient and applicable cold storage facilities on the basis of technological transformation and full use of existing low-temperature storage facilities to meet the urgent needs of the whole society for storage facilities. By 20 15, the whole society will be promoted to increase the storage capacity of cold storage100000 tons through transformation, expansion and new construction.

The second is the construction project of low-temperature distribution processing center. Encourage enterprises to plan and build a number of distribution centers with the function of transit distribution under low temperature conditions around large and medium-sized cities, and concentrate on processing processes such as meat and aquatic products segmentation, fruit and vegetable sorting, packaging and stowage, so as to form an integrated cold chain logistics system.

Third, cold chain transport vehicles and refrigeration equipment projects. Encourage large-scale cold chain logistics enterprises to purchase refrigerated transport vehicles to improve the cold chain transport rate of fresh agricultural products in China; Encourage meat and aquatic products processing, circulation and sales enterprises to purchase cold chain facilities and equipment, improve cold chain processing capacity, and gradually reduce the occurrence of "broken chain" phenomenon.

The fourth is the cultivation project of cold chain logistics enterprises. Focus on cultivating a number of agricultural products cold chain logistics enterprises with great development potential, good operating efficiency and strong radiation-driven ability. Encourage them to innovate logistics service mode, strengthen resource integration, expand logistics service network, strengthen asset reorganization and strategic cooperation through policy inclination and other means.

The fifth is the whole process monitoring and traceability system engineering of cold chain logistics. Choose 50 large-scale agricultural products production and logistics enterprises such as fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products, take the lead in building the whole process temperature control and traceability system, and use the existing enterprise management and market transaction information platform to establish a convenient, efficient and low-cost agricultural products cold chain logistics information traceability system.

Sixth, the cold chain logistics project of meat and aquatic products. Encourage large-scale meat and aquatic products enterprises to carry out the construction of low-temperature primary processing facilities, promote the monitoring technology of the whole process of refrigerated transportation and transportation of meat and aquatic products, promote the sales model of refrigerators in supermarkets and hypermarkets in retail links, and form a "seamless" meat cold chain logistics system. Strengthen the construction of pork storage and storage cold storage directly under the central government and local pork storage and storage cold storage, improve the pork storage and storage system by relying on enterprise cold storage, and improve the government's ability to regulate the pork market.

Seventh, the fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics project. Focus on strengthening the construction of grading, packaging, pre-cooling commercialization and refrigeration, and promote the improvement of cold chain logistics facilities for fruit and vegetable products in main producing areas. Vigorously develop refrigerated transportation, improve the construction of cold chain distribution facilities for fruits and vegetables in the main sales areas, and develop modern fruit and vegetable distribution centers with centralized procurement and cross-regional distribution capabilities. Encourage enterprises to speed up the construction of cold chain logistics facilities and actively cultivate third-party fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics service enterprises with certain scale and competitiveness.

Eight is the cold chain logistics supervision and inspection system engineering. Improve the supervision and inspection infrastructure construction of cold chain logistics production, processing, storage, transportation, transit, import and export and other major links. In the key projects of cold chain construction, supervision and testing facilities will be built simultaneously. Relying on the existing supervision and testing resources, we will further improve the inspection and testing capabilities of major production bases, processing bases, distribution centers, transit centers and import and export ports, improve the supervision level, and ensure product quality and safety.

7. What safeguards have been formulated to ensure the smooth implementation of the plan?

A: In order to promote the rapid and healthy development of cold chain logistics of agricultural products in China as soon as possible and ensure the smooth implementation of the plan, we will take a series of safeguard measures:

The first is to strengthen coordination. The cold chain logistics system of agricultural products has many links and a long industrial chain. It is a cross-departmental, cross-industry and cross-regional system engineering, which needs cooperation and support from many aspects. Strengthen coordination and cooperation with relevant departments, form a joint force, organize planning and implementation in a unified way, coordinate and solve outstanding contradictions and major problems in the development of cold chain logistics, and ensure the realization of planning objectives.

The second is to integrate resources and increase investment. By means of merger and reorganization, equity participation, joint venture and cooperation, we will integrate the existing fresh agricultural products production and processing enterprises, wholesale markets, cold chain logistics enterprises and cold chain logistics resources of ports, docks and aviation and maritime transportation hubs, accelerate the pace of upgrading and supporting cooperation, and establish large-scale national and regional low-temperature logistics centers. Give full play to the role of market mechanism, encourage enterprises to increase investment and banking financial institutions to provide financing support, while the central and local governments can give necessary guidance and support to important projects.

The third is to encourage innovation and cultivate talents. Strengthen the innovative research and development of cold chain logistics technology and equipment, focusing on the research and development of new technologies and processes for cold chain logistics of agricultural products, new high-efficiency and energy-saving large-capacity refrigeration machinery and mobile cooling devices. At the same time, guide and promote the establishment of cold chain logistics related disciplines and courses in colleges and universities, develop vocational education in cold chain logistics of agricultural products, encourage relevant units to carry out technical training and continuing education, establish incentive and flexible mechanism for cold chain logistics of agricultural products, and promote the construction of high-quality talent team.

The fourth is to improve relevant policies and regulations. Taking into account the characteristics of third-party cold chain logistics enterprises of agricultural products, we will improve the pilot measures for paying taxes on business tax differences of enterprises and expand the scope of policy enjoyment. Reasonably arrange the land for cold storage construction, simplify the pre-approval procedures for the establishment of cold chain logistics enterprises, and relax the urban traffic control of cold chain transport vehicles; Reasonably determine the load capacity of transport vehicles; Support refrigerated transport vehicles to join across regions, and provide support in vehicle inspection and vehicle management. The prices of water, electricity and gas in cold chain logistics enterprises are basically the same as those in industrial enterprises. Improve the laws and regulations system of cold chain logistics, further strengthen the formulation of mandatory national standards, establish a whole-process quality control system and a whole-process quality inspection supervision mechanism based on HACCP, and formulate operational norms and technical standards for cold chain logistics that are in line with international standards.