An introduction to mine warfare (about 100 words) should not be too long

Landmine warfare was one of the most important combat methods used by the Shandong militia in China during the Anti-Japanese War. Landmines were the most important combat weapon at that time. During the Anti-Japanese War, landmines showed their great power, not only writing a glorious page in the history of the people's revolutionary struggle in Haiyang, Shandong, but also inking a heavy mark in the history of the Anti-Japanese War in Jiaodong. The 1962 movie "Mine Warfare" shot by the Bayi Film Studio of the Chinese People's Liberation Army is a classic and has a great influence. The game "Mine Warfare" launched in March 1998 is also a high-quality game.

The military and civilians laid landmines to fight the invaders

The rise of landmine warfare. In Shandong, the Haiyang militia was not the first to invent and use landmines, but the Haiyang militia invented and manufactured dozens of types of landmines in practice. Haiyang's landmine warfare is the most famous in Shandong. It played an important role in the Anti-Japanese War. and played a huge role in the War of Liberation.

The rise and development of landmine warfare have its objective inevitability. China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a war of the entire nation. Not only the army must participate, but the militia is also an important force in the entire nation's resistance war. Since the militiamen had very poor weapons and equipment at that time and had almost no decent guns, easily manufactured landmines naturally became the militiamen's main weapon against the Japanese army. Moreover, landmines themselves are also highly lethal. Under these conditions, the development and large-scale application of landmines became a matter of course.

In the early 1940s, the Hai Duong militia did not have landmines and had no experience in using mines to attack the enemy. In the spring of 1943, the County People's Armed Forces Committee held a meeting of directors of the district armed committees in Nanbu Village, Xiaoji District. Luan Jinjie, director of the County Armed Forces Committee, introduced the experience of the militiamen in Daze Mountain District, Pingdu County, in setting up mine formations to kill the enemy. Staff officer Yang Zhaolong taught the methods of laying mines and distributed several iron mines to each district. Only then did the Haiyang militiamen begin to understand landmines and He has an indissoluble bond with mines. In May of the same year, Yu Fengming, deputy captain of the soldiers in Ruiyu Village, Xiaoji District, planted two landmines on the road between Ruiyu and Dongcun Village, killing and injuring five Japanese and puppet soldiers who came out of Xingcun Village to rob wheat. The prelude to the Haiyang mine war began.

At the same time, militias in other villages also took active action and began to use landmines to attack the Japanese invaders. In the autumn of the same year, Zhao Tonglun, the captain of the Zhaotuan village militia, received two large landmines from the district armed committee. After returning to the village, he worked with Zhao Shoufu and other militiamen to develop several methods of laying mines, such as pull wires and trip wires. One day in early October, Zhao Tonglun led Zhao Shoufu and others to plant two trip mines near the top of Zaobu Mountain in the southwest of the village, killing and wounding 5 puppet soldiers. When soldiers from Wenshan Hou Village learned that the enemies in Xingcun were "mopping up" in the Heya, Zhaitou, and Xiaoji areas, instructor Li Shuzi and squad leader Yu Huahu led the village explosion team and laid two landmines in Yehu Mountain to "mopping up" the enemies. After returning from Xiaojizhuan, as soon as I walked onto Yehu Mountain, I stepped on a landmine and four or five Japanese soldiers flew into the sky. The enemy panicked, and just as they turned to the front hillside, they stepped on another mine, and three more enemies met the King of Hell. The remaining enemies were so frightened that they fled back to their strongholds and did not dare to move out for more than a month. Ye Hongfu, the basic cadre leader of the Yejia villagers in the Dashan District, planted a mine in Xiejia Village, killing and wounding 5 Japanese and puppet soldiers; Yu Fengming twice led the militiamen to kill and wound 3 Japanese soldiers and 8 puppet soldiers with landmines, and killed the adjutant. One each and one translator, and one war horse was killed.

Landmines made in the base area

The successful practice of landmine warfare in the early days greatly inspired the anti-Japanese fighting spirit of the county militia, and landmine warfare began to be carried out from point to area throughout the county. At first, mine warfare was only carried out in Xiaoji, Xingcun, Dashan and other districts close to enemy strongholds. Later, it gradually spread to the entire county, with militias in some villages in Yushan, Longshan, Leishi, Changshui, Gaojia, Xujiadian and other districts , successfully applied landmine warfare to counter "mopping up" and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders.

After the widespread development of landmine warfare, the supply of landmines was insufficient. In order to solve this problem, Wenshan Hou Village soldiers such as Yu Huahu, Li Shuzi, Yu Xishui, Yu Jinhu and other explosive backbones gathered together to discuss and study the issue of mine-making. After repeated trials, they developed various mines such as stone mines and trip mines. After that, village soldiers such as Zhao Tuan, "Five Tiger Village", Luan Jia, Xia Ze and others also discovered Shi Lei.

In May 1943, Yu Huahu, captain of the Wenshan Hou Village militia, led the militia to plant more than 70 stone mines, all of which "bloomed", killing 17 enemies at a time. After the county and district armed committees summarized and promoted their experience, the militia across the county generally learned how to make stone mines.

Since the launch of mine warfare, the enemies who came out to "mopping up" have suffered repeated setbacks and dare not act rashly. Party organizations at all levels seized this favorable opportunity to mobilize the masses to "resist donations" and "resist food", cutting off the enemy's source of support and causing the enemy's strongholds to run out of food and grass. The trapped enemies sprang out like vicious tigers to "sweep" them. The militiamen in the Penzi Mountain area united to fight against the enemy.

Zhao Tuan, Wenshanhou, and Xiaotan villages are suitable for guerrilla warfare, and mine warfare is also the most active in these three villages. Several times the enemy tried to "mopping up" inland, but they grabbed their throats and beat them to a miserable state. As a result, the three villages were hailed as "Special Model Explosion Villages" by the Jiaodong Military Region. At that time, Zhao Tonglun and Zhao Shoufu from Zhao Tuan, Yu Huahu and Li Shuzi from Wenshan Hou, and Sun Yumin from Xiaotan Village were the most famous. Although Sun Yumin is a girl of fifteen or sixteen years old, she is a powerful general who kills enemies. She once went to a village five or six miles away to deliver information, and even went deep into the tiger's den alone to eliminate her uncle Zhang Xianbin, who was a traitor. She has taught more than 40 women how to lay and make mines. They buried some stones, copper coins, broken pot iron and other things in the mine pits to double the lethality of the mines. Zhao Tuan's militiamen created aerial trip mines to bomb enemy commanders and cavalry. In this way, not only the "snakeheads" were beaten, but it also played a certain role in dismantling the puppet army. At that time, the entire Penzi Mountain area became a place where militiamen carried out sparrow warfare and mine warfare. Every time the enemy dispatched, they were defeated with massive casualties.

Militiamen laid mines on the railway

The Haiyang mine warfare played a huge role in the Anti-Japanese War. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Haiyang militia used flexible landmine warfare to cooperate with the Eighth Route Army, and skillfully launched a life-and-death struggle with the Japanese invaders. It played a huge role and became an important guarantee for victory in the Anti-Japanese War.

In the winter of 1943, for more than 300 days, the puppet troops came to the Dongcun area north of Zhaotuan Village to grab grain. After hearing the news, Zhao Tuan's militiamen laid an ambush on the nearby Zhanzi Mountain and laid mine arrays on the road. When the enemy was two or three miles away from Zhao Tuan, they suddenly turned westward. At this time, Zhao Tonglun, the militia captain who was ambushing on the mountain, decisively ordered, "The sparrow group fires, and the native gunners fire the cannons to draw the enemy over!" Suddenly, the guns and cannons fired in unison, and everyone shouted for kill. The Japanese and puppet troops immediately rushed towards the militiamen. The militiamen alertly turned to the direction of the minefield and continued to fire cold shots. The enemy rushed towards the militiamen again and fell into the mine array deployed by the militiamen, killing and wounding 15 enemy people.

After suffering several hardships, the cunning enemy came up with some ways to deal with landmines. When they encountered a "stepping thunder", they used lime powder to spread a circle around it to prevent contact; when they encountered a "trip thunder", they used iron hooks to hook it out from a distance. In order to prevent the enemy from clearing mines, we also developed the "Mother-Mother Mine". When the enemy sets off the mother mine, the child mines will explode. When the enemy moves erratically, they will carry out "flying explosions". In constant practice, they have successively created and improved more than 30 types of mines, including "Ding Zi Lei", "Water Mine", and "Plum Blossom Mine", making it difficult for the enemy to guard against and being repeatedly bombarded by thunder. At that time, Zhaotuan, Wenshanhou, and Xiaotan were the villages most active in conducting landmine warfare and were the famous "Special Model Explosion Villages" of the Jiaodong Military Region. They buried a large number of landmines on the enemy's communication lines and offensive areas. The enemy could not escape the bombings even when they walked on the main roads, small roads, cliffs, mountains, beaches and crop fields. Once, after the enemy came out of the cave to Wenshan, they found that there were landmines buried on the road. They still followed the old tradition and used iron hooks to fish the mines, and then hurriedly fell down. However, the fish was fake, and the real mine exploded where the enemy lay down. , the traitor captain and several Japanese soldiers were blown up into the sky together. In order to deal with the enemy's mine clearance team, the militiamen dug up new soil everywhere, deliberately showing suspicious traces, and buried mines in places where there was no new soil, so that the enemy was deceived. When the enemy discovered the secret of landmines in places where there was no new soil, the militiamen planted landmines in the new soil and planted straw men next to the new soil. The straw men had the slogan "Down with the Japanese ghosts" written on them. The enemy immediately If you see it, you will definitely rush forward to pull it out angrily, and you will be struck by lightning. In order to stun the enemy, the militiamen also studied a "slow mine" that automatically ignites in the belly of the mine. Once, the Japanese picked up the mine and carefully brought it back for study. Suddenly, the mine exploded, blowing the enemies in the room to pieces. Wherever the Japanese and puppet troops went, landmines rang out, and the enemies were killed and wounded every time they "mopped up".

There was a ballad circulated among the masses at that time: "The iron watermelon of Haiyang is famous all over the world. Boom, boom, boom, the bombs exploded and the devils blossomed."

In order to avoid being struck by thunder, the enemy also I came up with a more vicious method, which is to let the common people open the way in front. One time, the enemy wanted to come out to grab food, so they captured some people from near the station and forced them to lead their animals to clear the way through thunder in front, while the enemy followed behind. In order not to hurt the unwarranted people, the militiamen invented a "long vine thunder". After the people in front passed by, the militiamen ambushing nearby quickly pulled the long line. With several loud noises, the enemy's flesh and blood flew everywhere. , but the common people are safe and sound.

Due to the repeated attacks on the enemy, the strength of the troops was greatly damaged. In order to survive, all the Japanese and puppet troops on the periphery were concentrated in the Xingcun stronghold, and the surrounding people were forced to feed inside. Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu and other militiamen went deep into Dongshan, Penghuazhuang, Nanbozi and other villages, mobilized the masses to cut off the enemy's supply, organized them to build armed forces, and learn minelaying techniques. The enemy in the stronghold was left empty-handed, so they had to use cars to transport them here from Qingdao. Our militiamen planted tin mines on the Qingwei Highway where the enemy's cars passed, blowing up a car running in front, and the other three cars hurriedly turned around and fled. The militiamen swarmed over and unloaded a lot of rice and flour from the truck, all of which were handed over to the district committee.

The enemy failed to transport food by land and switched to transporting food by sea. The ship sailed to the south of Hejia Village. There was no dock there and the ship could not reach the shore. The Japanese army asked the puppet troops to go into the water to carry food. Through investigation, Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu and others found out the enemy's round-trip route to the water to carry food, and buried mines on the enemy's way in advance. When the enemy approached the shore carrying food, the underwater mines exploded simultaneously, and the enemy A large number of people fell dead in the water, and the militiamen took the opportunity to steal the food. Later, the enemy switched to using planes to transport food, but there were more wolves and less meat, which simply could not meet the needs. Therefore, it could only be thrown to the Japanese army at "West Temple". But the plane flew too low and was beaten, and it flew too high and the throw was inaccurate. After three attempts, only one pack of cans was thrown into the "West Temple", and the rest fell outside the fence and became comfort items for the militiamen. . The trapped enemy was restless.

On May 19, 1945, more than 500 Japanese and puppet troops invaded the "Five Tiger Village" and fell into a minefield. They walked less than five miles in five hours and stepped on more than 20 landmines, killing more than 30 people. . In the same year, it was awarded the honorable title of "Combat Model Village" by the Jiaodong Military Region.

In May 1945, more than 2,000 Japanese and puppet troops occupied the Penzi Mountain area. The Haiyang militia launched an unprecedented mine explosion war against the enemy and achieved a major victory.

On May 18, enemies at the Xingcun stronghold attacked Zhao Tuan. Zhao Tonglun, Zhao Shoufu and others obtained this information in advance and led the militiamen to place mine arrays in the village. The enemy broke into the woods to the north of the village and set off trip mines; then rushed towards the intersection and set off "box mines", killing and wounding 16 Japanese and puppet troops and killing one war horse. On the 19th of the same month, more than 500 Japanese and puppet troops invaded the "Five Tiger Village". From 10 am to 3 pm, they walked less than 5 miles and stepped on more than 20 landmines. On the afternoon of the 26th, more than 600 Japanese and puppet troops in the Sogezhuang stronghold retreated southward in three routes. Yu Huahu, captain of the Wenshan Hou Village soldiers, led the explosion team to quickly deploy mines to stop the enemy. More than 200 puppet troops arrived at the west of the village first, stepped on three landmines one after another, and did not dare to move. More than 200 Japanese troops arrived shortly after and stepped on a landmine at the northwest end of the village and a series of mines on the river bank, causing heavy casualties. The enemy troops were surrounded by mines and were in a dilemma. They had to carry more than 40 dead and injured people and flee to the strongholds of Kuangli and Sunjiakuang villages. In late May, the Japanese and puppet troops set up strongholds in Sunjiakuang Village and Kuangli Village, posing a great threat to militia activities and the safety of the masses. The Dashan District Combat Command dispatched more than 20 explosive experts from Yejia, Xiujia, Daigezhuang, Huaijiabo and other villages. Led by Yu Dongshan, director of the District Armed Forces Committee, they went to the top of Huangshan Mountain at night to lay landmines. After that, the militiamen went to the mountains to lay landmines every night, and the enemy was bombed every day, causing heavy casualties.

After being bombed many times, the Japanese and puppet troops summed up an experience: take small roads, not big roads; take water roads, not dry roads. This actually reduced the chances of the Japanese being bombed, but this experience soon became ineffective. The militiamen also planted landmines on the paths and waterways, but the Japanese were still bombed. There is a river in the south of Xiaotan Village, which is the only place where the Japanese and puppet troops from the village must pass to their stronghold in Xuefangzhuang, Laiyang. To avoid the mines, the enemy walked in the water. Xiaotan village soldiers Sun Zaoxun, Sun Yumin, Sun Chunxu and others made nine mines and quickly buried them in the river when the enemy was about to arrive.

The Japanese and puppet troops waded across the river and all nine mines exploded. In early June, for more than 300 days, the puppet troops in the Sunjiakuang stronghold went to Xingcun to transport supplies. When they arrived at the mouth of Dongjiqian Port of Zhaotuan Village, they fell into the "Long Snake Thunder Formation" deployed by Zhaotuan's militia. On the two-mile long road, mines With continuous roaring, the enemy dodged left and right, but failed to avoid the thunder array. More than 30 people were killed and wounded.

At noon one day in June, the Japanese and puppet troops concentrated a battalion of troops to attack Wenshanhou Village. While militia captain Yu Huahu sent people to report to nearby troops, he also directed the militiamen to use guns and cannons to lure the enemy into the minefield in Hetao. The explosion caused the enemy to cover their heads and turn around, turning to climb up the mountain in the southwest. Unexpectedly, they were ambushed in the minefield. The 16th Regiment, the main force of our army there, was sniping. The enemy had to push up to Yehu Mountain and was attacked by the county's independent battalion. They fled to the northeast and were beaten back by the Wenshan Xixiang militiamen who were ambushing there. When the enemy was squeezed into the Loop for the second time, mines were opened one after another. The Japanese and puppet troops killed and injured more than 70 people and captured more than 30 people.

During the 105 days when people in the Penzi Mountain area carried out anti-"mopping up" operations, the Haiyang militia and *** cooperated with the troops to lay more than 2,500 mines, killing and injuring more than 200 Japanese and puppet soldiers. In July, the Jiaodong Armed Forces Committee held a meeting to summarize experience in the fight against "mopping up" in Gaojia, Haiyang County. The conference summarized and promoted the experience of the "Five Tiger Village" in Haiyang County and the people's joint defense against the enemy in Penzi Mountain District. At the same time, 13 people including Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu, Sun Yumin, Yu Jinjiang, Zhao Tonglun, Ji Changsheng, Ji Zhongsheng, Chen Guixiang, Ji Yan, Ji Hongfu, Luan Hengyue, Sui Liangxuan and Leng Shizhu were awarded as Jiaodong Militia Heroes.

Haiyang mine warfare effectively supported the war of resistance in other areas of Jiaodong. The Haiyang militia not only showed their talents in Haiyang, but also organized expeditionary explosive teams many times under the orders of the superior armed committee to cooperate with local troops in surrounding counties. They trained a number of explosive experts for local militia and troops, which effectively supported the The Anti-Japanese War in related areas promoted the Anti-Japanese War in the entire Jiaodong region and made outstanding contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in Jiaodong region.

In the winter of 1943, more than 60 people, including Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu, Zhao Tonglun, and Luan Hengyue, formed a Jiaodong explosion team and headed to Laiyang. They laid mines outside Laiyang City. The Japanese and puppet troops were blocked and did not dare to move out. . In the same year, Luan Jinjie, director of the County Armed Forces Committee, and others gathered 50 militiamen in Zizhukuang Village, Xiaoji District, entered Laiyang Wuchidu at night, attacked Zhao Baoyuan's contact point, and captured 6 enemies. During the evacuation, mines were laid and all the enemies stepped on them. On May 6, 1945, various Japanese and puppet troops gathered in Laiyang City. Zhao Shoufu was ordered to lead an expeditionary explosive team to Laiyang City and the Dongxuan River area, laying 20 landmines and killing and wounding more than 20 enemies.

In October 1944, the Jiaodong Military Region dispatched five explosive team members, Yu Huahu, captain of the Wenshanhou villagers and explosion king, to the Yanwei line to carry out mine warfare, which lasted more than four months. They taught more than 1,000 militiamen how to lay mines in Huang County (today's Longkou City) and Penglai area. Once, Yu Huahu and others planted more than 20 mines near Penglai City, killing and wounding 28 Japanese and puppet soldiers. In January 1945, the Jiaodong District Armed Forces Committee sent Yu Fengming to lead a four-man explosion team and went to Penglai to perform the mission. In more than ten days, Yu Fengming and others taught more than 600 troops and militiamen to learn explosive techniques, and laid mines to blockade the Daxindian stronghold, killing and wounding more than 40 enemies. They were commended by the Jiaodong Armed Forces Committee.

In early May 1945, Zhao Tonglun was appointed by the Jiaodong Military Region to lead Zhao Bingkun and other five explosive team members to Lancun along the Jiaodong Railway, carrying the banner of the "Jiaodong Expeditionary Explosion Team" awarded by the Jiaodong Military Region. area, cooperate with the Xihai Independent Regiment in operations, and teach explosive techniques to army cadres and soldiers. Together with the troops, he experimented with using landmines and explosives to blast the enemy's railway three times, destroying more than 50 meters of the railway, causing long-term interruption of the enemy's railway transportation.

The Haiyang militia has won many honors due to its outstanding work, especially its brilliant results in landmine warfare. In the winter of 1943, the Political Department of the Shandong Military Region awarded Haiyang the honorable title of "Model County for Militia Work". In June 1945, the Jiaodong District Armed Forces Committee awarded Haiyang County the honorable title of "Combat Model County".