When is the Daqing oil battle?

At the end of 1950s, oil was discovered in Songliao Plain in northeast China, and its area and reserves are still unknown. The state organized an oil war, concentrated its forces on annihilation, and adopted the "trilateral" policy of exploration, development and construction, which sounded the horn of oil defense in this ancient black land.

Daqing petroleum battle started in difficult times, areas and conditions, and won in overcoming various difficulties. Under the historical conditions at that time, the western capitalist countries imposed an economic blockade on China, and the Soviet Union withdrew its experts and tore up the contract. Obviously, it is impossible to rely on foreign aid. At that time, due to the mistakes in the implementation of the "Great Leap Forward" economic policy and natural disasters for three consecutive years, the national economy was in trouble and could not come up with enough funds to develop the anniversary oilfield. Moreover, Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast, which is cold in winter and swampy in summer, which makes food and shelter a problem and the natural environment is harsh. To this end, the Ministry of Petroleum Industry decided to concentrate its superior forces and organize an oil battle in the form of "annihilation war". This major move was immediately approved and supported by the CPC Central Committee. 1960 On February 20th, the central government approved the report of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry on oil exploration in the northeast of Songliao region and the deployment of future work. On February 22nd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a decision to "mobilize 30,000 veterans from that year and hand them over to the Ministry of Petroleum Industry to participate in the development of new oil fields in Daqing area". Soon, the Central Military Commission decided to assign 3,000 demobilized officers to Daqing. 1in March, 960, more than 1000 oil workers from old oil fields such as Xinjiang, Yumen, Sichuan and Qinghai, and more than 30,000 demobilized officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army and college students gathered in Daqing from all directions of the motherland. Cadres and workers from various departments in the State Council and Heilongjiang Province who supported the oil battle also arrived in Daqing area one after another, which opened a magnificent chapter of the oil battle in Daqing.

At the beginning of the battle, teams from all over the country arrived in designated areas one after another and set up their own tents, which were zigzag, courtyard-style and overlapping. They camped on this grassland and threw themselves into the torrent of war. Where is the road? The vast prairie is endless and sparsely populated, and there is almost no ready-made way to go. Due to the coming and going of fighters and vehicles, criss-crossing paths and roads have gradually formed, and new traffic lines have outlined the grassland.

At the beginning of the Daqing oil battle, we met with contradictions and difficulties in production and poor living conditions. In the face of these contradictions and difficulties, should we rise to the challenge or go ahead in fear? On April 29th, the swearing-in meeting of 10,000 people for Daqing Petroleum Battle was held in Sarthou Grassland (Figure 2.6). On behalf of more than 50,000 employees in the oil battle, Wang Jinxi, the "Iron Man", shouted the steel oath of "I would rather live 20 years less and win a big oil field even if I fight for my life". An arduous history of Daqing's entrepreneurship began to be written from this day. Workers in the oil war stand in knee-deep rain in summer and insist on producing in oil fields at MINUS 30 degrees Celsius in winter. How important water is in the battle. There are no ready-made wells, and most of them are digging wells on the spot or taking water from nearby blisters. Although the water quality is not good, it still solves the urgent need. When drilling a well, water is taken from adjacent blisters. Sometimes people form a snake formation and use washbasins and buckets to transfer water from the water source to the well site to ensure the water for drilling.

Fig. 2.6 The swearing-in meeting of 10,000 people for Daqing Petroleum Battle was held in April 1960.

Equipment, materials and equipment shipped from all over the country have to be distributed at Salto Station, which makes this tiny place with only three turnouts at the last stop overwhelmed. Outside the station, almost all the places that can be unloaded are full of materials and equipment. In order to reduce the pressure on the station, people are on duty day and night, and trucks are unloaded when they arrive at the station, and the unloading location is extended from Salto Station to Ranghulu Station, Longfeng Station and Anda Station. At the same time, it also organizes people to adopt the tactics of ants moving, and all the goods that people can afford and move are done by several people or even dozens of people by manpower. These heavy machinery and equipment are hoisted and transported by several cranes and trucks to minimize the backlog time at the station. In combat, there is no rest day or working day. Work at sunrise and rest at sunset. In the evening, there will be a class meeting for nearly 2 hours, summarizing the work of one day and arranging the work of the next day. In the days and nights of fighting, the cold and heat never stopped the pace of fighting. Fighting for oil and contributing to the country, though bitter and glorious, is the voice of the combat team.

"Long live Ganji!" At a meeting of ten thousand people, Kang, vice minister of petroleum industry, shouted this forceful and passionate slogan. It is also thousands of dry-paved houses that let the fighting workers' families spend their first severe winter on this vast prairie without freezing anyone or equipment. When dry paving construction reaches its climax, it is also rainy season. Fighting broke out in some houses, and a heavy rain instantly turned them into a pool of soil. After the heavy rain, clean up the scene and continue fighting. In this way, the battle collapsed, collapsed. After months of hard work, a number of dry shops have sprung up in the war zone, adding a lot of color to the grassland and solving the worries for the oil battle. In the extremely difficult living conditions, "the house is used as a bed and cotton-padded clothes are used as a wall to ensure five or two meals and fight for the country." Through large-scale oil field exploration, a super-large oil field with an area of more than 860 square kilometers and a reserve of 2.26 billion tons was quickly discovered, which broke the view that continental deposits were poor in oil. Compared with similar foreign oilfields, it took nine years for the United States to win the East Texas Oilfield, three years for the Soviet Union to win the Romanjinshi Oilfield, and only 13 months for Daqing Oilfield to find out the oil storage area of Daqing placanticline from the first blowout oil to 1960, which can be described as "high speed and high level".

According to the principle of "exploration, development and construction at the same time", oilfield development tests are carried out at the same time of comprehensive exploration. The scale of oil field is expanding, and the output of crude oil is rising. On June 1960, 1 the first batch of crude oil was shipped out of Daqing Oilfield. By the end of 1960, 970,000 tons of crude oil had been produced, which eased the situation of national oil shortage and solved the difficulty of insufficient campaign funds. By the end of 1963, the annual production capacity of crude oil reached 5 million tons, producing 4.393 million tons of crude oil, accounting for 67.8% of the total national crude oil output, which laid a solid foundation for China's oil self-sufficiency. Premier Zhou Enlai solemnly declared to the world at the fourth session of the Second National People's Congress: Because of the discovery and completion of Daqing Oilfield, China's oil demand has been basically self-sufficient, and the era when China people relied on "foreign oil" will soon be gone forever! The discovery of Daqing Oilfield broke the statement that China is an oil-poor country. Daqing Petroleum Battle has made great contributions to changing the face of China petroleum industry.

The magnificent Daqing oil battle has written a brilliant chapter in the history of China's oil industry development, and it is still profoundly affecting the development of China's oil industry. Its historical achievements can't be overestimated, and it is summarized as three historical contributions.

First of all, Daqing Battle created great economic value and strongly supported China's national economy to survive the severe economic difficulties in the late 1950s and early 1960s. At that time, the country was forced to interrupt the "Second Five-Year Plan" and implement economic adjustment. A large number of factories and projects "dismounted", and the people of the whole country tightened their belts to live a tight life. At this time, the Soviet authorities tore up the contract and withdrew the experts, and the oil products imported from the Soviet Union fell sharply. The supply of refined oil in China is tight, and air bags are carried on the backs of city buses, which seriously affects the military duty and training, and the national security is threatened as never before. At this time, it took only one year and three months to prove the petroleum geological reserves of 2.26 billion tons. In three and a half years, the crude oil production capacity was 6 million tons/year, the oil refining capacity was 6.5438+0 million tons/year, the crude oil was produced1/kloc-0.662 million tons, and the profit and depreciation were paid 65.438+0.07 billion yuan, which was realized. This has effectively supported the country to tide over serious difficulties, withstood the pressure of anti-China forces, greatly enhanced the ambition of the people of China, and strengthened the determination and confidence of the people of the whole country to build socialism independently.

Secondly, the battle mode of concentrating on annihilation initiated by Daqing Petroleum Battle was an exploration of China's industrialization road under the economic system at that time. Daqing petroleum battle gave full play to the advantages of the socialist system to concentrate on doing great things and promoted the rapid development of China's petroleum industry.

Thirdly, the Daqing spirit of "patriotism, pioneering, truth-seeking and dedication", the iron man spirit and the fine style of "three old four strict" and "four unifications" formed in the Daqing oil battle have inspired and nurtured generations of oil people and become a powerful spiritual force for the development of China's oil industry. Wang Jinxi, the "Iron Man", has become a model for a generation of oil people, and Daqing spirit has become an unchanging value of a generation of oil people. Oil workers carry forward the Daqing spirit of "patriotism, pioneering, truth-seeking and dedication" and overcome difficulties. The stronger the Vietnam War, they won one victory after another.