Chen Huagui's main experience

Chen Huagui (1914.14-2002.119), academician of China Academy of Sciences, microbiologist. Born in Beijing, native of Kunshan, Jiangsu. He used to be a professor at Peking University Agricultural College, head of the department of soil, head of agricultural chemistry at Wuhan University Agricultural College, professor at Huazhong Agricultural University, head of the department of soil and agricultural chemistry, researcher at Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, and the first and second presidents of China Soil and Fertilizer Research Association.

1935 graduated from biology department of Peking University. 1939 received a doctorate in philosophy from University of London, UK. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Chen Huagui made a pioneering study on microbial flora and nutrient biological cycle in double cropping rice fields. It was revealed for the first time that rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus was an independent interconnected race, which played a pioneering role in the production and large-scale popularization and application of rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus.

Chinese name: Chen Huagui.

Nationality: China.

Place of birth: Beijing

Date of birth:1914.1.14.

Date of death: 2002.11.19.

Occupation: Education and scientific research worker.

Graduate school: University of London, UK

Main achievements: 1980 was elected as a member (academician) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Representative work: Start the development of rhizobia agent.

outline

Chen Huagui (1914.14-2002.119) is a microbiologist. 1935 graduated from biology department of Peking University. 1939 received a doctorate in philosophy from University of London, UK. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

The biological cycle of nutrient elements in rice field was studied. It was found that there were anaerobic nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in rice field, which denied the traditional view that nitrifying microorganisms and nitrification were absolutely aerobic. The theory of stratification of paddy soil and transformation and loss of inorganic nitrogen in paddy soil put forward by Japanese scholars in 1950s has been developed and revised. In the study of nitrogen fixation by rhizobia, it was found that rhizobia of Chinese milk vetch and nitrogen fixation by Chinese milk vetch were an independent "interconnected race", which not only enriched the basic theory of nitrogen fixation between rhizobia and host plants, but also had important practical significance for the production and application of rhizobia agents. Studies have proved that highly differentiated rhizobia can't reproduce on the culture medium, and only undifferentiated rhizobia and Bacillus can maintain their reproductive ability. This achievement won the first prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Agriculture 1986. Actively put forward the development of rhizobia agent, which provided scientific basis and application technology for expanding the planting of Chinese milk vetch green manure in the Yangtze River basin and the double-cropping rice planting area south of the Yangtze River.

Character life

1914 65438+1October 1 1, Chen Huagui was born in Beijing, entered primary school at the age of 6, and finished six years of primary school and four years of secondary school in eight years.

1928, admitted to Peking University Preparatory School.

1935, graduated from biology department of Peking University, and stayed in the school to teach for one year. When I was in Peking University, I studied botany and plant morphogenesis under Professor Zhang Jingyue.

In July, under the recommendation of Zhang Jingyue, I went to the College of Bacteriology and Tropical Diseases, University of London, UK to study 1 year. Later, he studied for a Ph.D. at the University of London, and studied the nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants-rhizobia under the guidance of Dr. Thornton from the Bacteriology Laboratory of the famous Lausanne Experimental Station in Britain.

1939 10 month, received a doctorate in philosophy, at the age of 25. During this period, he independently published and led four research reports, two of which were published in the Journal of the Royal Society. He made a comparative study on the growth and development of ineffective (inefficient) rhizobia strains and effective (efficient) rhizobia strains that nodulate on the host.

From June 65438 to June 0940, Chen Huagui returned to China to study sugar degradation in Tsinghua University Agricultural Research Institute, which was chaired by Professor Tang Peisong of Southwest Associated University.

194 1 At the beginning of the year, I went to work in the Soil Department chaired by Professor Zhang Naifeng of the Central Agricultural Laboratory.

1946, the central agricultural laboratory also moved back to Nanjing because of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Chen Huagui was invited by Peking University Agricultural College as a professor, founded the first soil department in China and served as the department head, and recruited the first batch of undergraduate students in soil science in China.

From 65438 to 0948, Wuhan University established the Department of Agricultural Chemistry.

After 1949, Chen Huagui continued to be a professor at the Agricultural College of Wuhan University and the head of the Department of Agrochemistry.

1952 After the adjustment of the faculty, he was hired as a professor at Huazhong Agricultural College, and the Department of Soil and Agricultural Chemistry was established as the head of the department.

The 6th International Congress on Soil Science (Paris) discussed the microbiological characteristics of paddy soil from 65438 to 0956.

During the period of 1957, the academic report "Biological Cycle of Plant Nutrient Elements in Paddy Soil" was made at the Sino-Soviet Rice Science Conference (Wuhan), which comprehensively summarized the biological cycle of plant nutrient elements in rice.

Soil Microbiology published by 1957 is the first monograph in this field in China.

1964, attended the 8th international congress on soil science.

1978 biological nitrogen fixation laboratory was established and served as its director. In the same year, he led a delegation to Australia to inspect biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education.

1980, led a delegation to visit biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education in the United States. In the same year, he was elected as a member of the Biology Department of China Academy of Sciences.

1982, led a delegation to Britain to inspect biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education.

199 1 year, Chen Huagui, director of the Academic Committee of the Key Open Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture.

After 1996, Chen Huagui was frequently hospitalized due to senile aplastic anemia in his later years, and his young colleagues and students took turns to accompany and take care of him.

He died on June 65438+10/October 65438 +09, 2002.

Major achievements

achievements in scientific research

In view of the importance of rice production in China and the particularity of paddy soil fertility, Chen Huagui took the lead in studying the seasonal changes of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in paddy soil during summer and winter drought, which opened up a new field of biological cycle of nutrient elements in paddy soil in China. Another outstanding contribution of Chen Huagui to the study of paddy soil microorganisms is that there are anaerobic nitrifying microorganisms used for nitrosation in paddy soil. It is the first in China to study the biological cycle of nutrient elements in rice fields. Anaerobic nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms were found in rice fields, which denied the traditional view that nitrifying microorganisms and nitrification were absolutely aerobic.

In the early 1930s, Chen Huagui first discovered that the elongation and bending of crop root hairs before being infected by rhizobia were related to the secretion of auxin by rhizobia. In the late 1930s, he began to study soil microbiology suitable for China's national conditions, and made important contributions to nitrogen fixation and the relationship between paddy soil microorganisms and fertility. In 1950s, the research group headed by him continued to study the relationship between rhizobia of Chinese milk vetch from many aspects. In the early 1960s, excellent strains of rhizobia isolated from Astragalus sinicus were directly involved in the construction of bacterial fertilizer plants, the production of rhizobia from Astragalus sinicus and the experiment, demonstration and popularization of large-scale application, which provided an important technical means for expanding the planting area of green manure from Astragalus sinicus and developing double-cropping rice in southern China. In the late 1970s, he led his colleagues to open up a new field of nitrogen fixation research, cultivate and guide new forces, and carried out molecular genetics research on nitrogen fixation. In 1980s, it was proved that highly differentiated rhizobia could not reproduce on the culture medium, and only undifferentiated rhizobia and Bacillus could maintain their reproductive ability. Actively put forward the development of rhizobia agent, which provided scientific basis and application technology for expanding the planting of Chinese milk vetch green manure in the Yangtze River basin and the double-cropping rice planting area south of the Yangtze River.

From June 1939 to June 10, the comparative study on the growth and development of rhizobia strains and effective (efficient) rhizobia strains nodulating on the host has been highly valued by experts engaged in nitrogen fixation research. At the same time, he also used the favorable conditions of Lausanne experimental station to teach himself pedology and soil plant nutrition, which laid a broad foundation for the relevant theories of soil microbiology.

1:ChenHK，ThorntonHG。 Structure of "ineffective" nodules and its effect on nitrogen fixation. Roy . SOC . b . 1940（ 129）:208-229。

2:ChenHK，HughNicol，ThorntonHG。 growthofnodulebacteriaintheexpressedjuice from legumerootsbearingef-fectivandeffectivenedules。 Roy . SOC . b . 1940（ 129）:475-49 1。

3:ChenHK。 Different strains produce a limited number of leguminous plants.

4: Chen Heke, Shu Ke. Soil Science, 1944:29 1-293.

5. Michael Chen, Xiao. The field of organic synthesis science. National Science Quarterly of Wuhan University,1948,9 (1): 79-88.

6. Chen Huagui. Rhizobia of grass seed and green manure and artificial inoculation. New Science, 1952(3):33-38.

7. Chen Huagui, Zhuang, He Dianyuan, et al. Effect of sulfur on rice yield in "paddy field". Acta Sinica,1952,2 (1): 34-46.

8. Chen Huagui. Report and discussion on rice field soaking test. Acta Sinica,1952,2 (1): 46-54.

9. Chen Huagui. Effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant soil nutrition. Central China Agricultural Sciences,1955 (1):1-4.

10: Chen Huagui. Development of paddy field characteristics and green manure farming system in paddy field. Acta Sinica,1955,3 (2): 97-112.

1 1: Chen Huagui. Dominant microbial species in paddy soil. Papers of the 6th International Conference on Soil Science (Paris, 1956). Acta Sinica, 1957, 1( 1): 1956.

Chen Huagui. Soil microbiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press 1957.

13: Chen Huagui (editor). Microbiology (first edition). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1959: Second Edition. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1962.

14: Chen Huagui. Biological cycle of plant nutrients in paddy soil. Selected papers on rice science. Beijing: Agricultural Press1959:167-182.

15: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Study on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: I. Nitrification in paddy soil. Acta Sinica, 196 1, 9( 1):56-64.

16: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Influence of agricultural technical measures on microbial life activities in paddy soil and its production significance: I. Effect of baking field on the change of soil microbial flora. Acta Sinica, 196 1, 9(3-4): 133- 139.

17: Chen Huagui. Fertilization. Essays on Agricultural Soils in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1962,275-296.

18: Chen Huagui (editor in chief). Microbiology experiment instruction. Beijing: Agricultural Press 1962.

19: Chen Huagui (editor). Soil Science (Volume II). Beijing Agricultural Publishing House, 1962.

20. Chen Huagui. Agricultural production and agricultural science. Red flag,1963 (7-8):10-18.

2 1: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Study on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: Ⅱ. Propagation and nitrification intensity of nutrient-enhanced nitrifying bacteria in paddy soil under culture conditions. Abstract of the annual academic meeting of China Soil Society, Nanjing: China Soil Society, 1963.

22. Chen He on Monday. Facultative aerobic biotechnology and organic matter formed by nitrite: paper Ⅲ of the 8th International Conference on Soil Science (Bucharest). Soil biology 1964: 76 1-768.

23. Chen Huagui. Soil microbial activity and the source, accumulation and mineralization of soil organic phosphorus-main research achievements and problems. Special Report on Microbiology, Beijing: Science Press, 1964: 2 19-234.

24. Chen Huagui. Do a good job in the scientific and technological work of developing rhizobia fertilizer. People's Daily 1964 May 19.

25. Chen Huagui. Microbial aspects of soil microbial activities. Summary of Special Reports and Research Reports of China Soil Society and chinese society for microbiology 1964 Specialized Conference on Soil Microbes,1964:1-19.

26. Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Study on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: Ⅲ. Isolation of pure culture of nitrite bacteria. Summary of Special Reports and Research Reports of China Soil Society and chinese society for microbiology 1964 Conference on Soil Microbiology, 1964: Research 45-46.

27. Chen Huagui and Fan Qingsheng (ed. ). Microbiology (Third Edition). Beijing: Agricultural Press 1979. Fourth Edition, Beijing: Agricultural Press 1989.

28-year-old: Monday, China. Activity of Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria in Soil

First Prize of Science and Technology Progress Award of Ministry of Agriculture (Award-winning)

personnel training

Since 1953 when Chen Huagui first recruited graduate students, it has trained more than 20 graduate students in the early 1990s. Many students he trained have become famous professors, senior agronomists and senior leading cadres in the fields of soil science, agricultural chemistry and soil microbiology in China. Among the students are academicians of China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering, Fan, Liu Gengling, Deng, and well-known domestic professors Li Xueyuan, Hu, Li Fudi, qi zhou, Wang Yunhua, Zhou Chu Jun and Yu Ziniu. Zhang Shixian, Wang Jialing, Guo Qingyuan, Fan Yekuan.

social service

Chen Huagui was elected as the member of the Second National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology, the executive director, vice president and consultant of China Agricultural Society, the first and second directors of Soil and Fertilizer Research Association of China Agricultural Society, the executive director, vice chairman and consultant of chinese society for microbiology, the director of China Soil Society, and the chairman and honorary chairman of Hubei Soil Society. He has served as the first member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, member of Science and Technology Committee of Ministry of Agriculture, member of Academic Committee of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and part-time researcher and deputy director of Wuhan Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences (later renamed Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Member of the Academic Committee of Nanjing Soil Research Institute. He was elected as a deputy to the Third, Fourth and Sixth National People's Congress.

From 65438 to 0980, he participated in the agricultural education investigation delegation of the Ministry of Agriculture to the United States and served as the deputy head.

198 1- 1985, head of the research group on major issues of nitrogen fixation biology in the Sixth Five-Year Plan of the State Science and Technology Commission.

1982- 1990, served as the first and second chairman of China Soil and Fertilizer Research Association.

1982, the Ministry of Agriculture led a delegation to Britain for academic exchange of microbiology.

Personality assessment

Mr. Wang's life is a life of innovation and dedication to science; This is a life of knowing and doing in one, teaching people to fish; It is a fruitful and learned life with peaches and plums all over the world. (Zhou Chengzao, Standing Committee Member and Vice President of Huazhong Agricultural University)

Mr. Wang's model, academic spirit and master style have deeply influenced several generations of scholars. Although this grandmaster of agricultural higher education has been gone for 12 years, he has lit up the bright life of students with ordinary and bright life, and released great love, truth, goodness and beauty in a way passed down from generation to generation. (Comment by Academician Deng Xinzi)

Chen Huagui is a pioneer in soil microbial research in China, and his disciples are all over China. Your merits and deeds are endless, and you shine brightly. [Comment by Academician Chen Wenxin]

Commemorate future generations

On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the unveiling ceremony of Mr. Chen Huagui's bronze statue was held in front of the School of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University.

201April 17, China Agricultural University held a series of academic activities to solemnly commemorate the birth/0/00th anniversary of Academician Chen Huagui.