What position does Peng Pai hold in the Party?

( 1896- 1929)

Guangdong Haifeng people. China is a famous proletarian revolutionary and one of the leaders of the early peasant movement. 192 1 after returning from studying in Japan, he betrayed the landlord class family, destroyed the family, joined the revolution and founded the peasant association. 1924, joined the China * * * production party. In the same year, Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop was established. Participated in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising and served as a member of the former enemy committee of China. Later, Haifeng led the peasant armed uprising and established Hailufeng's regime of workers and peasants. He was elected as a member of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee and an alternate member of the Sixth Political Bureau in the Fifth and Sixth Central Committees. 1928 served as secretary of the Central Agriculture Committee, member of the Central Military Commission and secretary of the Jiangsu Military Commission in Shanghai.

(Longhua Cemetery Area 2 1- 10)

Detailed introduction:

Peng Pai is a proletarian revolutionist, an outstanding leader of the early peasant movement of the China * * * Production Party, and a famous organizer and leader of the peasant uprising in Hailufeng, Guangdong. He has served as secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Dongjiang Special Committee, member of the Fifth Central Committee, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Provisional Political Bureau, member of the Sixth Central Committee, alternate member of the Political Bureau, secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Agriculture Committee, member of the Standing Committee of the CPC jiangsu provincial party committee, and secretary of the Provincial Military Commission.

I. During my study at home and abroad

Peng Pai, whose real name is Tian Quan, whose scientific name is Peng Hanyu, alias Meng An and Wang Zian. 1896 65438+122 was born in an industrial and commercial landlord family in Dongshe, a suburb of Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. Zhou Feng, the biological mother, was in a trance. After arriving at the Peng family, I still took part in housework and had the quality of working people. Her thoughts and morals have a great influence on Peng Pai. Peng Pai's childhood and adolescence were spent in an era when China's national peril was deepening and the bourgeois-democratic revolution was surging. The bourgeois democratic revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen launched armed uprisings aimed at overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing government many times in Guangdong. Newspapers published by revolutionaries in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, as well as some revolutionary books and periodicals, were introduced into Haifeng and widely circulated among educated youth. In particular, the Xinhai Revolution of 19 1 1 caused great repercussions. At that time, Peng Pai was studying in Haifeng No.1 High School. Lin Jinting, a teacher and league member, often publicizes the political views of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary spiritual alliance to students. Inspired by the bourgeois democratic revolution, Peng Pai often talks about current affairs with his classmates and pursues democratic progress. Peng Pai 19 13 entered Haifeng County Middle School. With the support of Lin Jinting, he and progressive students such as Chen Fu and Chen Kuiya initiated and organized a "group meeting" aimed at publicizing revolutionary theory and caring about current affairs, and gradually formed an atmosphere of pursuing progress, learning new knowledge and exploring truth among young students. The League Promotion Committee has also become the core of uniting young students. 1965438+On May 7, 2006, Peng Pai led members of the Progressive Party to launch Haifeng young students to hold an anti-Japanese patriotic rally and parade to commemorate the National Shame Day.

Peng Pai left Haifeng in the spring of 19 17 and went to Guangzhou Guangfu Middle School to seek new knowledge and explore ways to change the current situation of the country. But Guangfu Middle School couldn't satisfy his thirst for knowledge. At that time, it had become a common phenomenon for progressive young people in China to study abroad. Japan and China face each other across the sea, and there are many students studying in Japan. Under the influence of this trend, Peng Pai also crossed to Japan in the summer of 19 17. After I arrived in Japan, I went to Chengcheng School to study Japanese, and met students studying in Japan such as Huang and Yang Sizhen. At that time, Peng Pai saw Yang Sizhen reading the Bible. Out of curiosity, he yearned for freedom, equality and fraternity advocated by Christianity, so he began to study the Bible. Not long after, he found that what the Bible said could not bless all sentient beings in the world. However, in real life, some so-called devout believers pray every day and repent every day, but they still do evil things that are completely unethical. How can there be a shadow of equality and friendship? Peng Pai was disappointed with the Bible. 19 17 In September, Peng Pai was admitted to the Department of Political Economy of Waseda University in Tokyo and moved into Songyeguan Apartment to live with Li Chuntao, Lin and Yang Sizhen. This is Peng Pai and Li Chuntao. Several other students are reading books such as Mutual Aid and Bread Skimming by the anarchist Klupotkin, so Peng Pai is immersed in the works of the anarchist. Besides, I have read a lot of books about Japanese history, especially the Meiji Restoration, and I am interested in what is the secret of Japan becoming a prominent and prosperous power after the Meiji Restoration, and what is the panacea for their reform, which has prompted him to forget all about eating and sleeping and eagerly explore and study.

The victory of the October Revolution in Russia shocked the whole world and had a great influence on Japan. One day, Oyoma Ikuo, a professor of philosophy at Waseda University, gave a speech about the October Revolution in Russia. Peng Pai was fascinated by Professor Dashan's speech. After listening to the speech, he said to Yang Sizhen, "This is the best speech I have ever heard. What bible, what mutual aid theory, all squeezed out of my mind. While listening, I thought that Sun Yat-sen led the Revolution of 1911, overthrew the Qing government and established the Republic of China, but the regime fell into the hands of Beiyang warlords. Why? It seems that we must learn from the Russian way and take the Russian road. " Then he said humorously, "I want to follow Jesus to find the truth, but there is no fate, but it keeps me up with Lenin." Peng Pai discovered the truth and eagerly studied the classic works of Marxism-Leninism from then on.

With the deepening of Japanese imperialism's invasion of China, Peng School's anti-Japanese patriotic thoughts are rising day by day, and it actively participates in the anti-imperialist and national salvation activities of Japanese students studying in China. In order to further control China and resist the armed aggression of Soviet Russia, Japanese imperialism signed the Sino-Japanese Military Agreement with China Beiyang Warlord Government on May 19 16, 2008. This agreement is another traitorous treaty of the Beiyang warlord government after the "Article 21". When China students studying in Japan got the news, they rose up and launched a campaign to understand the Covenant. Peng Pai is one of the organizers and leaders of this movement. He ran around, organized rallies, distributed leaflets, and gave speeches on stage, denouncing Japanese imperialism's crime of invading China and betraying the country and the Beiyang warlord government. In order to more effectively oppose the secret agreement between China and Japan, students studying in Japan formed a "national salvation group". In late May, they secretly gathered at the China Hotel in Kanda District, Tokyo, to discuss ways to save the national disaster. Suddenly, they were attacked by Japanese police, and many students were injured. Japanese students studying in China couldn't bear it any longer and decided to go on strike and go back to China to protest. Peng Pai led his team back to Shanghai and set up the Salvation Army headquarters in Shanghai. He was ill, and published a letter to his compatriots from overseas students in the National Salvation Daily. Soon after, Peng Pai returned to Guangzhou, set up the Guangzhou branch of the Salvation Corps with the students studying in Japan in Guangdong, and published the Declaration of the Federation of Students Studying in Japan in Guangdong. The manifesto reads:

"alas! China is a vast country with a large population in China. Does it mean that the enemy slaughtered and enslaved? The revenge of Article 21 is still there, and the voice of military secret agreement is resurgent. We are trying to be violent, we are using the European war, and we are constantly fighting among ourselves. It is almost impossible to sweep across the territory of our country and surpass it ... catastrophe is imminent, justice is in sight, power is sweet, and it is not worthy of attention. Why don't you return to China within ten days, but run around and shout, willing to sacrifice your life to save the country. "

The patriotic actions of students studying in Japan have won the sympathy and support of the people all over the country. However, the Beijing government has forced students studying in Japan to return to school. In order not to delay their studies, Peng Pai and others had to go to Japan to study.

On May 4th, 2009, an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement broke out in Beijing. When the news spread to Japan, the patriotic enthusiasm of Japanese students studying in Japan became even higher. They decided to hold a rally and March and send declarations to embassies in Japan. When the procession gathered in a park, it was brutally suppressed by Japanese military and police, and Peng Pai was also injured. Through this incident, Peng Pai realized that the medicinal liquor country must arouse people and inspire compatriots, so he bit his finger angrily, wrote the four characters "Don't forget the national humiliation" on a piece of white silk, sent it to Haifeng Student Union, and renamed Peng Hanyu as Peng Pai, in order to show his devotion to the surging revolution and save the nation from peril.

1965438+In September 2009, some radical youths of Waseda University established the "Builders Alliance". "This is a mass organization that studies various theories of socialist schools. Most of their members come from rural areas and have close ties with farmers, so they attach great importance to the study of farmers' problems. Some of their views were accepted by Peng Pai, and soon Peng Pai joined the organization.

Second, the initial attempt to reform society.

1921May, Peng Pai returned to China after graduating from Waseda University, and soon joined the China Socialist Youth League. I returned to my hometown Haifeng on May 23rd. Its return was welcomed by a group of progressive young people. In order to unite and educate these progressive youths, * * * studied Marxism-Leninism and discussed the China Revolution. He and Zheng Zhiyun, Su Lin, Chen Kuiya and other organizations established the "Socialist Research Society". Peng Pai made a special speech at the Institute, for example, Russia, the first socialist country in the world, won the October Revolution, Das Kapital, and Li Dazhao won Bolshevism. The activities of the Socialist Research Association have attracted many Haifeng intellectuals, and its organization has been expanding. In order to publicize and educate the workers and peasants, in July of the same year, Peng Pai initiated and organized the "Workers' Compassion Society" and wrote "The Origin of Workers' Compassion Society", criticizing the education system at that time for serving aristocrats, bureaucrats and capitalists, and proposing to end the current situation of separating education from the poor and give the poor the opportunity to receive education. He also said, "No matter what we can do, we must work together with workers, help each other and exchange knowledge. Only in this way can education be close to the poor, and there is hope for innovation in ordinary society." On September 1 day, Peng Pai published the article "Tell Compatriots" in the inaugural issue of Xin Haifeng. This article strongly criticizes the private property system as the most unreasonable social system of mankind. He wrote: "Today, among the proletariat, there are all those who feel that life is difficult without economic oppression, and there are also those who work hard all day without food. And the living expenses are hard to support, such as selling wives and children and abortion. Even people who give up their right to life commit suicide. There are worse things on earth than this! Tracing back to the source and returning to the cause are all bad pages of the capitalist social system. If so, the destruction of the private property system is even more urgent. " The article ends with an appeal: "Gentlemen, where there is a will, there is a way. Since we acknowledge all kinds of evils and defects in the present society and have the determination to carry out social revolution, we should wake up quickly, learn from each other, unite with each other, contact each other and help each other. ..... let's hurry, let's hurry, let's hurry and bring the new society to our eyes. " ○2 The Socialist Research Association and the workers' sympathy for these two organizations have played a positive role in spreading socialism and new culture among Haifeng youth and workers and peasants. Some of its members later became Peng Pai's last assistants and comrades in the peasant movement.

In June 65438+in the same year 10, Peng Pai became the director of Haifeng County Persuasion Institute (later renamed Education Bureau). After Peng Pai took office, he immediately eliminated those stubborn and conservative people and hired Li Chuntao and Yang Sizhen as Haifeng primary and secondary school teachers. Abolish stereotyped writing and reform teaching content; Implement universal education and establish rural branch schools; Carry out cultural and sports activities; Improve the treatment of teachers. He personally went to his alma mater, Haifeng No.1 Middle School, to give lectures, telling students about the evil of landlords exploiting and oppressing farmers, and guiding students to care about social problems in rural areas. The local landlords were terrified of Peng Pai's practices and complained bitterly. They slandered Peng Pai for promoting Chihua, and wanted to implement "* * * property, * * * wife" and do everything possible to drive Peng Pai away. In May of the following year, Peng Pai was removed from the post of Director of Education. Lu 'an Daily, a local newspaper in Haifeng, also published Misunderstandings of Education and Publicity, criticizing Peng Pai for advocating socialism as "grandiose", "too new" and "too far away from our lives". In order to refute these attacks, further promote socialism and arouse workers and peasants, Peng Pai and Li Chuntao set up their own block-printed publication Red Heart Weekly in his residence. I want to publicize young students through this publication and ask them to mobilize and organize workers and peasants to carry out social revolution. Although Peng founded Red Heart Weekly with great enthusiasm, its influence was limited to some students, and illiterate workers and peasants did not get any enlightenment from it. So "Red Heart Weekly" was closed after it was published for six issues.

Third, join in the peasant movement.

Peng Pai's attempt to transform society through education failed, and he began to realize that to arouse the workers and peasants, he had to go to them personally, especially to do practical things. From June 1922, he first went to a village in Chishan, Haifeng, and wanted to chat with some farmers. However, when farmers saw Peng Pai, they thought that he had come to collect rent, or that the government had sent him to collect donations, so they all stayed away from him. Describing his first visit to farmers, Peng Pai wrote: "On the one hand, what I said to farmers is too elegant ... Secondly, my appearance, body and clothes are different from those farmers. Farmers are used to being oppressed and deceived by people with different appearances and clothes. I was suspected to be his enemy at first sight. The two represent different classes and are out of place. They always don't like being close to me. " 3 In order to close the distance with farmers, Peng Pai changed into coarse cloth and wore a hat like a farmer, barefoot in front of Longshan Temple at the foot of Chishan Mountain. This is the main road of Chishan, Beiwa, Chian and Hekou, and there are many farmers coming and going. He turned on the phonograph to play songs and performed some magic tricks to attract the audience. He took the opportunity to tell the peasants the truth of the landlord's exploitation and oppression, and suggested that the peasants unite and organize peasant associations to fight against the landlords and gentry. At first, only a few people listened to his speech, but later the audience grew more and more. But the farmers are still skeptical about his words. At this time, Peng Pai burned the title deed of the field left by his grandfather in public. After a period of publicity, he gradually gained the trust of farmers. Finally, he made friends with several young farmers, such as Zhang Ma 'an, Lin Pei, Lin Huan, Li Laosi and Li Sixian. They met and talked in the interesting study room of the surging mansion. On the evening of July 29, the six of them had a very speculative talk in Dequ's study, and immediately decided to set up a "six-member peasant association". After the establishment of the peasant association, they went separately to find farmers in series to expand the organization of the peasant association. After more than a month's efforts, the number of members has increased to more than 30. Farmers' associations stipulate that landlords are not allowed to increase or change rents, and lead farmers to abolish dunjuan and dung boat donations. Farmers' pharmacies have also been established, allowing members of the farmers' associations to see a doctor free of charge, charging only half of the medicine fee, and other measures to protect the interests of the farmers' associations. Due to the realistic status of the peasant association, members are seeking benefits, and more and more people join the peasant association. In September of that year, the membership of the Farmers' Association had grown to more than 500 people. 101October 25th, Chishan Farmers' Association was established. Under the influence of Chishan Guangdong Peasant Association, the development of peasant associations soon spread throughout Haifeng. Farmers' associations have also been established in Shouwang, Silverstream, Xihe, Beiwa, Luoshan, Qinghu, Pinggang, Tingzhou, Lianfeng and Leifeng. 12 peasant associations ***98 townships, with 2,760 households,16,590 people. Haifeng County Farmers' General Association was formally established on New Year's Day on 1923, and was elected as its president. 澎湃 personally designed the flag for the Farmers' General Association and drafted the Temporary General Charter of Haifeng Farmers' General Association. It is clearly stipulated in the Outline that the task of peasant associations is to "transform farmers' lives, develop agriculture, promote farmers' autonomy and popularize farmers' education". ○4 A membership card is printed on the business card paper, which is printed with the name of the member, the time of joining, the name of the township agreement and the organizational principle of "Don't eat if you don't work, work together". After the establishment of the farmers' general association, it protected the interests of farmers and guided them to care about political struggles. Since then, feudal forces such as local tyrants and evil gentry dare not do whatever they want, and the political power in rural areas has gradually transferred from the hands of gentry to the hands of peasant associations, and the prestige of peasant associations has become higher and higher, and Haifeng peasant movement has reached its peak. At this time, Lufeng, Zijin, Huilai, Puning and other counties also set up peasant associations. In May of the same year, Tide urged Haifeng Farmers' General Association to be reorganized into Huizhou Farmers' Federation, and set up branches in Haifeng, Huiyang and Lufeng. In July, Huizhou Peasant Association was reorganized into Guangdong Peasant Association. Every county has a branch. 澎湃 is the executive chairman of the Provincial Agricultural Association. The rapid development of Haifeng peasant movement has severely hit the interests of landlords and gentry and aroused the fear and hatred of the landlord class against feudal forces. /kloc-In August of 0/6, Haifeng Peasant Association was suddenly attacked by reactionary military police, and 25 key members of the peasant association were arrested and escaped tactfully, only to survive. After arduous and tortuous struggle, Haifeng Peasant Association resumed in March 1924. However, under the order of warlord Chen Jiongming, Wang, the county magistrate of Haifeng County, once again announced the banning of the peasant associations. Farmers' associations had to turn into a secret state, and the peasant movement tended to be at a low ebb. 澎湃 was forced to leave Haifeng for Hong Kong.

1924 realized the first cooperation between the two countries, and Tan Pingshan, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was then the head of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. In order to carry out the workers' and peasants' movement, Tan Pingshan sent people to Hongkong to invite Canglang back to Guangzhou to accept the task. At the beginning of April, Peng Pai returned to Guangzhou, and was introduced by Tan Pingshan, who changed from a member of the Socialist Youth League to a producer party in party member and China. According to the arrangement of the party organization, Peng Pai served as the secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Kuomintang Central Committee. Soon, Minister of Agriculture Lin went to Hankou to work, and Peng Pai was actually responsible for the work of the Ministry of Agriculture. Taking advantage of the favorable situation of national cooperation, Peng Pai, as a representative of the Ministry of Farmers, went deep into Quang Ninh, Puning, hua county and other places to lead farmers in the struggle to reduce rents and deal with the siege and destruction of peasant associations by reactionary forces such as landlords and vigilantes. In the peasant movements around the country, Peng Pai deeply felt the lack of peasant movement cadres, and urgently needed to openly train peasant movement cadres. In June of the same year, at the 30th meeting of the Intimacy Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, Peng Pai proposed to the meeting to set up a workshop for the peasant movement in the form of a proposal from the Ministry of Farmers to train cadres of the peasant movement. After discussion at the meeting, this proposal was adopted and it was decided to appoint the first president of Peng Paiwei Agricultural College. ○5 After more than a month's preparation, the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop officially opened on July 3rd. In the course of running a school, Peng Pai was not only responsible for the training of the whole agricultural college, but also personally gave lectures to students, analyzed the economic situation in rural areas of China, revealed the roots of peasants' exploitation and oppression, and educated students to fight for peasants' liberation. In teaching methods, Peng Pai attaches great importance to integrating theory with practice, and often personally leads students to study in suburban rural areas. The study time of this year's students was originally scheduled for one month. Based on the lesson that Haifeng peasant movement was destroyed by reactionary armed forces, Peng Pai realized the importance of establishing peasant armed forces to develop peasant movement, so he decided to extend the study time, add military training courses, and made a military training plan himself. 1September, 925, Peng Pai presided over the fifth agricultural seminar and began to recruit students from other provinces to train farmers' movement cadres for the whole country. 1In May, 926, Peng Pai gave lectures to the students on the living conditions of Dongjiang farmers and the experience of developing the farmers' movement in the sixth workshop of the farmers' movement hosted by Mao Zedong. During this period, Peng Pai, with the encouragement and support of Chen Yannian and Zhou Enlai, secretaries of Guangdong District Party Committee, wrote the Report on Haifeng Peasant Movement, which was published continuously in China Farmers magazine sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture. The Report on Haifeng Peasant Movement recorded the whole process of Haifeng peasant movement in Peng Pai from 1922 to 1924, and summarized the experience of Haifeng peasant movement. Expounding the peasant movement from the combination of theory and practice is the earliest important work of our party. 1September, 926, Mao Zedong wrote a preface for the series of Peasant Movement, spoke highly of Haifeng peasant movement, and proposed to popularize the experience of Haifeng peasant movement to the whole country. ○6 10 In June, Guangdong Peasant Association renamed Haifeng Peasant Movement Report as a monograph published by Haifeng Peasant Movement, and the title was inscribed by Zhou Enlai. 1927 the "central peasant movement workshop" founded by Mao Zedong in Wuchang takes Haifeng peasant movement as one of the required reading materials for students. After the founding of New China, the book was republished. Abroad, there are English and Italian translators. This shows the important role and far-reaching influence of Haifeng peasant movement in the revolutionary history of China.

1924, the cooperation between China and Guangdong was just established, and a new revolutionary situation began to take shape. Chen Jiongming, who was entrenched in Dongjiang, Guangdong Province, rose up and rebelled, gathering reactionary forces from all over Guangdong in an attempt to attack Guangzhou and overthrow the Guangdong revolutionary government. At the beginning of 1925, Guangdong revolutionary government decided to crusade against Chen Jiongming. Peng Pai, according to the instructions of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, immediately sent someone to inform the leaders who insisted on the secret struggle in Haifeng, mobilized the peasant masses to support and meet the crusade army, and Peng Pai also went to the crusade front to restore the peasant associations and organize the peasants to support the crusade army. On February 27, after the Eastern Expedition Army invaded Haifeng, the masses strongly demanded that the rent be reduced and the donation of farmers' armed forces be cancelled. Peng Pai immediately set out to restore Haifeng Farmers' Association, set up farmers' self-defense forces, and reduced rents to suppress illegal landlords and gentry. In order to further strengthen the leadership of Haifeng's revolutionary work, China Lufeng Special Branch was established in April, with Peng Pai as the secretary of the special branch. Under the leadership of the special branch, mass organizations such as women's liberation associations, businessmen's associations, teachers' unions and young farmers' clubs have also been established. The revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses is unprecedented, and Haifeng presents a vibrant revolutionary scene. While Haifeng Revolution was in full swing, at the beginning of June, Yang Ximin, a warlord of Guangxi, revolted in Guangzhou. The Eastern Expedition Army had to return to Guangzhou to suppress Liu and Yang's rebellion. This is the flight from Chen Jiongming to Hailufeng. At the beginning of 10, the National Revolutionary Army began its second crusade. In the second half of that month, the crusade army entered Haifeng, Chen Jiongming was completely annihilated, and Peng Pai returned to Haifeng. This is the decision of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee to reorganize Hailufeng Teke into Hailufeng District Committee, with Peng Pai as its secretary. 165438+1At the beginning of October, Peng Pai was transferred back to Guangzhou to participate in the preparation of the Guangdong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang together with Ruan Xiaoxian, and was elected as the Minister of the Farmers Department of the Provincial Party Department. Taking advantage of this open and legal position, he led the peasant movement in Guangdong and made it develop greatly.

Fourth, participate in leading Nanchang Uprising.

1927 In March, Peng Pai left Guangzhou for Wuhan to attend the 5th National Congress of China * * * Production Party. At the Party's Fifth National Congress, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee. After the meeting, Peng Pai stayed in Wuhan to preside over the work of the National Farmers' Association. In early June, he left Wuhan for a secret visit to Nanchang. Following Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai in April 12, Wang Jingwei launched a counter-revolutionary debate in Wuhan in July 15. In order to resist the slaughter of the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Central Committee decided to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang, and decided to set up an ex-enemy Central Committee with Peng Pai, Li and Yun as members to lead the uprising. 1 in August, the insurgents occupied Nanchang. On the morning of the same day, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party with party member as the core and the people as the left was established as the revolutionary regime after the uprising. Peng Pai was appointed as a member of the Revolutionary Committee and the Agricultural Workers' Movement Committee. The victory of Nanchang Uprising terrified the Kuomintang reactionaries and quickly mobilized troops to surround Nanchang. In view of the grim situation, the former enemy Committee decided to withdraw from Nanchang and go south to Guangdong. It planned to take Dongjiang first, then Guangzhou, taking Guangzhou as the revolutionary base, and was punished again. On August 3, the insurgents withdrew from Nanchang, and Peng Pai went south with the army together with members of the Committee of the Agricultural Workers' Movement. On August 7th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou. Although Peng Pai did not attend the meeting, he was elected as a temporary member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. 1 1 On August 6th, the provisional the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to establish the Central Nanfang Bureau, with Peng Pai as its member. On the way to the south, Peng Pai personally carried out propaganda and agitation to boost the morale of the troops; On the one hand, he held a mass meeting with the Committee of the Agricultural Workers' Movement to publicize the agrarian revolution and punish a group of local tyrants and evil gentry. On September 24th, Peng Pai led the vanguard troops of the rebel army into Shantou. In order to command the workers and peasants armed forces in Chaoshan area, Dongjiang Workers and Peasants Self-Defense Command was established immediately, with Peng Pai as the commander-in-chief. The rebel army held a mass meeting in Shantou, with more than 10 thousand people attending. Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Peng Pai attended the meeting, and Zhou Enlai and Peng Pai spoke at the meeting. On September 26th, He Long and Ye Ting led the rebels to the west, ready to seize Huizhou, and Peng Pai led the staff of Dongjiang Workers' and Peasants' Self-Defense General Command to establish local political power and logistics. On September 28th, the insurgents fought fiercely with the enemy in Tangkeng and Coral for more than a day, but they were outnumbered and lost. The rebels then moved in the direction of Hailufeng. When the troops arrived at Lianhua Mountain, they were intercepted by the enemy and suffered heavy casualties. 6543813, Zhou Enlai held a meeting in Liusha Town, Puning, and decided that some leading comrades would go to Hong Kong and Shanghai, and the troops would be transferred to Hailufeng area. On October 7th, 65438, Peng Pai and Li Heyun evacuated to Lufeng and took a boat from Lufeng to Hongkong.

V. Establishing the first regime of workers, peasants and soldiers in China-Hailufeng Soviet.

The 24th division of Nanchang Rebel Army 1200 people were frustrated by the enemy's interception in Lianhua Mountain, and after the breakthrough, they moved to Hailufeng area. According to the instructions of the Central South Bureau, this department was reorganized into the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants (namely the Red Second Division), with Dong Lang as the teacher and Changyi Yan as the party representative. 10 year 10 on October 30th, the workers and peasants armed forces of Hailufeng, with the cooperation of the Red Second Division, accepted the lessons of two failed armed uprisings in April and September of the same year and held the third armed uprising. 165438+1October 8th, Peng Pai was transferred back to Haifeng by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and served as the secretary of the CPC Dongjiang Special Committee, leading the people of Haifeng and Lufeng counties to prepare for convening a congress of workers, peasants and soldiers and establishing the Soviet regime. 165438+1October 18 to 2 1 day, Haifeng county workers, peasants and soldiers congress was held, Peng sent a political report on behalf of the CPC central Committee at the congress, and the congress elected Haifeng county Soviet government. 65438+February 1, tens of thousands of Haifeng people held a celebration meeting on the Red Square in the county, and Peng Pai spoke at the celebration meeting. After the establishment of Haifeng and Lufeng Soviets, the agrarian revolution was launched immediately, and farmers were mobilized to collect land titles, leases and account books of landlords and burn them. And recruited more than 1000 young people to form the fifth regiment of the Red Second Division to strengthen the armed forces. 1928 65438+ 10, after the failure of the uprising in Guangzhou, a part of the rebel army was reorganized into the Fourth Division of the Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants (namely, the Red Fourth Division). Under the leadership of, and Xu, it was rich in the sea and added a living force to the Hailufeng area. Under the leadership of Dongjiang Special Committee, Huiyang, Zijin, Wuhua, Puning, Huilai, Chaoyang and other Soviet areas in the southwest of Dongjiang with Hailufeng as the center have expanded rapidly.

The establishment of Hailufeng Soviet Area and the continuous expansion of Dongjiang Soviet Area shocked the Kuomintang reactionaries. 1February, 928, the enemy's three warships were suitable for four, and they attacked the sea and Lufeng in four ways. In the face of the enemy's powerful offensive, Peng Pai and Dongjiang Special Committee led the Red Army and Hailufeng workers and peasants to fight bloody battles with the invading enemy. At the end of February, Hai Lufeng fell into the hands of the enemy. The Red Second Division, the Red Fourth Division and the workers' and peasants' armed forces of Hai Lufeng have repeatedly counterattacked and tried to recapture Haifeng, but they failed to conquer because of the disparity between the enemy and ourselves. Peng Pai led the Red Army and the workers and peasants to the Nanshan District, which stretches in Chaoyang, Puning and Huilai. Persist in guerrilla warfare under extremely difficult conditions. In July of that year, the Sixth National Congress of China was held in Moscow. Although Peng Pai did not attend the Congress, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee and Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In late August, Peng Pai was ordered to leave Dongjiang, and the leaders of Gonger Division and Gongsi Division also left one after another.

1928165438+10. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, Peng Pai and his wife Bing Xu arrived in Shanghai and initially lived in Bailuli, Daxi Road (now Yan 'an Middle Road). At that time, Shanghai was under the white terror rule of the Kuomintang, so Peng Pai changed his name to Wang Zian and went to Shanghai for business as a cover. In April and May of the following year, he moved to Wanwa, Jing 'an Temple Road. After Peng Pai arrived in Shanghai, he served as secretary of the Central Agriculture Committee and Secretary of the Central Military Commission. At that time, the peasant armed riots in various parts of Jiangsu had failed one after another. After the failure of the riots, Peng Pai often studied the work of the peasant movement with the provincial party committee. At the18th meeting in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Peng Pai expressed his opinions on the Notice on the Peasant Movement discussed at the meeting. The announcement of the peasant movement is about the struggle between doctors and peasants in the squadron of the peasant movement, which is very important. It is wrong to talk about unity or overthrow. ""I advocate that the announcement can be omitted. Peng Pai not only paid attention to the policy of rich peasants in the peasant movement, but also paid more attention to the work of farm labourers in the peasant movement. In May and June, he wrote an outline of farming work. In this outline, he put forward the standard of dividing the composition of rural farm labourers, analyzed the position and role of farm labourers in the peasant movement, and put forward the problem of proletarian education for farmers.

1929 Before the Spring Festival, Peng Pai attended the meeting of Zhabei District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the meeting discussed the work placement of the Notice of Returning to the Soviet Union. After the meeting, Peng Pai immediately wrote to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to report the discussion at the Zhabei District Committee meeting. In the middle of the letter, Peng Ji told the Central Committee that comrades who came back from studying in the Soviet Union should receive short-term training and knew that local party organizations should train them. The Central Organization Department replied to Peng Pai on February 23rd, affirming his opinions.

Peng Pai is also very concerned about the struggle strategy of the workers' movement. 1in may, 929, the locomotive room workers and locomotive room workers of Shanghai concession tram company fought with each other under the instigation of capitalists. Therefore, Peng Pai wrote the article "Transformation and Deepening of Struggle", which was published in Education Weekly, the official publication of jiangsu provincial party committee. Peng Pai pointed out in his article that Party organizations should not adopt persuasion and mediation methods for both sides. "We should expose the crime of capitalists inciting workers' struggle among the masses, encourage workers to arm themselves and bravely deal with capitalists ... this is called the strategy of struggle transformation." In July, 9675438+0929, the CPC Central Committee decided to transfer Peng Pai back to the central government to strengthen the work of the Agriculture Committee. /kloc-in August of 0/5, I attended the meeting of the Standing Committee of jiangsu provincial party committee for the last time to criticize. At the meeting, Peng Pai once again emphasized the Party's development work, and put forward some noteworthy issues, such as the struggle between peasants and workers in Xuzhou, the struggle in Lieshan Coal Mine and the struggle against rent in Suqian.

Seven. Struggle in prison

After Peng Pai decided to return to the Central Committee, he held a meeting at the residence of Bai Xin, secretary of the Central Military Commission, in Jingyuan Lane (now 13 Lane) of Xinzha Road on August 24th, 1929, in order to hand over the work of the Provincial Military Commission. Present at the meeting were Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Yang Yin, Minister of the Central Military Commission, Changyi Yan, member of the Central Military Commission and secretary of the jiangsu provincial party committee Military Commission, Xing Shizhen, commander of the Military Division of the Central Military Commission and member of the jiangsu provincial party committee Military Commission, and Zhang Jichun, deputy commander of the picket team of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions. Unexpectedly, Bai Xin defected to the enemy and told Fan Zhengbo, member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Shanghai Party Department and director of intelligence, the content, time and place of the meeting. While the meeting was in progress, it was suddenly surrounded by the patrol of the concession Ministry and the security agents of the Kuomintang Shanghai Public Security Bureau. As a result, Peng Pai and other five people attending the meeting were escorted by the enemy to the new gate and arrested. On the 26th, he was "extradited" to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau and tried at the Narcissus Temple Detention Center. Peng Pai claimed to be Wang Zian for the first time and came to Shanghai for business from Fujian. During the second interrogation, Fang Naibin, the mayor of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, who knew Peng Pai, was present to identify him. Peng Pai knew he couldn't hide it, so he made a speech in court for more than an hour, detailing his experience of doing peasant movement in Hailufeng, establishing Hailufeng Soviet and punishing landlords and gentry for counter-revolution, and angrily said to the enemy: "Like your counter-revolutionary party, we also killed many people in Hailufeng. You don't need to ask now. "