Temple in various places of Erlang Temple

Erlang Temple is located on the East Street of Jiayuan Village, Dihua Town, 15 kilometers west of the city. It was built in the third year of Jin Da'an (AD 1211) and is the only existing Jin Dynasty building in Shaanxi Province. According to records, Qin Hui once "cut off the business community for gold" and built the Erlang Temple to mark the boundary. The architecture integrates the art of Jin and Han into one furnace, and is a perfect combination of Jin and Han art.

There are steps around the temple, and there are three temple halls, one of which is 4 meters long, with a bay of more than 1 meter on both sides, and a depth of 7 meters. The overhanging eaves, brackets and other forms of the temple provide physical basis for studying the architecture of the Jin Dynasty. On the outer wall of Erlang Temple are the revolutionary slogans written by the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1933, which have become physical materials for revolutionary traditional education.

The Erlang Temple was built in the third year of Jin Da'an (1211 AD) and has a history of more than 790 years. It is said that after the Jin State invaded the Southern Song Dynasty and arrived at Longju Village, they met the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers here who fought hard and fought for a long time without deciding the outcome. The shape of the temple is integrated with Han architectural art, and the Erlang Temple on Dihua Street is built.

The Erlang Temple is three rooms wide, with a brick and wood structure, 10 meters long, 8 meters wide, and 7 meters high. The top of the temple is a hill-shaped corner with five ridges and four slopes, and is covered with colorful glazed tiles. What is presented on the main ridge is called "the transformation of fish and dragon". In the middle are two dragons playing with pearls and epiphyllum, and below are the Eight Immortals' magic tools. The two arches vertically downward along this slope are called vertical ridges. On the lower edge are two dragon heads, facing upwards. The slightly warped ones are called Yangji, and the smaller statues are Qin Qiong, Jingde and birds and beasts. The eaves and brackets are in the shape of spearheads, which represents the warlike nature of the Jin people.

Erlang Temple was originally dedicated to the "Erlang God" Li Erlang. He was the second son of Li Bing in the Qin Dynasty. He was praised by later generations for his merits in flood control. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he was influenced by "The Romance of the Gods" and "Journey to the West" Influenced by literary and artistic works such as "The Story of the Emperor" and "Split the Mountain to Save His Mother", Li Erlang was changed to Yang Erlang Yang Jian.

The temple to the east is the Guandi Temple, which was built in the 18th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1837 AD). It was built in imitation of the Erlang Temple, with the same shape and the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty. Different from the Erlang Temple, the main spine is carved with two dragons playing with beads. The roof is covered with emerald green glazed tiles. The arches are in the shape of an elephant trunk or a horseshoe. The craftsmanship is relatively sophisticated and reflects the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty.

After hundreds of years of war and famine, the Erlang Temple fell into disrepair and almost collapsed. A salvage restoration was carried out in 1985.

Erlang Temple is a combination of Jin and Han architectural techniques. Due to the short history of the Jin Dynasty, few cultural relics and historic sites have survived. There are only three temples with the architectural style of the Jin Dynasty in the country, and the other two are in Shanxi Province, so it is even more precious. In 1992, it was announced as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit and is now included in the "National Dictionary of Scenic Spots".

Erlang Temple is both a cultural relic and a revolutionary holy site. The advance troops of the 25th Red Army led by Xu Haidong and Cheng Zihua once stationed here and wrote big black slogans on the gables of the two temples. : "Fight for the creation of the Shaanxi Soviet", "Establish the Shaanxi Soviet government". After the Red Army left, the Kuomintang authorities repeatedly ordered them to be eradicated. The local people covered them with white clay and finally protected the slogans. They were later destroyed during the "Cultural Revolution". In the Song Dynasty, Guankou belonged to Anrenli, Mingsheng Township, Tong'an County. In the Yuan Dynasty, Shenqing Post was set up here. Who was Guankou? Guankou County, Xichuan County, was named after Ben Zhenjun's spirit. Who is the Fengshan Ancestral Temple? Tomorrow, during the Chongzhen period, shepherd boys often scolded the cattle for grazing here. They obtained a stove and engraved it with the following inscription: Guankou Li Mansion Qingyuan Zhenjun came from Sichuan to serve as the Shenqing post official. The incense of Qingyuan Zhenjun in the Li Mansion was then transferred to the furnace and poured into the Fengshan Ancestral Temple. The ancestral temple is located on the north side of Guankou Street, Guankou Town, Jimei District, Xiamen City. It was built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is a two-entry palace-style building that has been renovated and expanded several times. The true king of Qingyuan in the Li Mansion is Li Bing and his second son. The origin of Fengshan Temple is closely related to Sichuan Guankou and the spread of Chinese water culture. According to "Tong'an County Chronicles, Volume 24, Temple" and "Guankou Fengshan Temple Stele Chronicle", Guankou belonged to Anrenli, Mingsheng Township, Tong'an during the Song Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, a Shenqing Inn (a cultural relic protection unit in Xiamen City) was set up here. It is said that in the Ming Dynasty, a man from Xichuan Guankou (now Guan County, Sichuan) came here to work as a postmaster. He brought an incense burner engraved with "Li Mansion Qingyuan Zhenjun" from the Erwang Temple in Guanjiangkou, Xichuan, and also raised a hunting dog. After the post station was destroyed by the soldiers, the post manager died, and the incense burner was abandoned on the roadside. The hounds carried it to Fengshan and stayed there.

The villagers were very surprised, so they built a small nunnery on the spot and placed an incense burner. Unexpectedly, all requests were answered. During the Qizhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the villagers converted the small nunnery into a temple, namely Fengshan Temple.

After the completion of Fengshan Temple, incense was very prosperous, and the prosperity of incense brought local prosperity. Nearby villagers and people from Fujian Province who came here to make a living set up stalls and shops at the foot of Fengshan Mountain, gradually turning into a market. Because the god worshiped in Fengshan Temple came from Guankou, Xichuan, the market was named Guankou, and the place name Guankou Town in Xiamen City came from this.

Guankou is a monument in Sichuan, and it is also connected with Dujiangyan. The Chengdu Plain, that is, the plain in western Sichuan, was formerly known as Guankou. Fan Jingshi of the Ming Dynasty wrote in "Rebuilding the Monument of Guankou Erlang Shrine" that: "The river originates from Minshan, and Guankou is at the foot of the mountain." Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, and his second son Li Erlang (after his death) Cheng Shen, that is, the Erlang Shen who was named the True King by Song Huizong) recruited migrant workers to build the Dujiangyan water conservancy project in the Minjiang River Basin. For more than 2,200 years, the western Sichuan Plain has achieved outstanding results and has become the "Land of Abundance". Dujiangyan is an immortal monument of Chinese water culture.

Dujiangyan was formerly known as Guanxian County. In 1988, the county was removed and the capital city of Jiangyan was established. There is also Guankou Town in the city.

The "Qingyuan True Monarch of the Li Mansion" enshrined in the Erwang Temple of Sichuan in Fengshan is Li Bing's second son Li Erlang, who is known as the "Ambassador" in Fujian and Taiwan. "The Stele of Guankou Fengshan Temple" contains: "When the true king was in the Qin Dynasty, he assisted his holy father Bing to guard Shu and restrained the poisonous dragon. It is appropriate to worship him!" The image of Li Erlang as a young hero who helped his holy father Li Bing to guard Shu's Fulong was recorded in the inscription. Carry forward. There are two existing bluestone window carvings in Fengshan Temple, depicting an old man and a young man fighting the evil dragon making waves; the wind on the river is calm and the auspicious clouds are blooming, and an old man and a young man are riding a tamed dragon, slowly facing the colorful clouds. God. This is the theme song of Chinese water culture.

In southern Fujian and Taiwan, there is also a legend about the ambassador suppressing the snail spirit. Right in front of Fengshan Temple, there is a reservoir called Tazaitang, with an "Ami" stone on the embankment. Legend has it that it was the Ambassador who suppressed the snail spirit.

During the Ming Dynasty, Tazi Pond was deep and wide, a vast expanse of ocean, surrounded by reeds. It was eerie and scary. People often fell into the water and drowned. Legend has it that a snail spirit appeared in the pond, which happened after hundreds of years. He cultivated, absorbed the essence of the sun and moon and became a spirit, vowing to destroy all creatures in the Yang world and become king in the Demon world. He raised the floods and burst the embankments, and asked the nearby people to send boys and girls to worship it, causing the people to leave their homes and not dare to live here. Legend has it that at that time there were three sworn brothers named Jinlan in Tong'an who acted bravely when they saw justice and vowed to eliminate harm for the people. The three brothers fought hard against the snail demon, but were defeated by the magic and drowned in Tazai Pond. When Qingyuan Zhenjun found out about this, he immediately took his dog there. The dog bit the snail's tail so that it could not escape, and then used the "Ami" stone to suppress the snail so that it could never stand up again. In order to commend the three righteous men for their kindness and virtue in destroying demons, the spirit of the True King Qingyuan was given to the three righteous men, allowing them to serve as the three ambassadors in Fengshan Temple and enjoy the incense in the world forever. This legend is a replica of the story about Li Bing and his son making evil dragons in Lidui. It reflects man's struggle against flooding in the harsh natural environment and is a triumphant song of Chinese water culture.

As the ancestors of Xiamen Guankou migrated to Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries, they brought with them the patron saint of their hometown, the incense of Qingyuan Zhenjun Erlang God of Fengshan Temple, and it was also spread there. There are more than 160 seats for the ambassador. Guankou Fengshan Temple became the ancestral temple, and Chinese water culture was also spread there.

The relationship between the temple and Taiwan has a long history. There are more than 160 Fenxiang temples in Taiwan. The fourth day of May is the birthday of Erlang God, and the seventh day of March is the temple festival. "The sacrifice fees over the years have been as high as those of the pigeons. Fortunately, those who divided the furnaces in Taiwan sent them to the public, and the donations were collected." The year when the temple was first built is unknown. It is said that the temple was the most complete sacrificial temple in the late Qing Dynasty, with carved beams and painted edifices, resplendent in gold and jade green, a majestic mountain gate, and a majestic temple appearance. The main hall is five-couplet wide in the north, with an auxiliary courtyard and a music tower next to it. In the south, it is located in Yidongdu, Jiaocheng County (now northeast of Yiwang Village, Jiaocheng). To the south of Yiwang Village is a tributary of the Fen River. The Fen River is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River and the largest river in Shanxi Province. The geographical location of the village Only in Taiyuan, the historical background of the temple construction: from the first year of Shunzhi to the third year of Xuantong (1644-1911), it was the feudal rule period of the Qing Dynasty. During these more than 260 years, the economy of the Qing Dynasty roughly went through three stages of development, namely, the three historical stages of the early Qing Dynasty economy, the mid-Qing economy, and the late Qing Dynasty economy.

During this period, the economy of the Qing Dynasty experienced development and changes from destruction to recovery, from prosperity to recovery, and from prosperity to decline. From the first year of Shunzhi to the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1644-1722), Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty adopted a series of policies and reform measures that were conducive to restoring the national economy, seizing the key link of restoring and developing agricultural production, and making the Qing Dynasty economy from It recovered and adjusted from the long-term wars and economic collapse in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. From the first year of Yongzheng to the twentieth year of Daoguang (1723-1840), the economy of the Qing Dynasty entered its middle stage. This stage was a prosperous period of society in the Qing Dynasty. An important reason for this prosperous situation was the Qing government's reform of the tax system. The reform of the tax system of "divide a small amount into an acre" was the key to the Kangxi period's "growing population and never increasing taxes". "A direct continuation of the policy, it simplifies the taxation procedures and levies taxes according to the amount of land, which reduces the burden on the poor people and, to a certain extent, changes the serious situation of uneven taxation. According to records, in 1739, which was already the fourth year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, Shanxi implemented the "dividing a small person into an acre" on a large scale, which made it convenient for the people. However, Wanquan of Puzhou Prefecture and Anyi of Jiezhou Prefecture objected, claiming that the local rich people had no land and were engaged in trade. The poor people and the wealthy households were forced to transport grain and receive silver. The prefect then allowed the two counties to secretly use the old law, but in name it was just sharing the land. The economy of the late Qing Dynasty started from the 20th year of Daoguang (1840) to the third year of Xuantong (1911). During this period, China's natural economy gradually disintegrated due to the invasion of foreign capitalism. At this time when the people were enjoying themselves, natural disasters also continued. The period from 1736 to 1767 was the peak of floods in Taiyuan County. During this period, the frequency of flooding in Taiyuan County reached a maximum of 1. From the perspective of disasters, this period was relatively minor. For example, in 1746, Shanxi Governor Ali Gong's memorial stated: "Since May and June, there have been slightly more rains, and the Fenhe River cannot absorb them. Military camps and other villages, acres of land near the river were flooded, and private houses occasionally collapsed. "The frequency of floods in Yangqu, Taiyuan, increased again from 1821 to 1851, and the disasters were worse than before. For example, in 1835, the Eshun Anzou "was terrible again. Twenty-nine villages including Qianbeitun in Deyangqu County were hit by floods, with 60% of them affected, and two villages including Xiliu were hit with 50% of damage. Eighty-seven tile-roofed houses and 630 mud houses in this village were flooded. Nineteen, fifty-seven half-collapsed mud houses, which are worthy of...1,117 fully collapsed mud houses, and 324 half-collapsed mud houses were flooded." But from 1852 to 1911. The frequency of floods in Taiyuan and Yangqu counties reached the maximum value during the period studied in this article. Judging from the disaster situation, the consequences were unprecedentedly serious in the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in 1886, Shanxi governor Gang Yi wrote, "The provincial capital has been affected since June 23 of this year ( Since July 24), it has been raining continuously day and night, and the Fenhe River is gradually rising...The river is extremely turbulent, breaking through the Jingang Weir and the dam protection weir of the Beisha River, and slipping away... Flood and drought Ximen and the Great South Gate burst open at the same time, and the force could not be resisted. More than ten thousand rooms were flooded, many collapsed, and the city walls were also cracked... There were more than 3,000 victims... Thirty men and women were drowned... "Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the upper reaches of the Fen River have been used for farming and animal husbandry, and land use patterns have changed alternately. With the increase in population, the land reclamation rate has continued to increase, and the forest coverage rate has continued to decrease. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, this area became the capital supply area for the large-scale construction of palaces and temples. Especially since the construction of the Great Wall in the early Ming Dynasty, nearly 200,000 people were stationed in the towns of Shanxi and Datong, and large-scale civilian, military, and commercial settlements were implemented, which intensified water and soil erosion in the upper reaches of the Fen River. The Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty successively implemented encouraging policies such as "Never increase the number of people and never increase taxes" and "divide the number of people into acres". The population and cultivated land further increased, a large number of slopes were reclaimed, and soil erosion in hilly and gully areas developed to an intensity level. , and the situation of the river before the Qing Dynasty, the "Shanxi Tongzhi·Jinliang" in the ninth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1473) stated that "the Fenhe River was crossed, and a boat was built to help it in summer and autumn, and an earth bridge was built in winter and spring." There is also "Miyang Ferry, located in Miyang Village, five miles east of Qingyuan County. The Fen River flows south, about 80 steps wide, and the road leads to Xugou County." According to statistics, Miyang Ferry should also be a ferry in summer and autumn. The river width is 128 meters in metric system, which is similar to the length of Fen Bridge in the middle city of Tang Dynasty.

The above facts show that from the early Tang Dynasty to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, which lasted 783 years, the water surface width of the Taiyuan section of Fenhe River was between 116 and 128 meters. At that time, the flood discharge capacity was close to a once-in-two-hundred-year event.

There were at least three ferries on the Fenhe River in Taiyuan during the Ming Dynasty, namely Fenhe Ferry, Miyang Ferry, and Nantun Ferry, which were located in today's Xiaowang Village, Changtou Village, and Nantun Village respectively. At that time, one of the "Eight Scenic Spots of Jinyang" was the "Fenyang Ancient Ferry". The poet Liu Kongming's poem "Evening Crossing of the Fen River" says: "The Fen River is vast and boundless. In the evening, people are laughing and chatting along the riverside. When they are waiting to cross the stable embankment, willows are calling for people to stand on the sand on the bank. The sound of oars is far away and the current is rushing. The shadow of sails is Follow the setting sun lightly." Poems that also describe the poems include Zhu Hao, Zhang Yi, and Yuan people Xiao Cangyue, Jiang Yu, etc., all of which depict the scene of a water town in the south. According to "Shanxi Chronicles", at the end of Qianlong's reign, in addition to the above three ferries, Dongcaozhai Ferry was added, which was located in Caozhai Village, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City today, and connected to Xugou County. The above data show that at that time, the distribution of Fenhe River runoff during the year was relatively even, and the flood-to-dry ratio was small. In the summer of 1737, the second year of Qianlong's reign, it rained heavily in the Jiaocheng area. The water on the flat land was more than a foot deep and all the grain drifted away. September earthquake. In the 19th year of Qianlong's reign, Jinglan embankment was built on the west bank of Ciyao River in 1754. In 1766, in the 31st year of Qianlong's reign, each city had a population of 21,752. In 1767, the 32nd year of Qianlong's reign, the Fenhe River moved eastward, and the Wenyu River moved westward to its old path of Fenhe River.

In 1768, the 33rd year of Qianlong's reign, a heavy rain washed down more than 20 ancient cypresses in Guashan Mountain. The degree of floods in Taiyuan gradually worsened in the early years of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, which was bound to cause casualties among the people. People wanted to offer sacrifices to Li Bing and his son to keep the place safe and avoid disasters. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Yiwang Village suffered from constant flooding. According to the villagers, The Tuwei Ancient Canal and the built bridge inscription on the inscription "My hometown is drifting due to mountains and rivers, which affected the most deeply, and wiped out dozens of hectares of farmland... due to the uprising of the villagers Song Pupu, Pupuzhi and others..." I learned about the village's flood prevention. This temple should be built to pray to gods and avoid water, to appease the people's hearts, and to gather the capital of wealthy gentry landowners. The Erlang Temple was built south of Taifenguan Road and northeast of the village. The temple has a single eaves resting mountain-style rolling shed roof. It is very spectacular, including the God of Luban, the God of Wealth, and the God of Erlang. The villagers regard Erlang as the water god. The statue is huge, wearing golden armor, holding a sharp knife, with a white face and three eyes, and is heroic and majestic. As the protector of the village, he prays for the elimination of floods and peace in the environment. It is worshiped by the God of Luban and the God of Wealth, and it is also used as a patrol place for God Fox when he returns to the village, which shows its importance. Erlang Temple is a majestic ancient temple that was rebuilt during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It was used as a processing factory in the 1970s and 1980s, but was later abandoned. People scrambled to get materials and converted it into houses. Now it has disappeared, which is a pity. For transportation, the Baocheng Line passes through the town and has a station, Erlangmiao Station. On the highway side, there is the Zhongyan Highway leading to Jiangyou County. The upper reaches of the Zitong River flows through here and leads to Zitong. In terms of industry, there are large enterprises such as Sichuan Shuangma Cement (Group) Co., Ltd. It is 54 kilometers away from Jiangyou City and covers an area of ??148.42 square kilometers. The cultivated land area is 17,971 acres, and the per capita cultivated land area is 0.95 acres. It has jurisdiction over 19 administrative villages, 122 groups, and 2 community neighborhood committees, with a total population of 32,000 (including 24,000 rural residents), mainly Han nationality. Forest coverage rate is 45. The total agricultural output value is 110.6 million yuan, the total grain output is 8,332 tons, the total ginger output is 5,041 tons, the total fruit output is 2,752 tons, 33,000 pigs are slaughtered, the fiscal revenue is 6.59 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers is 4,397 yuan. There are existing township enterprises in the town. 1,002, the output value of township enterprises is 650 million yuan, the GDP is 580 million yuan, and the investment capital is 21.7 million yuan. Provincial-level pilot small town, Sichuan Province health town, Mianyang city-level civilized town, Mianyang City safety production demonstration town, Jiangyou City patriotic education base.

There is also Erlangmiao Township, located in Fangcheng County, Nanyang City, Henan Province. There are famous scenic spots such as Wanghua Lake and Mahacheng Mountain Forest Park in the township. The towns and villages are dominated by agriculture, and the main crops include corn, peanuts, peppers, watermelons, etc. It is a Feng Shui treasure land with beautiful mountains, clear waters and outstanding people!