Collection of cultural relics

Phonetic guǎncángwénwù

The definition refers to items and objects of cultural value collected by museums, libraries and other cultural relic collection units.

The "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" amended by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in December 2007 has special requirements for the collection of cultural relics: museums, libraries and other cultural relic collection units have special requirements for the collection of cultural relics. Cultural relics must be classified into different levels, collection files must be set up, a strict management system must be established, and the cultural relics must be reported to the competent cultural relics administrative department for filing. The cultural relics administrative departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall establish archives of cultural relics in their respective administrative regions; the cultural relics administrative department of the State Council shall establish archives of national first-level cultural relics collections and archives of cultural relics collected by the state-owned cultural relics collection units under their jurisdiction.

The law also stipulates that cultural relics collection units should establish and improve a management system in accordance with the protection needs of the cultural relics in the collection and in accordance with relevant national regulations, and report it to the competent cultural relics administrative department for filing. Without approval, no unit or individual may access cultural relics in the collection. The legal representative of the cultural relics collection unit is responsible for the safety of the cultural relics in the collection. When the legal representative of a state-owned cultural relics collection unit leaves office, he shall handle the transfer procedures and other matters of the collection of cultural relics in accordance with the archives of the collection of cultural relics. Classification standards for first-class cultural relics

(1) Reflecting the production relations, economic systems, and political systems of China in various historical periods, as well as particularly important representative cultural relics related to social and historical development;

(2) Particularly important representative cultural relics that reflect the development of productive forces, progress in production technology and scientific inventions and creations in the past dynasties;

(3) Reflect the social and historical development of various ethnic groups and promote national unity and safeguard the motherland. A particularly important representative cultural relic of unity;

(4) A particularly important representative cultural relic that reflects the working people’s resistance to exploitation and oppression and famous uprising leaders in the past dynasties;

(5) Reflects Particularly important representative cultural relics of Sino-foreign relations and mutual exchanges in politics, economy, military, science and technology, education, culture, art, religion, health, sports, etc. throughout the ages;

(6) Reflecting the resistance of the Chinese nation Foreign aggression, historical events of resistance to aggression and particularly important representative cultural relics of important historical figures;

(7) Reflecting the famous thinkers, politicians, military strategists, scientists, inventors, educators, and literature of the past dynasties Particularly important representative cultural relics of famous artists and artists, particularly important representative works of famous craftsmen;

(8) Particularly important values ??that reflect the living customs, culture and art, arts and crafts, and religious beliefs of various ethnic groups. representative cultural relics;

(9) Representative rare books of particularly important value among ancient Chinese books;

(10) Reflecting relevant issues in the international communist movement Major events and revolutionary practices of outstanding leaders, as well as particularly important representative cultural relics of internationalist fighters who made significant contributions to the Chinese revolution;

(11) and modern China (1840-1949) Particularly important representative cultural relics related to major events, important figures, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models in history;

(12) Major historical events and events since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Particularly important representative cultural relics related to major construction achievements, important leaders, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models;

(13) Major cultural relics related to the Communist Party of China and other modern parties and groups Particularly important representative cultural relics related to events, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and other social celebrities;

(14) Other representative cultural relics with particularly important historical, artistic and scientific value.

Second-level cultural relic grading standards

(1) Reflecting the productivity and production relations of various historical periods in China, as well as its economic and political systems, as well as the important value of related social and historical development cultural relics;

(2) Cultural relics of important value that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era;

(3) Reflecting a certain historical figure, historical event or reaction to Cultural relics that are of great value for studying a certain historical issue;

(4) A group of cultural relics that reflect a certain archaeological cultural type and cultural characteristics and can illustrate a certain historical issue;

(5) Cultural relics with average historical, artistic, and scientific value, but with valuable materials;

(6) Important folk cultural relics reflecting various regions and ethnic groups;

(7) Famous cultural relics from past dynasties Important works by artists or famous craftsmen;

(8) There are rare books of important value among old books;

(9) Reflecting major events in the history of modern China (1840-1949) Events, important figures, famous martyrs, famous heroic models and cultural relics of important value;

(10) Reflecting major historical events, major construction achievements, and important leaders since the founding of the People's Republic of China , cultural relics of important value that are famous martyrs, famous heroic models;

(11) Reflecting major events of the Communist Party of China and other modern parties and groups, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and others Cultural relics of important value belonging to celebrities in society;

(12) Other cultural relics of important historical, artistic, and scientific value.

Grading standards for third-level cultural relics

(1) Reflect China’s productivity and production relations in various historical periods, as well as its economic and political systems, as well as more important aspects of social and historical development. Cultural relics;

(2) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era;

(3) Reflect a certain historical event or figure, which is important for research Cultural relics of relatively important value for a certain historical issue;

(4) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect a certain archaeological cultural type and cultural characteristics;

(5) Having Ethnic and folk cultural relics of relatively important value;

(6) Works with high artistic and craftsmanship levels in a certain historical period, but with damage;

(7) Ancient books Rare books of relatively important value;

(8) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect major events, important figures, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models in modern Chinese history (1840-1949);

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(9) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect major historical events, major construction achievements, important leaders, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models since the founding of the People's Republic of China;

(10) Cultural relics of relatively important value reflecting the major events of the Communist Party of China and other modern parties and groups, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and other social celebrities;

(10) 1) Other cultural relics with relatively important historical, artistic and scientific value.

General cultural relic grading standards

(1) Reflecting the productivity and production relations of China's various historical periods, its economic system, political system, and relevant social and historical development with certain value Cultural relics;

(2) National and folk cultural relics with a certain value;

(3) Cultural relics that reflect a certain historical event or historical figure and have a certain value;

(4) Old books, materials, etc. that have a certain value;

(5) Production and daily utensils from past dynasties that have a certain value;

(6) They have a certain value artworks, handicrafts, etc. of past dynasties;

(7) Other cultural relics with certain historical, artistic, and scientific value.

5. Museums, cultural relic units and other relevant cultural relic collection institutions can use this standard to appraise, select and grade their cultural relic collections. When other scattered cultural relics in society need to be graded, this can be done accordingly.

6. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage is responsible for the interpretation of this standard.

Attachment: Examples of first-class cultural relic grading standards

1. Jade and Stone Age items are accurate, of good quality, distinctive in art and craftsmanship, and of particularly important value; The exact location of the excavation has inscriptions, inscriptions, inscriptions or other important features that can be used as a dating standard; it has obvious local characteristics and can represent a cultural type, a region or an outstanding achievement of a workshop in archeology; it can reflect the style of a certain era Representative works on ethnic relations and Sino-foreign relations at a high and artistic level.

2. The pottery represents a certain cultural type in archaeology, and its shape and decoration are of particularly important value; the exact location of its excavation can be used as a dating standard; the three-color works have beautiful shapes, bright colors, and special Of great value; among the purple sand ware, the shape is perfect and it is a representative work by famous ancient and modern masters.

3. The age of the porcelain is accurate, and it has particularly important value in art or craftsmanship; the date or exact location of its origin can be used as a dating standard; the shape, decoration, glaze color, etc. can reflect the style of the times and the rich nationality Colorful; famous porcelain recorded in literature, representative works of official kilns and private kilns of past dynasties.

4. The bronze ware has exquisite shapes and patterns, which can represent the level of craftsmanship and casting technology in a certain period; the exact location of the place of origin can be used as a dating standard; the inscription reflects major historical events, important historical figures, or calligraphy art. High level; of particularly important value in the history of technological development.

5. Iron products that occupy a particularly important position in the history of Chinese smelting and forging; iron cultural relics with a clear place of origin and particularly important value; with inscriptions or exquisite craftsmanship such as gold and silver inlays and inlays Ancient utensils; iron historical relics used by celebrities in the past dynasties, or directly related to major historical events.

6. Gold and silverware: those with high craftsmanship, exquisite shapes or decorations, and of particularly important value; accurate in age and location or with famous models, and can be used as gold and silver products that are standard in the era.

7. Lacquer ware represents the typical craft varieties and characteristics of a certain historical period; has superb modeling, decoration and carving skills; is a masterpiece of famous craftsmen.

8. The sculptures are beautiful in shape, accurate in era, or have inscriptions, and have various textures such as metal, jade, stone, wood, clay, ceramics, lacquer, and tooth bones with distinctive characteristics of the era and artistic style. sculptures of particularly important value.

9. Stone carvings and brick tiles are from earlier times and are representative stone carvings; statues engraved with the year or the owner’s inscription can be used as a standard for dating; they can directly reflect social production and life, with vivid expressions and shapes. Beautiful stone carvings; portrait stones with exquisite techniques and rich content; epitaphs with significant historical value or artistic value; bricks and tiles with exquisite text or patterns and particularly important historical and artistic value.

10. Calligraphy and painting: relatively complete calligraphy and painting before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts before the Tang Dynasty that are complete with dates and dates; scriptures before the Song Dynasty that have authors or dates and have a high level of calligraphy; famous names in the Song and Yuan Dynasties It may be a nameless one but with a high artistic level; a handwriting of a famous person from past dynasties with particularly important value; a masterpiece of a particularly important art school or a famous calligrapher or painter since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

11. The ancient inkstones are from the four famous inkstones of Duan and She, which have a precise age, good texture and rare remains; their shapes and decorations have distinctive characteristics of the times, and their craftsmanship is very high; they have the exact place of origin, or are passed down from generation to generation. It is well-written, beautifully made and well-preserved, and can be used as a standard for dating; it has been used by important historical figures in the past dynasties or has a high inscription value; it is a representative work of famous craftsmen of the past dynasties.

12. Oracle bones: The recorded contents are of particularly important historical value. The tortoise shells and animal bones are relatively complete; the engraved characters are exquisite or unique and can play a role in dating.

13. Seals, seals and talismans: Official and private seals, seals, mud seals and talismans of particularly important value; masterpieces of the main schools or main representatives of seal cutting in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

14. Coins: Coins, coin models and banknote versions of past dynasties that occupy a particularly important position in the history of Chinese coin development and are of particularly important value.

15. Tooth bone horn ware that is of specific age and has particularly important value in the history of sculpture art; that reflects the characteristics and development history of national craftsmanship; representative works of famous craftsmen or artists in various periods, as well as ivory with a long history products.

16. Bamboo and wood carvings are of special value and have a unique style in the history of bamboo and wood carvings. They can be used as a standard for chronology; they are exquisitely made and have a very high level of craftsmanship; they are representative works of famous craftsmen or artists. .

17. Furniture Wooden furniture and exquisite artifacts before the Yuan Dynasty (including the Yuan Dynasty); furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was made and shaped from precious woods such as huanghuali, rosewood, chicken wing wood, iron pear, and ebony. Beautiful, well-preserved, sophisticated craftsmanship; well-made painted furniture from the Ming and Qing Dynasties; furniture used by celebrities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times or with great historical value.

Eighteen. Enamel: Enamel products with a precise era, distinctive characteristics, and high levels of shape, decoration, glaze color, and craftsmanship.

19. The era and origin of weaving and embroidery are accurate; typical objects of different weaving and embroidery varieties with particularly important value that can represent the level of craftsmanship in a historical period; those with bright colors, exquisite patterns and typical characteristics of the era ; A representative work of a famous weaving and embroidery craftsman.

20. Rare ancient books, stele stickers, manuscripts, and printed copies from before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts and manuscripts of great value in a certain subject field written or edited by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the Ming and Qing dynasties. ; Ming and Qing printed editions (including engravings, movable type editions, printed editions with exquisite prints, and color overprints) and manuscripts that are distinctive in terms of book content, engraving level, paper, printing, binding, etc.; there are famous scholars and book collections from the Ming and Qing Dynasties The family approves the printed copies and manuscripts with inscriptions and postscripts, and the content of the inscriptions and postscripts has important academic material value.

21. Stele rubbings: Rubbings of stele rubbings before the Yuan Dynasty; complete rubbings and rare rubbings from the Ming Dynasty; fine copies of initial rubbings; the originals are important and have been lost, and the rubbings from the Qing or Qing Dynasty have rarely been circulated. Modern rubbings; precise rubbings and calligraphy from the Ming and Qing Dynasties; rubbings from the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty with important inscriptions and postscripts by famous figures of all dynasties.

22. Weapons: In the history of weapons development, weapons that can represent the level of ordnance in a historical stage; used in important battles or important events; weapons of particularly important value used by famous figures in the past dynasties.

Twenty-three. Stamps: Stamps and stamps that reflect the postal history of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, and the Liberated Areas, are in rare stock, and have particularly important value since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

24. Documents and publicity materials reflect major historical events, are important in content, and are of special significance. Official documents or document manuscripts; leaflets, slogans, posters, bonuses, and good news; badges, medals, and commemorative medals. wait.

25. Archival documents reflect the social production relations, economic system, political system and changes in land, population and territory from a certain aspect, as well as major historical events and the deeds of important historical figures. Among the official archives and folk documents such as inscriptions, memorials, edicts, maps, census records, land and grain records, red and white contracts, documents, and letters, they are of particularly important value.

Twenty-six. Celebrity Relics Manuscripts and letters of particularly important value belonging to the late famous leader of the Communist Party of China, famous leaders of various democratic parties, famous patriotic overseas Chinese leaders, and famous social activists. , inscriptions, inscriptions, etc. and supplies of special significance.

Note: Examples of the grading standards for second- and third-level cultural relics can be derived from the examples of the grading standards for first-level cultural relics.