Who can tell me something about the tropical rain forest?

Tropical rain forest is a common forest ecosystem near the equator, mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, northern Australia, Amazon River basin in South America, Congo River basin in Africa, Central America and many Pacific islands.

tropical rainforest

Tropical rain forest is the most resistant and stable ecosystem on the earth, with hot climate all year round, abundant rainfall, insignificant seasonal differences and rapid succession of biological communities, and it is the habitat of more than half of the world's animal and plant species.

The tropical rain forest is undoubtedly one of the most precious resources that the earth gives to all living things on earth. At present, more than 25% of modern drugs are extracted from rainforest plants, so the rainforest is called "the largest pharmacy in the world". At the same time, because many rainforest plants have a particularly strong ability to purify the earth's air through photosynthesis, the oxygen produced by Amazon rainforest alone accounts for 1/3 of the global total oxygen, so it has the reputation of "the lungs of the earth".

The main function of tropical rain forest is to regulate the climate, prevent soil erosion, purify the air, and ensure the orderly circulation of materials in the earth's biosphere.

1. Climatic characteristics In areas where tropical rainforests are distributed, the annual rainfall is very large, usually higher than 1800 mm, and in some places it reaches 3500 mm. The annual rainfall is evenly distributed and humid all the year round, and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%. The average annual precipitation exceeds 2032 mm, which exceeds the annual evaporation. There is no obvious seasonal change here. The temperature is generally around 30℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night.

Geographical location Tropical rainforests are mainly distributed in the jungle areas of South America, Asia and Africa, and most of them are located between 23.5 degrees north latitude and 23.5 degrees south latitude (that is, the area between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer). In tropical rain forests, there are usually three to five layers of vegetation, and trees as high as 150- 180 feet are covered like tents. The density of lower vegetation depends on the degree to which sunlight penetrates the upper trees. The more sunlight, the greater the density.

Thirdly, the terrain of the rainforest area is complex and diverse, ranging from lowland plains dotted with rocky hills to plateau canyons with streams. The terrain has created a variety of rainforest landscapes. In the forest, quiet pools, swift streams and waterfalls can be seen everywhere; Towering trees, winding vines and lush flowers interweave into a green maze.

4. Soil types Typical soils developed under tropical evergreen rainforests are latosol and red soil with ashing phenomenon. The former is distributed in areas with high terrain, good drainage and little rainy season, while the latter is mainly distributed in areas with abundant precipitation, closed forests and lack of herbaceous vegetation in each season.

5. Evergreen forest biome naturally formed in warm and rainy tropical areas is rich in thick-stemmed lianas, woody and herbaceous epiphytes. The superior and stable environment provides the best conditions for the survival and development of thousands of biological species. Tropical rainforests mainly grow in tropical humid lowlands with an annual average temperature above 24℃, or the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃. The temperature is generally around 30℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night.

In terms of climate types, a certain number of tropical rain forests can be formed in tropical rain forest climate, tropical maritime climate and tropical monsoon climate, and the tropical rain forest formed in tropical rain forest climate is the most typical.

Due to the formation conditions of tropical rain forest is high temperature and rainy, in addition to the equatorial region, there are non-zonal factors:

The causes of the tropical rain forest on the east side of Madagascar are as follows: the east side is located on the windward slope, and the southeast trade winds bring abundant precipitation; Mozambique is warm and humid.

The causes of the tropical monsoon forest in the southwest of China and Indochina Peninsula are: the southwest monsoon from the northern Indian Ocean and the southeast monsoon from the western Pacific Ocean.

The main function of intransitive verbs The tropical rain forest is the region with the richest animal species on the earth. Rich plant species provide food and habitat for various animals.

Tropical rain forest can provide a lot of wood and precious economic plants, maintain great biodiversity, and play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and preventing environmental degradation. The tropical rain forest is rich in rain, poor in soil and fierce in competition among species. Once the forest is destroyed, it will cause soil erosion, lead to environmental deterioration and be difficult to recover. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the tropical rain forest, which has become an important issue of universal concern to all countries in the world.

The dense trees in the rainforest can absorb carbon dioxide and release a lot of oxygen during photosynthesis, just like a large-scale "air purifier" on the earth, so the tropical rainforest has the reputation of "the lungs of the earth".

In addition, the tropical rain forest is rich in water vapor, which condenses into clouds after evaporation and then rains, becoming an important part of the earth's water cycle; It not only contributes to soil fertility and biological growth, but also has the function of regulating climate.