How to distinguish true and false seeds and what should be paid attention to when buying seeds

Distinguishing authenticity from seed label and packaging appearance

1, see if there is any rice seed description or variety introduction. Its contents should include suitable planting areas, characteristics and cultivation measures. It is best not to buy without instructions and variety introduction to prevent being cheated.

2. Look at the label. The label shall indicate the seed category, variety name, place of origin, quality index, quarantine certificate number, seed production and operation license number or import and export approval number, and the contents marked on the label shall be consistent with the seeds sold.

(two) from the physical and chemical properties of seeds to identify true and false.

1. Look at the uniformity: the hybrid seeds mixed with other rice have irregular grain types. For example, the seeds mixed with the male parent or other indica rice seeds are obviously thinner and fuller than the hybrid seeds, and the japonica rice seeds are more round.

2. Look at the color of the chaff: the chaff of the hybrid is slightly uneven and has physiological variegated colors such as yellow brown, while the colors of the seeds such as the male parent and the maintainer line are relatively consistent. The grain transparency of maintainer lines and other hybrid plants is higher than that of hybrid seeds, and the chaff is smoother than that of hybrid seeds.

3, moisture identification: bite with teeth, fingers twist. Take a rice seed and bite it with your teeth. The particles are broken and the stubble is flat. The water content of this seed is generally about 13%. If there is no crushing sound or uneven nodules, the water content of seeds is generally higher than 13%.

4. Purity identification: Generally, when the seeds are visually inspected, soilless particles and sand particles are inserted into the seed pile or seed bag by hand, and there are no impurities such as dust on the fingers and the back of the hand when they are pulled out. At this time, the purity of seeds is generally around 97%.

5. Identification of germination rate: 200 seeds were randomly taken and soaked in warm water at 30°C for 24 hours, and the water was changed every 6 hours. After soaking the seeds, disinfect the gauze bag with boiling water of 100 C. After cooling, put100 seeds into the bag and hang them tightly in an open bottle with velvet tape. Seeds can't be soaked in water, but they should be close to the water surface. The temperature in the boiled water bottle should be kept at 25-30 C, and the germination rate can be seen within 5-7 days. The standard is that the root grows one grain and the bud grows half a grain. Under normal circumstances, the germination rate of seeds shall not be less than 80%. 6. Identification of aged seeds: the seed coat is bright in color, the shell is yellow, the embryo is full and plump, and it is moist and greenish when digging the embryo. This seed is a new variety with strong vitality; On the contrary, the seed coat is dull, dark brown and dry, and the vitality of this seed is weak. All new species have no empty shells, dung (food powder) and insect coats, but the old species have a lot of signs of chaff, broken grains and insect coats, and the proportion of old species is lower than that of new species.

7. Observe the focus. The husk of rice seeds is dark brown or has irregular pockmarks and lumps, which belong to infected seeds. If the seeds infected with rice blast have dark brown patches on their surfaces, the uninfected seeds have no symptoms.

8. Observe the embryo. High-quality rice seeds have smooth and shiny appearance and full embryos. When twisted by hand, the embryo is wet and green, while the embryo of inferior rice seeds is dark and shriveled.

The above methods for identifying fake and inferior seeds can only make a preliminary judgment on fake and inferior seeds. If we want to make a qualitative judgment on the quality of a certain seed, we can only make a correct qualitative judgment by taking samples and sending them to qualified seed inspection and testing institutions for inspection.

Three, several problems should be paid attention to when buying seeds:

1, the reputation of the business unit.

2, the authenticity of the packaging label. All commercial hybrid rice should be packaged, each batch of seeds should have a seed quality certificate, and the packaging should be labeled. Don't buy or sell bulk seeds.

3. Technical consultation. There are many varieties of crops. When purchasing, you should consult the relevant units, especially the new varieties, ask about the characteristics, characteristics and cultivation techniques of the varieties, and ask for information such as variety introduction, and carefully check whether the purchased seeds are correct varieties. When buying new varieties or varieties that have never been planted, we must consult the agricultural scientific research department under uncertain circumstances to prevent illegal traders from manipulating the market and profiteering in the name of farmers trusting new varieties of science and technology.

4. Ask for an invoice. When buying seeds, don't forget to ask the business unit (household) for the invoice, and keep it properly with the packaging, labels and bills. If there is a problem with the seed quality, it should be reported to the business unit (household) or relevant departments (such as agricultural departments) in time, and the seed purchase invoice can be used as evidence for the relevant departments to deal with the problem.