Urgent junior high school questions! ! ! ! !

1. Overall grasp

This essay expresses the author's regret for the fate of the big tree by describing a story of a big tree that has benefited mankind for many years and was eventually felled by mankind. As well as deep thoughts and deep emotions about the pros and cons of the development of urban civilization and the relationship between man and nature. The author objectively narrates the story of the big tree in the third person, and tries to be restrained and subtle in his expressions, making the article meaningful and readers can read the author's thoughts and feelings between the lines. The following will make some analysis from the aspects of the text's main purpose, thinking and organization, and language features.

The full text is roughly divided into three parts.

The first part (from the opening to "centimeter by centimeter outward"): Describes the early big trees. In this part, the author writes about the big tree's image, experience and "friendliness" to humans. In summary, three aspects of content are written. The big tree has a strange appearance: it is old and rickety, but solid and stable, dense and lush, which is what it looks like at first glance; it has a moldy black and moist cortex, with raised tendons and longitudinal cracks, and the tree body looks like it is made of pig iron. , this is what it looks like when you take a closer look. The big tree lives in a special environment: standing on the side of a muddy road, surrounded by several old-fashioned bungalows, a dilapidated and desolate scene, far away from modern civilization. Big trees have great merits for mankind: they stood firm in the face of raging typhoons without even a single leaf falling, becoming an example for the world of life to defy and resist typhoons; some people go to the hole in the tree to insert a stick of incense to pray for peace and gain Psychological comfort; in the hot summer, it opens thousands of palms and fingers to hold the sun, providing shade and tranquility to pedestrians, and a place for birds to shelter; at night, it gives lovers a warm feeling; it can also "measure every centimeter by centimeter" "The earth expands the shade area outwards, nourishing more soil around it and bringing more benefits to mankind." In short, the big tree has an extraordinary appearance and is actually a rare thing in the world. It also represents an ancient pastoral scenery and a peaceful and serene spirit. The big tree understands human nature and respects human feelings. It does not benefit oneself but only benefits others. There is even a certain kind of special divinity that has been quietly and silently protecting mankind since ancient times.

The second part (from "But, there is something else in this world" to "Looking at God under the stars"): Describe the recent big trees. In this part, we can see the negative impact of modern civilization on the survival of big trees, causing irreconcilable contradictions between human development and natural environment protection. First, I wrote about the conflict between the big tree and the external environment. High-voltage lines, apartments, highways, buses, taxis... came one after another. The ancient pastoral scenery of the big tree territory was gone forever, and the big tree itself was submerged in the billowing yellow dust and the anxious and angry horns. , "That piece of clear shade is no longer useful", which means that people actually question the necessity of the existence of the big tree. Secondly, it writes about Dashu’s inner conflicts. The author assumes that the big tree has feelings, consciousness, soul, and temperament, so it triggers the big tree's deep introspection. On the one hand, the big tree knows that it will face the fate of being killed sooner or later, but on the other hand, it is impossible to migrate and escape. It can only "die" in the soil, "living green and dying green". But even so, the big tree still contributed silently. Surrounded by layers of dead fish-like gray and white, even its roots were crushed into the gray by the steamroller. It still showed verdant green and deep green after the rain. ; In the drizzle, which is lighter than a cat's steps, there is a poetic sentiment brewing, "risking one's life to cover the lost land and making a futile and useless contribution." From this, we can see that in addition to the spirit of selfless dedication, Dashu also has the character of enduring humiliation and being open-minded.

The third part (from "On this day, a drunk driver" to the end): Describe the current big tree. Previously, there was a general description of the big tree; in this part, the article turns to a specific description. The author made a key description of the final fate of the big tree and implicitly expressed his resentment. This is the focus of the whole text. It roughly writes about four things: first, a drunk driver got into an accident, second, a chainsaw felled a tree, third, a scavenger woman told the story of the Ant Kingdom, and fourth, digging tree roots and leveling the road. These things themselves have implicit tendencies and thoughts. First of all, these things seem to be related and have a logical relationship, but the last three things actually come from the accident of a drunk driving a car, which seems quite funny and unreasonable, and we can understand the author's critical attitude. Secondly, a chainsaw cutting down a big tree that is close to humans and treats them kindly goes against the heart of humanity. "The chainsaw bit off the ankle bones of the tree, chewed them up, and sprinkled a ring of white bone meal." Such a description is really true. It is too tragic to look at; it is told through the mouth of a Taoist woman that the ants have moved to the country, and "they came to attend the funeral of the tree." It is full of tragic atmosphere, and the compassion can also be seen from the animal kingdom.

The compassion of the animal kingdom is also the compassion of the author. This situation and scene do not need to be specifically pointed out, the reader can understand the meaning, but the tendentious words and sentences in the article can better express the author's intention and the purpose of the article, which means that the author cannot help but express his anger and sorrow. Although the emotion is expressed implicitly, for example, the sawing of the tree is described as a "massacre", the person sawing the tree is described as a "executioner", etc.

This article is narrated in the order of Dashu's life experience, focusing on description and narration, with little discussion. The characteristics of this idea and writing style are worthy of careful appreciation. There are many things that can be said about big trees. The article only describes the situations in which big trees are beneficial to human beings and the situations in which they are felled by human beings. It is written from two contradictory aspects, which has profound implications. It is narrated in time, and the farther back it is. The simpler the description, the more recent the description, the more detailed it is; placing the specific image description of the big tree earlier in the article is intended to give readers a clear and overall impression first; some legends are interspersed in the middle to enrich the story. The content of the article adds to the interest; the early, recent and current paragraphs about big trees all have obvious language signs, that is, there is a "but" transition at the beginning of the second part, indicating another opposite or contradictory situation. The situation will be narrated, with a natural transition from the early big trees to the recent big trees. The beginning of the third part says "On this day, a drunk driver..." indicates that a specific event will be narrated, by writing about the recent big trees. The tree naturally transitions to the big tree of the present; the article ends with: "Now, the sun and the moon are shining brightly, and the road is like a stone. No one knows that there has been such a tree, and no one knows that thousands of broken roots are pressed down by layers of stones. Suffocated under another layer of asphalt." It ends with a narration, without any discussion, as if it is "plain", but there is a deep meaning in the "blandness", and there is a faint emotion of sadness, resentment and resentment. In short, the article is narrated in the order of Dashu's life experience because Dashu's experience is inherently touching and thought-provoking.

The language characteristics of this article are vivid, sophisticated and concise. There are many vivid and lively descriptions of scenery, which have become the "highlights" of the article. For example, when writing about the shape of a big tree, "the top of the tree is as dense as a newly exploded fireworks." The metaphor is very strange, with a strong sense of image and movement, and it is definitely not It can be done by novices in literature; and like the big tree written in the Queen of Night, "The drizzle is lighter than a cat's steps. It falls into the leaves and merges into bits and pieces that ring on the road. It reveals the secret. It is very wet and very wet." "Poetic" is completely poetic language. "Drizzle is lighter than a cat's steps" can be described as a stroke of genius. It writes the real image of drizzle and the author's unique feeling. The author has good literary and language skills. He loves to use classical Chinese to express new ideas, such as "the stars are shining in thousands of households, the sky is solemn", "the sun and the moon are brilliant, and the way is like a stone", etc., all of which the author uses classical Chinese and adds his own sentence-making skills to express A brand-new statement of thoughts and feelings; another example is describing the fate of a tree, "Ah, ah, the tree has no feet. The tree is a hereditary aborigine and a victim of spring mud. When the tree is separated from its roots, and the roots are separated from the soil, the tree will be destroyed." "Everything is predetermined, and everything has a tacit understanding first, no more words." Such short sentences are everywhere, and they use simple language to express rich and implicit thoughts and feelings.

2. Problem Research

1. What is the author's intention?

In general, the author seems to be expressing a thought or feeling, that is, the fate of the big tree has triggered his deep thinking and emotion. The author's destiny seems simple on the surface, but it is actually quite complex. The author believes that man and nature should exist in harmony, and human development should not be at the expense of the environment. As the relevant information in the textbook says: "Civilization has cut down the jungle, but built buildings that never see the sun; civilization drives away Poisonous snakes and ferocious beasts create urban tigers; civilization eliminates miasma and plague, but spreads atomic dust; civilization eliminates parasites in the human body, but replaces them with harmful pigments and preservatives..." This is obviously a question on the development of human civilization, It can be used as an important reference for us to understand the topic of the text. In this way, it is easy to give people the impression that the author is against human civilization and advocates returning to the past pastoral life era. In fact, the author's mind is not simply obsessed with one line of thought, but looks at things dialectically. In other words, he has a deep understanding of the two sides of human civilization.

Let’s look at what he said in the same article quoted above: “With his most outstanding talents, the most arduous struggle, and the longest process, mankind has broken out of the wilderness and grasped civilization. Do you regret it now? No, we must No regrets. Human seedlings will no longer die in large numbers from pneumonia and scarlet fever. There is nothing to regret. Human beings can complete a journey that they could never finish in a lifetime in one day and establish a career all over the world. There is nothing to regret. Human beings can complete a journey in one day. After completing the work that could not be done in ten years, and improving life in all aspects, there is nothing to regret. To deal with the disasters caused by civilization is to use further civilization, not to deny civilization!" It seems that the author is only opposed to the development of civilization. The negative impact is mainly a positive attitude towards the progress of civilization.

2． How many places in the article cite the legends of people in the place where the story takes place, and what role do they play in the article?

This article is mainly narrated by the author in the third person as omniscient and omnipotent, but there are several quotes from others, namely: "And it is said that not even a leaf fell", "It is said that when this Before new apartments were built in the area..." There are two other places where women say something, which is equivalent to "it is said". One is "an old lady who lives next to the tree said that she heard something from the old tree. Sigh", and in another place the scavenger woman "said in a testimonial tone that she had never seen so many ants before, it must be an ant country." Generally speaking, looking at the content of these quotations, they all have the following characteristics: first, the matter is uncertain, and perhaps the author heard it through hearsay; second, the matter is strange, and the direct description is afraid that readers will not believe it, such as "There is not even a leaf." "Fall off", how is that possible? The third is to take advantage of the uncertainty of the cited events, so that you can write freely and express your feelings to your heart's content. For example, the author expressed many deep feelings about the rumors about the Taoist woman. These quoted legends play a role in enriching the content of the article and deepening the theme.

3. How to understand things in "Ant Country"?

This is also a legend the author quoted from local people. It is difficult to determine whether it is true or false. This is the strangest thing in the article, giving it a fantasy feel. The author describes the events in the "Ant Kingdom" in detail and speculates that his intentions are: 1. Animals and plants have the ability to predict and are more inspired than humans; 2. Create a tragic atmosphere to show that there is friendship in the world of animals and plants, and Human beings are sometimes extremely unloving, in stark contrast. The author writes about this matter with respect, and there is affection between the lines, such as "The old tree is psychic. It predicts being cut down and tells the parasites in its body its disaster first." This allows people to see the sorrow and sadness of the old tree. Compassionate; "So the weak but persevering people decided to go on an expedition, just as they came from the expedition." It is obviously respectful to recognize the ant nation as a nation, just like human beings.

Exercise instructions

1. Read the text emotionally, talk about the value and character of the tree, and what fate it encountered in the end; about the tree, the author and the traffic expert expressed What do you think of the completely opposite attitude? Please discuss this.

This question requires you to grasp the ideological content of the text as a whole through emotional reading and serious thinking, grasp the main theme of the text, discuss it with your classmates, and express your personal opinions.

The tree has stood for a long time, witnessing the vicissitudes of the earth, giving people a sense of distant history; it has remained "unscathed" in the face of natural disasters, and seems to be an ancient and lush banner of life; in the end Importantly, it greens the earth, shelters birds, and protects humans. It is only willing to give, never ask for anything, and selflessly contributes, which shows its noble character; it also has the function of predicting its own destiny, and it must protect itself when facing killing. Let the ant citizens in your body migrate to show a kind of love.

There are two contrasting meanings in this title. One is that the tree has a noble character and is of great value to mankind, but it suffered a tragic fate; the other is that the author has deep feelings for the tree and believes that the tree is a great tree. The value and character of trees, however, are considered by traffic experts to be harmful rather than beneficial.

2. Savor the following sentences and discuss the questions in brackets.

This question is designed to train the ability to figure out key sentences and cultivate a sense of language. Answering these questions should be based on the context and even the context of the entire text.

1. Asphalt roads are laid out mile after mile, high-voltage lines are laid out one thousand yards and one thousand yards apart, and apartment buildings are laid out row after row. Everything that had grown naturally on the ground was removed and uprooted.

(What does this have to do with the tree extending its roots "centimeter by centimeter"? What attitude does the author express?)

"Spreading every mile" "Come over" and "come over with a thousand yards and a thousand yards frame", they come very quickly, but "stretch out centimeter by centimeter", they move very slowly. In contrast, the growth and development of life in nature is extremely slow, and Human civilization develops extremely rapidly. All species in nature are extremely fragile in the face of human destructive development, which is a serious asymmetry. The development and utilization of nature is sometimes a good thing, but sometimes it is a bad thing. It may artificially cause ecological imbalance in nature. The author did not directly express similar thoughts, but we can figure out his psychology and should be able to understand the above meaning.

2． So the day came. The chainsaw bit off the tree's ankle bone, chewed it up, and sprinkled a ring of white bone meal. The tree merely groaned as it fell.

(How do you feel when you read the words "bite", "bone meal" and "moan"? Find a few similar words from the text to taste.)

"Bite", "bone meal" and "moan" are all descriptive and visual words, reproducing a picture of humans slaughtering natural life. "Bite" gives people a visual feeling, "bone meal" appeals to vision, and "moans" appeals to hearing, all of which give people a feeling of pain and sorrow. Originally, these words should not be used in this situation, but the author is creative and deliberately uses these words to describe the scene and express his resentment towards the tree feller, so they have a special meaning in this special context. Strong emotional color.

There are other words similar to this expression of resentment, such as the penultimate paragraph, "In order to cut off this big head full of beards", "The executioner got close to it and made a trap." , "cut off all the arteries and veins" and "no one knew that thousands of broken roots were suffocated under layers of stones, asphalt, and asphalt."

3. The old tree is psychic. It predicts its fate and tells the parasites in its body about its disaster. So the weak but persevering people decided to go on an expedition, just as they had come on the expedition. After each black fighter leaves the nest, he first walks around the tree trunk to express his reluctance to leave.

(Imagine the scene of "reluctance" and talk about what the ant and the tree told each other and why the author wanted to describe this special phenomenon.)

The ant and the tree What is said to each other can be freely imagined by the students themselves, and creative imagination is encouraged. As for why the author describes this special phenomenon, you can refer to the question "How to understand things in the 'Ant Kingdom'" in the text description.

3. The most pleasing color on the earth is green. The largest living group standing on the earth is the forest. But today, the green in many places is gradually being swallowed up... If you are a tree, You have heard and witnessed your "brothers and sisters" falling continuously. What do you have to say to human beings?

This question is designed to educate students on emotions, attitudes and values ??in conjunction with the text. This is a Chinese language exercise, but it goes beyond the scope of Chinese language and rises to the level of Chinese language education. To answer this question, you can stick to the text, or you can put aside the text and talk about your personal feelings. The combination of instrumental and humanistic nature of this question is reflected in: first, the question is derived from the text, and the scope of the answer should involve the text but also transcend the text; second, the answer must rely on association and imagination, aiming to cultivate students in this aspect This kind of thinking training is both Chinese and general thinking training; third, the answer should be full of emotion, and should not just pursue the accuracy of thinking and the accuracy of language.