[City Park Research Report] Park Landscape Research Report

City Park Research Report

People often say, "There is heaven above, and Suzhou and Hangzhou below" and "Suzhou gardens are the best in the world", and this time we went to visit during the National Day holiday. Suzhou gardens have created world civilization.

In Suzhou gardens, in addition to split scenes, separated scenes, and borrowed scenes, there are also framed scenes, mirrored scenes, reflected scenes, etc. Making use of door openings to frame the view; the wall-facing pavilion in Yiyuan, Suzhou, was in a cramped situation, so a large mirror was hung up, and the rockery and snail temple pavilion on the opposite side were included in the mirror to expand the realm. This is

mirror borrowing, That is, a mirror scene; a pool is built in the garden to reflect the surrounding scenery. This is a mirror scene, also called a mirror scene.

Where the mountains and rivers end, there is a twist and a break

It is open and bright, this is virtual reality

Reality; if there is a door along the wall, it is not real

< p> The open area is reflected by bamboo, stone and banana.

This is reality but there is emptiness. Suzhou Garden

Pavilions, pavilions and suites in the forest

Corridors, stone mountains stacked to create momentum

Pools, small in size, large in size< /p>

Small, there is emptiness within reality, reality within emptiness, some hidden or exposed, some deep or others

Frame scene techniques

Shallow, twists and turns, steps All techniques such as scene relocation, division, isolation, and borrowing of scenery are all aimed at creating an artistic conception in which things and myself blend together, so that people can not only appreciate the rich feelings of beauty, but also realize some deep-seated thoughts beyond perceptual cognition. Poetic and philosophical feeling. Today's Suzhou City has a modern atmosphere. Walking in the bustling Guanqian Street, where can there be a trace of silence? Walking through Ganjiang Road, how many people still remember the legend of the sword and sword?

(Qianjiang Moye and his wife became famous for forging famous swords.) Where else can you find the unique charm of the ancient city in Jiangnan today? However, when you inadvertently turn into an alley, going deeper and narrower, and among the twists and turns, suddenly there will be a deep house and compound standing quietly in front of you, and you can't help but step in and fall into its depths. . There are many courtyards with origins that are obvious at a glance in Suzhou. These are naturally the famous Suzhou gardens. Nowadays, there is an endless stream of people who admire the reputation of Suzhou gardens and come to see them. Perhaps Suzhou gardens need a heart that understands them rather than a bunch of noisy people and a bunch of words of praise. Even though her depth has been silent for thousands of years, why should we get to know and cherish her and treat her with care and affection?

Introverted and rounded, subtle and rich, the wind comes and the moon goes, the scenery of Suzhou gardens reveals thousands of romantic charms. How can it not make people fall in love at first sight and be ecstatic again and again?

The architecture in Suzhou gardens is also very sophisticated. There are endless names for pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, flower terraces, and buildings. So do you know what they mean? So let me tell you about it!

These are the architectural elements of classical Chinese gardens

1. Hall Hall is an independent building in the garden that is split from ancient single buildings. In ancient architecture, the hall is a room used for receptions, banquets, and ceremonies, and the hall is a single building

The central, sunny and spacious room is also a place for social activities. The hall is the main building in the garden. It is generally tall and has good viewing conditions and orientation. It is often the main body and composition center of the garden building.

2. Pavilion is a small-scale rest and reception hall, sometimes also used as the name of a building group, such as the Tingli Pavilion and Yiyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace.

3. Pavilion is a small open building, mostly made of bamboo, wood, stone and other materials. The plane is generally round, square, hexagonal, octagonal and fan-shaped, with a single roof on the top. There are many eaves, double eaves and pointed roofs. According to their location, there are bridge pavilions, road pavilions, well pavilions, corridor pavilions, etc. The largest one in the garden is the Corridor Pavilion on the east side of the Seventeen-Arch Bridge in the Summer Palace.

4. Platform A platform is an open-air building with a relatively flat surface. There can be no buildings on it, just for people to rest, watch, and entertain, or they can build buildings. The buildings based on the platform look majestic and tall. The platforms built on different landforms are called Tiantai (built on the top of the mountain), Tiaotai (built on the cliff), and Piaotai (built on the waterside).

5. Pavilion Pavilion is a high-rise building in the garden. It is generally larger in size and rich in shape.

The early building refers to a stack of two-story single buildings for residential use. As for the pavilion, the ground floor is vacant, and the main building is located on the upper floor, which is mostly used for enjoying the scenery. Later, multi-story halls that stored calligraphy and paintings or worshiped Buddha were also called pavilions, such as the Buddhist Incense Pavilion in the Summer Palace in Beijing.

6. Pavilions are buildings built near water or partially or entirely on the water, used for resting and enjoying water views.

7. Fangfang is a boat-shaped building imitating the shape of a boat and built on the

water of the garden.

It is used for people to play and hold banquets. , watch waterscapes, such as the "Xiangzhou" in the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, the "Qingyan Fang" in the Summer Palace in Beijing, etc.

8. Corridor is usually arranged between two buildings

objects or viewing points, and plays practical functions such as wind protection

shelter from rain and communication with traffic.

And it plays an important role in the development of landscape and

hierarchical organization in the garden. Judging from the shape of the cross section, the corridor can be divided into four types: double-sided empty corridor (transparent on both sides), single-sided empty corridor, and compound corridor (transparent on both sides). A wall is added in the middle of the empty corridor), and a double-layer corridor (upper and lower floors). Judging from the overall shape and location, it can be divided into straight corridors, curved corridors, cloisters, climbing corridors and bridge corridors.

9. Bridges, islands, and embankments are important elements in the composition of garden waterscapes. According to the shape of the bridge, there are arch bridges, flat bridges, pavilion bridges and covered bridges. The materials for building bridges are mostly stone, bamboo, wood, etc. The royal gardens in northern my country are mostly spectacular bridges, while the gardens in the south are mostly small and exquisite arch bridges.

Pavilion "Shi Ming" says: Pavilion means "stop"

It means a place for tourists to rest, enjoy the cool,

take shelter from the rain and enjoy the beautiful scenery around them. . Pavilions generally have no doors or windows, only a roof and no walls. They have the characteristics of facing the wind on all sides and being exquisite on eight sides. Its shapes are diverse and colorful, and its graceful and elegant image can add color to the landscape. The pavilion must be able to stand and enjoy the scenery in the garden. When it is sited, there must be unique beautiful scenery around it, and the viewing angle and viewing distance chosen are also the best, so the pavilion is known as the "eye of the garden" reputation. Since there must be beautiful scenery around the pavilion and it is a place for viewing, tourists often use the pavilion as a guide, and the pavilion also plays a role in organizing tours.

A corridor with a covered passage is called a corridor. The corridor is characterized by being long, narrow, smooth, curved and hollow. It is used to connect scenic spots and scenic spots. It is a building that both "introduces" and "views". Being long, narrow and smooth can inspire people to have a certain emotion of expectation and pursuit, and can achieve the purpose of "attracting people"; being curved and empty can allow you to enjoy the ever-changing scenery, because the scenery can change with each step. In addition, the columns also play a role in framing the scenery.

The open house by the waterside of the pavilion is grateful for the water. Its

Features: Set up a platform by the water. One

half extends into the water and half stands on the shore

. A pavilion-shaped building is built on it, with railings or beauties leaning between the columns.

The water side is particularly open. Sometimes the buildings on the platform are separated by whitewashed walls with leaky windows and floor-to-ceiling covers with round holes in the inner circle, and a cloister on the outer circle. The surrounding facades are open, simple and light, making it a place for people to rest and watch the scenery by the water. Great place. The main function of a waterside pavilion is to decorate the waterscape for tourists to enjoy the waterscape. It is also often used as a teahouse during tourism. On the one hand, visitors can rest and cool down here, and on the other hand, they can also

sip tea and enjoy the scenery. , does more than one thing, so it’s an ideal place to stop and enjoy the water views.

Water has a gentle and lively character. With water in the garden, the scenery becomes more charming, poetic and picturesque. At the waterside, the skylight and cloud shadows, wave reflections, swimming fish and lotus flowers, glow and moonlight shadows... are all important contents for viewing, and they can give people a beautiful enjoyment.

Mr. Jin Xuezhi summarized the beauty of water in "Chinese Garden Aesthetics" as: the beauty of cleanliness, the beauty of emptiness, the beauty of flow, and the beauty of writing. According to his analysis, the clean beauty of water not only has the material cleaning function of moistening, cooling, and purifying the environment, but also shows the spiritual cleaning function of washing the spirit, clarifying the mind, cultivating the temperament, and purifying the soul; the virtual beauty of water not only It expresses the beauty of water clarity and crystal transparency, and what is reflected in the reflection is both real and illusory.

It seems real but imaginary, the sky lights up and down, and the beauty of the ethereal spirit is uncertain; the beauty of the flow of water is not only reflected in the lively flowing state that reaches the sky and touches the earth, but also in the gurgling sound that is like talking to people and playing music for them; The beauty of the article about water is concentrated in Su Xun's description of the encounter between Feng and Shui, and the various strange phenomena when the wind blows and the water flows. These constitute the beauty of Wenlan embroidery in various forms on the water.

The hall is the main building in the garden and is often the layout center of the whole garden. It is the essence of the country and the place where all the scenery gathers. The functions of the hall are mostly used for gatherings, banquets, and viewing the scenery. Its multiple functions are integrated into one. Therefore, the characteristics of the hall are: tall shape, spacious space, exquisite decoration, and rich furnishings. Generally, there are doors and windows in the front, rear or all around, so that you can quietly watch the beautiful scenery outside the garden. Halls can be divided into four-sided halls and mandarin duck halls. The main halls are mostly four-sided halls. In order to facilitate viewing, there are often no closed walls around, but large-area partitions, floor-to-ceiling windows, and cloisters around them. Yuanyang Hall uses a screen or cover to divide the interior into two parts, the front and back parts. The decoration and furnishings at the front and back also have their own characteristics. The advantage of the Yuanyang Hall

is that one hall can be used for two purposes at the same time. For example, it can be used for celebrations and for entertaining guests, or as the seasons change, the appropriate location can be chosen to entertain guests and sit down. In addition, the flower halls for lotus viewing and the halls for fish watching are mostly built near the water. There is usually a platform in front of them, so that viewers can freely choose their targets on the platform and enjoy the sightseeing.

The hall is often laid out in a closed courtyard, with only doors and windows on the front. It is the living place of the garden owner. Generally speaking, different halls have different functions. For example, in Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai, Sansui Hall is used for receiving guests, Dianchun Hall is used for banquets and watching plays, and Yuhua Hall is a study room. Therefore, the functions of each hall depend on the specific situation and are not the same as each other.

Zhai means fasting, and its environment is generally deep and secluded.

Quiet, its style is mostly simple and elegant, with elegance.

In an extremely vulgar way, Zhai is in the garden. Most of them are used for meditation, reading

books and resting.

Pavilions are similar to pavilions and are also small buildings that serve as starting points in classical gardens. The difference between a pavilion and a pavilion is that there are simple tables, chairs and other furnishings in the pavilion for visitors to rest. Generally speaking, pavilions in gardens are mostly gathering places for poets and poets. They require a quiet environment, simple shapes, and use traditional calligraphy and painting. , plaques and couplet embellishments can give people a subtle and elegant taste. The pavilion is also mostly used for enjoying the scenery.

It is a boat-shaped building on the waterside or in the water. It is divided into three sections at the front and rear. The front cabin is higher, the middle cabin is slightly lower, and a two-story building is built in the back cabin for climbing and overlooking. There is a flat bridge at the front end connected to the shore, imitating a springboard for boarding a ship. Because the boat cannot be moved, it is also called the untied boat. Being in the water brings people closer to the water, and being immersed in it makes people feel like they are rippling in the water. It is a place for people to rest, enjoy, and have banquets in the garden. However, this kind of building has special significance in the creation of artistic conception of Chinese garden art. We know that boats were the main means of transportation in ancient Jiangnan, but since Zhuangzi said, "The incompetent have nothing to ask for." , full of food and invited to travel, floating with no ties." After that, fat became a symbol of the ancient literati's seclusion in the rivers and lakes, indicating that the owner of the garden lived in seclusion in the rivers and lakes, and no matter what politics. Therefore, it is often a building for the owner of the garden to express his feelings, and is suitable for living in seclusion. Because in ancient times, a considerable number of scholars were frustrated in their official careers and dissatisfied with real life. They often wanted to escape from the world and enjoy themselves in the mountains and rivers. Most of their leisurely wanderings were It would be fun to buy a boat and go thousands of miles in a day, boating among the mountains and rivers. Therefore, Fang often means seclusion in gardens, but Fang also has different meanings on different occasions. For example, Suzhou Lion Forest was originally the back garden of a Buddhist temple, so the Fang in the garden means to save all living beings. As for the stone boat in the Summer Palace, according to the words of Tang and Wei Zheng: "Water can carry a boat, and it can also overturn a boat." Since the stone boat can never be capsized, it means that the country will be forever solidified. The boat on the rockery in the inner garden of Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai can be interpreted as "this is a fairyland on earth".

Picturesque Suzhou gardens would not be complete without the matching of colorful plant scenery. Therefore, plants are also very important in Suzhou gardens. In the gardens I visited, each courtyard usually has its own symbol or main plant named after it. For example, the Geyuan Garden in Yangzhou is named because there are many bamboos in the garden.

If some courtyards are called Plum Garden, they will be dotted with plum trees. If they are called Tingyuxuan, there will be bananas all green, slim and graceful, with graceful shadows. Whitewashed walls. The Three Friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo, chrysanthemum, orchids, plum blossoms, etc. are the favorites of literati. They not only decorate the garden, but also show the noble integrity of the owner. A section of pink wall, a shadow, a gust of wind. Against the background of the pink wall, the bluestone becomes more rugged, the bamboo branches become more delicate, the willow smoke becomes more elegant, the tips of the green maple leaves reveal a little bit of crimson; the new green is more tender Today, the dark green is darker, the peach red is more delicate, the chrysanthemum yellow is more peaceful, the bright camellia is more beautiful, and the white magnolia is enveloped in purple. White walls must also be matched with black tiles. Black and white must be distinct, and elegance can be refined. And on those steps, under the windows, under the eaves of the house corners, and along the roadside walls, the scenery in the garden will leave light shadows, leaving behind charming charm. The most fascinating thing is the reflection in the water. A clear pool contains all the pavilions, pavilions, trees and flowers.