What are the inventions of bionics? What are the inventions of bionics? Tell me!

Sonar-dolphin

In China, there have been examples of imitating creatures for a long time. It is said that in more than 3000 BC, our ancestors imitated birds to build nests in trees to resist the harm of wild animals. More than 4000 years ago, our ancestors "saw erigeron breviscapus and turned it into a car", that is, they saw erigeron breviscapus spinning with the wind, invented the wheel and made a car with wheels. From the architectural structure, the gate in front of the main hall of the ancient temple is quite like an elephant's figure, and the column is round and thick, like an elephant's leg.

The industrious and brave working people in ancient China had long had all kinds of wonderful fantasies about the blue sea, the blue sky and the soaring goshawk. According to the historical records of Qin and Han dynasties, our people invented kites more than two thousand years ago and applied them to military exchanges. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lu Ban, a craftsman of the State of Lu, first began to develop flying wooden birds. He was inspired by a kind of toothed grass leaf that can cut the skin and invented the saw. According to Duyang Miscellanies, there was a Han in the Tang Dynasty who said, "It is no different from truth to carve a wooden phoenix, crane, crow and magpie and drink and peck. When he was confined to his abdomen, he flew in the air, perhaps as high as 30 feet to 120 feet, but he began to descend. " In the Western Han Dynasty, it was enough to show that the working people in ancient China had carefully observed and studied the flapping and flying of birds, which was one of the earliest bionic design activities. The invention of a rocket weapon "Flying Crow with Divine Fire" in Ming Dynasty also reflects people's desire to learn from birds.

The imitation of aquatic animals-fish by the working people in ancient China was also fruitful. The ancients gained the freedom of water transportation by imitating fish living in water, chopping trees and chiseling boats, making fish-shaped hulls out of wood, and rowing and paddling after the pectoral fins and caudal fins of fish. Later, with the improvement of production level, the dragon boat appeared, which was influenced by many animals. How many rocket weapons were used in ancient water wars?

In the history of foreign civilization, it has also experienced a similar process. In ancient Greek mythology, which contains rich production knowledge, some people made wings out of feathers and wax and escaped from the maze. Thiel invented the saw, which is said to be inspired by the shape of the fish's back bone and the snake's palate bone. /kloc-In the 5th century, German astronomer Miller made iron flies and mechanical eagles and performed an air show.

Around о ο, Kelly, a British scientist and one of the founders of aerodynamics, imitated the spindle shape of trout and groundhog and found a streamlined structure with low resistance. Kelly also designed the wing curve by imitating the wings of birds, which greatly promoted the birth of aviation technology. At the same time, French physiologist Marley made a detailed study on the flight of birds. In his book Animals, he introduced the relationship between bird's weight and wing area. Helmholtz, a German, also found that the weight of flying animals is directly proportional to the linear cube of the body. Helmholtz's research pointed out the limitations of the size of flying objects. Through careful study and careful imitation of bird flying organs, according to the principle of bird flying mechanism, people finally made a glider capable of manned flight.

Later, the designer designed the boom of the excavator according to the posture of the crane. During World War I, people got inspiration from the wild boar who survived the gas war and designed a gas mask by imitating the nose of the wild boar. What principle does a submarine use to float and sink flexibly in the ocean? Although we have no evidence to investigate whether the submarine designer consulted the opinions of the biological community when designing the submarine, it is not difficult to imagine that the designer must know that the swim bladder is an important organ used by fish to change their body proportion with water, so that they can rise and fall in the water. Frog is an amphibian. Sports workers have carefully studied the frog's movement posture in the water and summed up a set of labor-saving and fast swimming movements-breaststroke. In addition, fins made for divers,

Flies and spaceships

Nasty flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand space cause, but bionics closely connects them.

Flies are notorious "smelly things", and they can be seen everywhere. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell, and can smell the smell thousands of meters away. But flies don't have noses. What does it rely on to act as a sense of smell? It turns out that the nose and smell receptors of flies are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.

Each "nose" has only one "nostril" communicating with the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If the smell enters the "nostrils", these nerves will immediately convert the smell stimulus into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish substances with different smells according to different nerve electrical impulses generated by substances with different smells. Therefore, the fly's antenna is like a sensitive gas analyzer.

Inspired by this, bionics successfully imitated a very strange small gas analyzer according to the structure and function of the olfactory organs of flies. The probe of this instrument is not metal, but a living fly. A very slender microelectrode is inserted into the olfactory nerve of a fly, and then the guided neuroelectric signal is amplified by an electronic circuit and sent to an analyzer. The analyzer can give an alarm as soon as it finds the signal of odorous substances. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.

This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. This principle can also be used to improve the input device of computer and the structural principle of gas chromatography analyzer.

From Fireflies to Artificial Luminescence

Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. The electric lamp can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy, and the heat rays of the electric lamp are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.

In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".

Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminous colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. The light emitted by fireflies not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, biological light is the ideal light for human beings.

Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light-emitting device consists of three parts: a light-emitting layer, a transparent layer and a reflective layer. The luminescent layer contains thousands of luminescent cells, both of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein will fluoresce with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.

As early as 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of studying fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. A biological light source consisting of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP and water can be used as a flashlight in a mine full of explosive gas.

Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.

Electric fish and volt battery

There are many creatures that can generate electricity in nature, including more than 500 species of fish. People call these discharging fish "electric fish".

All kinds of electric fish have different discharge abilities. The most powerful are torpedoes, catfish and eels. Medium torpedoes can generate about 70 volts, while African torpedoes can generate up to 220 volts. African electric catfish can generate 350 volts; Electric eels can generate 500 volts. There is a South American electric eel that can generate up to 880 volts, and it is called the champion of electric shock. It is said that it can kill big animals like horses.

Where is the mystery of electric fish discharge? Through the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is finally found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. These generators are made up of many translucent disc-shaped cells, called electric plates or plates. Due to the different types of electric fish, the shape, position and quantity of the electric plates of the generator are also different. The generator of electric eel is prismatic and located in the muscles on both sides of the caudate spine. The torpedo generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body midline, with 2 million electric plates. The generator of electric catfish originated from a gland, located between skin and muscle, with about 5 million plates. The voltage generated by a single plate is very weak, but because there are many plates, the voltage generated is very large.

This extraordinary skill of electric fish has aroused great interest. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery according to the power generation organ of electric fish. Because this kind of battery is designed according to the natural generator of electric fish, it is called "artificial electrical officer". The study of electric fish also gives people such enlightenment: if the power generation organ of electric fish can imitate successfully, then

Jellyfish windward ears

"Swallows fly low to rain, cicadas sing in the rain, and the sky clears up." The behavior of living things is related to the change of weather. All coastal fishermen know that fish and jellyfish living along the coast swim to the sea in batches, which indicates that a storm is coming.

Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate. It floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms, and every time before the storm warning, it will swim to the sea to take refuge.

It turns out that in the blue ocean, infrasound (frequency is 8- 13 times per second) generated by the friction between air and waves is always a prelude to storm warning. This infrasound is inaudible to the human ear, but the little jellyfish is very sensitive. Biologists have found that there is a thin handle in the vibrating cavity of jellyfish ears, and there is a small ball on the handle with a small auditory stone inside.

Bionics imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ears, and designs a storm predictor for jellyfish ears to accurately simulate the organs of jellyfish that feel infrasound. This instrument is installed on the front deck of the ship. When receiving infrasound waves from the storm, it can stop the horn from rotating 360 degrees, and the direction it refers to is the direction of the storm. The reading on the indicator can show the intensity of the storm. The forecaster can forecast storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.