How can I recite an article emotionally?

"Learning to read texts correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin" is the common goal of reading teaching in all stages of primary school in the "Chinese Curriculum Standards", which shows its importance. In the sound of reading aloud, students comprehend the article, accumulate language, develop their sense of language, gain aesthetic pleasure, and receive emotional influence. However, it is difficult to guide people to read aloud, but it is even harder to guide people to read aloud with emotion! This is the confusion of many teachers. Obviously, how to read aloud emotionally is a common concern for everyone.

1. Where does the emotion of reading aloud come from?

Many teachers believe that "emotion" comes from knowledge. As long as you "understand" the content, you can also read the emotion. The general teaching idea is: present (determine) the content of reading - understand the meaning - read out the feelings.

For example, the first paragraph of "Nuwa Mending the Sky" is presented:

One night, Nuwa was suddenly awakened by a huge "rumbling" sound. She hurriedly got up and ran outside to take a look. Oh my God, it was so scary! A large piece of the sky collapsed in the distance, revealing a large black hole. The ground was cracked and deep trenches appeared. There were raging fires burning on the hills and floods everywhere. Many people were trapped on the top of the mountain by fire, and many were struggling in the water. Nuwa was extremely sad...

After reading this passage for the first time, the teacher asked: What did you see and hear? How do you feel? What did Nuwa feel in her heart? When the students answered "I feel terrible" and "Nuwa felt sad and anxious", the teacher asked the students to read out this feeling. After obtaining certain information or meaning contained in the text during reading comprehension, we provide guidance on reading methods such as stress and pauses, so that students can read emotionally. This is the way many teachers provide reading guidance. However, this road is not easy, and the results are not ideal. Even if the understanding is "in place", it is still going around in circles outside the text. If you can't get in, you won't be able to read the feelings. This is a common phenomenon.

What is "emotion"? It is a relatively strong psychological response to external stimulation, or a mood change caused by it. What are the "external stimuli" that can prompt students' psychological reactions and mood changes during reading? The direct factor that acts on the senses and causes psychological reactions is not the information or meaning carried by the words. As we all know, most texts are literary works, and their main characteristics are image and emotion. The author expresses his ideas by describing the artistic conception and shaping the image. Establishing and recognizing this concept is of key significance. Modern Chinese reading studies believe that literary works are texts with uncertain information or meaning. They have profound connotations and have many cognitive "undetermined points". It is necessary to obtain certain text information or meaning when reading, but due to its ambiguity and uncertainty, students need to interpret it slowly. Besides, it is difficult for primary school students to immediately transform their rational understanding into the emotion of reading aloud. If the above text allows students to use their imagination to put themselves in the terrible scene of "the disaster of the sky collapsing", imagine that Nuwa, who "created mankind", witnessed "many people surrounded by fire" and "many people struggling in the water" When reading aloud, don’t you still feel emotionless? This shows that the rationalization tendency of reading, or the separation and barrier between cognition and emotion, is the crux of the difficulty in expressing emotions when reading aloud.

2. Feeling images and experiencing emotions are the main ways to guide reading

Language is the home of existence, and the author’s thoughts and feelings are embodied in words. “Emotions lead to speech.” ". Reading is about "getting emotional through the text", perceiving the language and characters of the text, perceiving the artistic images in the text, and being emotionally influenced by aesthetics. Emotional reading is the main means of emotional edification. This is a process. The artistic image created by the text and the emotions poured into by the author between the lines interact with the students' emotional world, and the students' emotions change subtly. The first step is for students to "sneak into the text" and touch the language form to arouse the impulse to read; the second step is to feel the image, observe the emotion, internalize it, and even blend the object and myself; the third step is emotional reading, where passion is released in the sound of reading. The word "feeling" is composed of "feeling" and "emotion". When reading aloud, "feeling" (perceiving the text) comes first and then "emotion" arises. Furthermore, feelings are vented in the form of reading and become "emotion".

Among them, feeling the image of the text and experiencing the author's thoughts and feelings are key links in reading guidance.

It can be seen that reading texts emotionally is a peak reading experience for students. Just like climbing a mountain, you need to take one step at a time to reach the dangerous peak and enjoy the wonderful scenery. Instructing the reading aloud with emotion in isolation, or perceiving the text in a superficial way, is independent of the language, characters and images of the text. Students rarely have true feelings. Reading aloud with a kind of pretentiousness and false emotion is contrary to the rules and purposes of reading aloud. .

The specific methods of feeling images and experiencing emotions will vary according to the grade of the students, the text, and the teacher's own conditions, and cannot be generalized. Based on the above understanding, the following is a brief list of the most important ones for reference and discussion.

1. Fully self-reading and self-enlightenment, and gradually get better

"Correctly - fluently - read the text with emotion". The "correctness", "fluentness" and "emotional" are different levels of reading aloud. It also reflects the progressive nature of reading guidance. "Reading with emotion" is based on "correctness" and "fluentness", and must not be offside, otherwise haste will make waste. We should change the current practice of asking students to read the text quickly and tell the meaning after reading. "Enlightenment and enlightenment" cannot "rush students to enlightenment". Scholars of the Song Dynasty said, "Reading should be avoided in a hurry, and the chanting of kung fu is more interesting." After reading "fluently", teachers can remind students: think about pictures while reading, and transform language and words into pictures of life. Touching the scenery creates emotions, and emotions arise from feelings. Mr. Ye Shengtao said that "the author has a deep understanding of the world, and we can only get close to each other when we enter the country", and "it is only through literature that we understand each other, such as Liang and Jin." After the students read and understand the imaginary picture, the teacher can give appropriate guidance on reading aloud. Remind students like this: What thoughts and feelings did you read about the author? Which words and sentences do you think should be read with emotion? You can also go to the students to listen, communicate individually, give guidance, understand the academic situation and prepare for collective reading guidance.

2． Exchange reading experiences and inspire each other

On the basis of self-reading and self-enlightenment, students should exchange reading experiences. When individual students read to themselves, it is difficult to accurately grasp the emotional tone of reading, and it is inevitable that they sometimes cannot find the feeling of reading. This requires learning partners to compare and inspire each other during reading. If a student reads well, it will immediately infect everyone and make everyone suddenly enlightened. Teachers should provide timely comments and provide guidance from point to point. For example, the second and third paragraphs of "The Story of a Small Village":

There are dozens of families living in the village. I don’t know since when, every family has a sharp axe. If anyone wanted to build a house or make a plow, they would go up to the mountain with an ax and cut down the trees one by one. Just like that, bare land appeared on the hillside.

Year after year, from generation to generation, the woods on the hillside continue to decrease, and the bare land continues to expand...The woods turned into houses, turned into various tools, and turned into There are all kinds of trees, and a large number of trees disappear into the sky along with the firewood smoke coming from the houses.

The teacher reads the text by name, focusing on the words to guide students to read out their feelings. For example, when you read "pick up the ax and go to the mountain and cut down the trees one by one", let the students talk about how to pronounce the dotted words. Students may say something like this: I read these words more heavily. From the words "pick up" and "one by one", I read that they cut down trees without thinking, and they cut down trees casually. I read it with a critical attitude. Another example is reading "The bare land continues to expand..." Students may think: There seems to be a scene of people cutting down trees endlessly in front of me, and I feel sad. For another example, when reading "Trees turned into houses, turned into various tools, turned into all kinds of weapons", students may also say: I should have been happy to read, but I was really happy. Don't get up, because what you get by cutting down trees will be lost sooner or later, and disaster will come at any time... The most common method of reading guidance for intensive reading of texts is to combine understanding the content, feeling the author's feelings, and guiding reading.

3. Perceive the image emotionally and experience empathy

Empathy is an important method of reading guidance. Reading guidance needs to create situations through text language so that students can be immersed in the situation.

The text in the situation originally has sounds and colors. When students read it, they will feel like seeing the person and hearing the voice. For example, when writing about characters, you need to figure out the character's personality, words, deeds, and expressions in the situation. For example, "From Now on" allows you to experience the expressions and tones of lions, owls, kangaroos, and monkeys speaking in the animal world. For example: The first person to take office is Owl. He thought that he had become the "King of Beasts" and was so proud that he immediately ordered: "From now on, you must be like me, rest during the day and work at night!" Teachers can guide children into the big forest where animals compete. "King of Beasts" scenario, ask: Who will be the owl and see how he gives orders? After the students read it aloud, comment on whether the "owl" is "excellent" when giving orders. Another example is the dialogue between the captain, the mechanic, and the first mate in the lesson "The Captain":

In the darkness, people heard such a short and powerful dialogue: "Where is the Locke mechanic?" "The captain called me "How's the stove?" "The sea is flooded." The captain shouted: "Mate Oakley!" "How many minutes are there?" Minutes. "..."Any man who dares to be in front of a woman, you will shoot him"... People feel that a great soul appears above them.

The key to reading these short dialogues well is to lead students into a dangerous situation where people are "frightened and in chaos" and the ship is about to sink in twenty minutes. Imagine that the captain is right in front of us. , he is calm, courageous, selfless and experienced. Only by using a firm, powerful, fast-paced tone and speaking speed when reading aloud can the image of the captain be highlighted, and we can truly feel this "great soul".

Contacting the reality of life can easily arouse students' emotions, especially for children in lower grades. Teachers should be good at transferring students' existing life experiences to the reading guidance of texts. For example, "Three Sons": "A bucket of water is very heavy! Moms' arms hurt and their waists get sore when carrying heavy buckets..." The teacher inspired and said: Have you ever seen mothers carrying water? Who can be a mother and try to carry a bucket of water? Ask this mother to tell everyone about the feeling of carrying water using the words in the text. With life experience, you can read emotions.

3. Model reading is the most direct and effective reading guidance for teachers.

Teachers are the organizers and instructors of teaching, and personal demonstration is the most direct and effective guidance. Teachers' model reading has the following benefits: First, it sets an example for students, making it easier for students to learn and imitate. Fan Du is very popular among students and is often given warm applause. The second is passion. Model reading allows students to grasp the emotional tone of reading aloud and find the feeling of reading aloud. After the teacher finished reading, the students were excited and eager to try. Most famous teachers are masters of Fandu. If you feel that you are lacking in guidance for emotional reading, then your model reading is the last and most effective "trump card". Teachers' demonstrations generally take the following forms:

1. Random demonstrations when students read aloud

Teachers can participate in reading aloud as equals, or read with students, read in different roles, and can also lead readings, lead readings, etc. For example, the sentence in the lesson "Pearl Bird": "I used the long hanging vines of Chlorophytum to cover the birdcage with small green leaves... which made it feel extra relaxed and comfortable." Teacher Dou Guimei guided the reading like this of.

Teacher: Be careful when reading these sentences. They are timid. How should you read them without scaring them?

(Students read with a little emphasis)

Teacher: Don’t stress the Qi stress. If I read it, I would read it even more lightly, because the sutra is so petite and so afraid of people. I would read it like this: "I will use Chlorophytum..."

Teacher Dou read it "carefully", and the students applaud.

When teacher Zhi Yuheng teaches "Hurry", he combines instructing students to read aloud with his own model reading. If the students read the second paragraph, Teacher Zhi said: Reading aloud does not mean that the louder the voice, the better. It must be read according to the emotional tone of the article. For example, feelings like this are very deep feelings. When reading, you should not read it too seriously, but should read it "virtually".

Then Teacher Zhi Fan read: Counting silently, more than eight thousand days have slipped away from my hands... The regret can be read out, and the students' eyes light up.

2. Model reading of the full text or key excerpts

If the text is relatively deep and contains many new words and new words, the teacher should model the text before the students read it for the first time. Its function is to help students understand the new words, read through the sentences, and enhance their sense of language. Lay the foundation for reading with emotion. At present, the reading level of students is not ideal. It is common for students in the lower grades to sing and read. It is particularly important for teachers to model reading. If the text is not difficult and the key is to read it with deep affection and strong emotional experience, you can read it in class. If a teacher feels that his or her reading skills are not very good, then the next best thing is to play recordings of high-level readings, which can also produce good results.

3. It is very important to prepare lessons and read aloud.

If the teacher reads aloud vividly and contagiously, the teaching will be half successful. There are several things to do when preparing to read aloud: try to figure out the meaning of the text sentences while reading, analyze the psychology of the characters, experience the emotions of the language, enter the role first, and arouse your own strong feelings. In this way, you will be full of emotions when reading aloud, pour all your enthusiasm into reading aloud, and strive to be consistent with the emotions in the text. The second is to figure out how to read aloud. Instruct students to read aloud to emphasize true feelings, without placing too much emphasis on the method of reading aloud. But for teachers, in order to express feelings in reading aloud, in addition to having true feelings, they must also pay attention to the reading method. Once the teacher masters the method, it will naturally penetrate into the students' reading guidance. The sound skills of reading aloud are mainly reflected in the changes in stress, pauses, speed, pitch, etc. when expressing expressions. Reading aloud can make the language clear and the emotions full of ups and downs. Changes in speaking speed can distinguish character characteristics, emotions and atmosphere. For example, fast reading expresses excitement and joy, tense and warm atmosphere; slow reading expresses sadness and heavy mood, calm and desolate atmosphere, etc. Third, I have to say that "Kung Fu lies outside poetry." Practicing solid basic skills in reading aloud is a necessary condition for guiding emotional reading. Teachers are not actors or announcers, but if you want to achieve good reading results, you cannot ignore the cultivation of literacy and abilities in this area.

Guiding students to read aloud with emotion is essentially a step-by-step process of in-depth reading and a process of comprehensively improving Chinese literacy. It requires careful reading and careful thinking. Reading it carefully "makes all the words seem to come from my heart" and careful thinking "makes all the meanings seem to come from my heart". It requires emotional experience and imagination... By grasping this small incision, the quality of the entire reading teaching will be improved.