What is the living environment of Beijingers?

The area where Beijingers live has vast forests and waters, and the climate is warm and humid. There are often sika deer, wild horses and other animals here, and there are also rich aquatic plants. Beijingers use stones, animal bones and antlers to make various tools. Their technology of making stone tools is relatively mature, and they use different methods to make different types of tools. Such as point, scraper, stone hammer, anvil, etc.

The age when these stone tools were used is called the Paleolithic Age. Beijingers use these tools to hunt animals and collect plant fruits. They live in groups and work together to get food. They bake things with fire and sleep by the fire at night, so as to keep warm and drive away wild animals, because wild animals are afraid of fire.

Zhoukoudian area is densely forested, overgrown with weeds and infested with wild animals. Beijing people beat stones into rough stone tools by hammering and smashing, and unearthed tools include chopping tools, scrapers and engravers. Cut the branches into sticks and fought hard with nature with extremely primitive tools.

It is impossible to survive by one person alone. So they often have dozens of people together, * * * working together, * * sharing the fruits of labor, and living in groups, forming an early primitive society.

Extended data

According to the skeleton fossils of Peking man unearthed from Peking man site, paleoanthropologists not only recovered the skull of Peking man, but also obtained the body characteristics of Peking man according to the anatomical principle and the knowledge of ape anatomy.

1, skeleton

Peking man's skull is characterized by a low flat forehead. Unlike modern people, there are two interconnected thick brow bones on the upper edge of the orbit, which cover the eyes like an eaves. The skull is thicker, about twice as thick as modern people. Modern people's skulls are enlarged in the upper part and narrowed in the lower part. On the contrary, the lower part of Peking man's skull expands and the upper part contracts, forming the shape of steamed bread.

2. Brain

The brains of Beijingers are only about 80% of the average level of modern people. Beijingers' mouths especially stretch forward. Beijingers also have a wide nose and high cheekbones, which means that their noses are wide and their faces are flat.

The skulls of Beijingers are smaller than those of modern people. Paleoanthropologists calculated the brain capacity of Beijingers from their skulls: the brain capacity of a person who lived 230,000 years ago was about1140ml.

Five skulls that lived about 400,000 years ago were found, in which the brains of two males were 1.225ml and 1.0 1.05ml, that of a female was 1.0 1.05ml, and that of an ape was. It can be inferred that the average brain volume of Beijingers who lived about 400,000 years ago was 1.088 ml, while that of modern people was about 1.350 ml.

3. Teeth (plural of tooth)

Beijing people's teeth are much stronger than those of modern people, and their tooth surface structure is more complicated, but compared with apes, they are weak and simple.

4. Limb bones

The bones of Beijing people's limbs are relatively more advanced than their heads, and basically have the appearance of modern people. The femur is similar to modern people in size, shape, proportion and muscle attachment, but it has some primitive properties. The anteroposterior diameter of the middle femur of modern people is larger than the left and right diameter.

The left-right diameter of the middle femur of Beijing people is larger than the anterior-posterior diameter. The upper arm bone of Beijingers also has the shape of modern people, but the bone wall is thicker and the medullary cavity is smaller. Due to labor, the flexibility of Beijing ape-man's upper arm and hand is not far different, and he can work freely with both hands, and his movements are basically similar to those of modern people.

Baidu encyclopedia-Beijingers

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site Museum Network-Physical Characteristics of Peking Man