Appreciation of Xin Qiji's downfall

Annotation translation

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Sentence annotation

(1) Circuit breaker: name of epigraph. Originally the name of Jiao Fang, Xuanzong of Tang Dy

Annotation translation

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Sentence annotation

(1) Circuit breaker: name of epigraph. Originally the name of Jiao Fang, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, it came from broken array music.

⑵ Chen Tongfu: Chen Liang (111194), with the same name as Futong (half-brother), was born in Yongkang, Wuzhou, Southern Song Dynasty (now Yongkang County, Zhejiang Province). Like-minded with Xin Qiji and become close friends. His ci style is similar to that of symplectic ci.

⑶ Pick up the lamp: Pick up the wick. Look at the sword: pull out the sword and look carefully. There is a grandiose saying in Liu Fu's "Qing Suo Gao Yi" Volume III "Poems of Dry Friends": "Men are generous all their lives, and sometimes they look at swords."

(4) Dream back: Meeting in a dream shows that the battlefield scene described below is only the author's reliving old dreams. Blow the horn: the horn keeps ringing in all military camps. Horn is a military musical instrument, which is five feet long and shaped like a bamboo tube. It is made of bamboo, wood, leather and copper and painted. Blow straight first, then blow horizontally. Its voice is piercing and loud, which makes people excited.

Li: The name of the cow. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Bao Yi" article: "There is an ox, with a name of 800 Li, long tassels and hoof horns. Wang Wuzi (Ji) said to her husband,' My marksmanship is not as good as that of Qing. Now I mean betting on Qing Niu, and I will beat it with millions.' With his Aauto Quicker, your husband said there was no reason to kill your things, so he could let Woods shoot first. Woods broke it together, but according to Hu Chuang, he scolded him and said,' Come and explore the bull's heart!' When it's ready, it's gone. "Han Yuyuan and Shengde Poetry": "Roast 10,000 cows and use 10,000 jars of wine." Su Shi's poem "About Public Servant Wind Day" said: "A public servant is 800 Li, and he washes Confucianism with heroism." "Friends of Yunxi" and "Miscellaneous Simulated Plays" contain Li Rixin's poem "Tixian E Yi Yi": "Shangshan Food Store is big and long, is it ancient? Head. There are also stewed beef in Taichung and a few purple balls. " Distribute roast beef to subordinates. Subordinate, subordinate. Hui, the flag of the army. Barbecue and chopped cooked meat

[6] Fifty strings: originally refers to musical instruments, here generally refers to various musical instruments. "Historical Records": "The Emperor Tai ordered Motome to drum the 50-string piano, which made him sad. The emperor couldn't stop, so he broke his piano for 25 strings." Li Shangyin's poem "Jinse": "I wonder why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each flower-like string is the interval of youth." Turn: play. Sound beyond the Great Wall: refers to the solemn and stirring and rough battle songs.

(7) battlefield: battlefield. Autumn: In ancient times, soldiers were used, mostly in autumn. Point soldier: review the army.

⑻ "Ma Zuo" sentence: The war horse runs as fast as Luma. Like ... Drew: The name of a good horse is fierce fast horse. Xiang Ma Jing: "Ma Bai's forehead is full of teeth, and his name is Lu." The History of the Three Kingdoms and the Ancestral History of Shu quotes Shiyu: "Liu Beitun is Fancheng, and Liu Biao is afraid of him, so he can't be trusted. Once asked to prepare a banquet, Kuai Yue and Cai Mao wanted to prepare, and they dived out. Lu, riding a horse, rode in Xitanxi of Xiangyang City and didn't drown. He said anxiously,' Dear Lu, today is very embarrassing. You should work hard!' Lunai jumped three feet and passed like this. "

(9) Biography of Nan Shi Cao Jing Zong: "Jing Zong said to his relatives,' I used to ride a fast horse like a dragon in the countryside, riding with dozens of young people, pulling my bowstring to make a thunderbolt, and the arrow screamed like a hungry owl ... This happiness made people forget death, and I didn't know that old age was coming. "Thunderbolt, this is the disease of thunder, and the metaphor here is the bowstring sound.

Finish it: finish it. What's going on in the world: the great cause of reunifying the country, especially the restoration of the Central Plains.

⑾ Win: Win. Back: After death.

⑿ pity: pity. ? [2-5]?

Vernacular translation

Drunk, pick up the bright oil lamp and watch the sword. In my dream, I heard the horn of the barracks ringing. Give beef to the soldiers to enjoy, and let the musical instruments play magnificent military music to boost morale. This is the autumn parade on the battlefield.

Horses run like horses, bows and arrows thunder. I am bent on completing the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country for you and gaining a good reputation handed down from generation to generation. Unfortunately, he has become a white-haired man! ? [6]?

The beat of the epigraph

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Inscription interpretation

Broken array, a "ten beats", is the name of Tang, which was later used as the name of the inscription. Yang Chen's "Le Shu": "The Tang Dynasty's" Broken Array Music "belongs to the Qiuci Department and was produced by the King of Qin (Li Shimin). The dancers used 2000 people, all wearing armor and holding flags. In the outer town, the spring soldiers set up music and danced this song, which attracted Ma Jun to enter, which was particularly spectacular. " The Song of the King of Qin is a large-scale dance music created when the Tang Dynasty was founded, which shocked my life. Xuanzang went to India to learn from the scriptures, and once the king of a country asked about it. See "The Western Regions of Datang". This two-tone poem, when intercepted as a piece of dance music, can still imagine the stimulating volume. Sixty-two words, the upper and lower chapters are all three-level rhyme. ? [7]?

Metric control

Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded.

General, general, general.

Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs.

The middle is flat, and the middle is flat.

This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn.

Intermediate and intermediate.

Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder.

General, general, general.

It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation.

The middle is flat, and the middle is flat.

Poor hair has become a white-haired man!

Intermediate and intermediate.

(Note: Ping, the word is Pingsheng; Cue is the word cue; In the middle, it can be even; Bold words are rhymes. )? [7]?

Creation background

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This word was used when the author was frustrated and lived in Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi). When Xin Qiji was twenty-one, he took part in the anti-Jin uprising in his hometown Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). After the failure of the uprising, he returned to the Southern Song Dynasty and became an official in many places. He settled the people's livelihood, trained the army, and strongly advocated the recovery of the Central Plains, but he was rejected. Later, he was not allowed to be appointed for a long time and lived in seclusion for nearly 20 years. In the winter of the 15th year of Xichun in Song Xiaozong (1 188), Xin Qiji and Chen Liang met in Piaoquan, Qian Shan, which was the second "Goose Lake Meeting". Chen Liang is talented, courageous and free to speak. Claiming to be able to "tear down the wisdom and courage of a lifetime and open the heart of the ages." He successively wrote Five Theories on Zhongxing and Filial Piety, and actively advocated the war of resistance, thus being hit by capitulationists. I visited Xin Qiji in Lead Mountain this time and stayed for ten days. After leaving, Xin Qiji wrote the words "He Xinlang said wine pavilion" and gave it to him. He composed a song. Later, I sang it over and over again with the same plaque. This song "Broken Array" was also written in this period.

Poems of Past Dynasties 1 18 quotes ancient and modern thorns: "Chen Liang quotes Jia Xuan to talk about what's going on in the world. In the bright night, I am afraid to think that I am still young and safe. I stole my horse and went there. From you Anfu, it says' broken array'. " ? [ 1][5][8]?

works appreciation

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Overall appreciation

This word begins with two antitheses of two, two and two, and through concrete and vivid description, it shows multi-layered affection. In the first sentence, there are only six words, and the image of a strong man is shaped by three continuous and distinctive actions, which makes readers realize the inner activities of the characters and imagine the living environment of the characters, which means endless. Why are you drunk? After being "drunk", why not go to bed, but "light up"? "Pick" this "light", why don't you do nothing, just pull out your sword and look at the light again and again? ..... This series of questions, as long as you carefully read the whole word, you may make the answers you deserve, so you don't need to explain. "There are more silent complaints than talking". What kind of "explanation" is difficult to show the inner world of the characters more powerfully than this wordless action.

The action of "lighting" points out the night scene again. In the dead of night, when everything is silent, the strong man can't sleep and has to drink alone. After eating "drunk", I still can't calm down, so I follow "holding the lamp" and "watching the sword". Tossed and turned, finally fell asleep. As soon as I fell asleep, everything I just thought became a dream. "Dream" said something, but it was quickly changed to a new lens: "Dream back to the corner." A brave man woke up from a good dream and it was dawn. A military camp is connected to a military camp, and the horn rings. The sound of the trumpet is full of courage. And that strong man happens to be the general in charge of these barracks. So, he jumped up, dressed neatly, and wanted to turn everything he thought in "drunkenness" and "dreams" into reality.

Three or four sentences, there is no need to talk about antithesis, and poets also use even sentences. Too many even sentences tend to be boring; But here it's just the opposite. In two words, the skill is extremely strong, vigorous and powerful, which highlights the majestic military capacity and the high fighting mood of the generals. "800 Li under fire, 50 strings beyond the Great Wall": The soldiers rejoiced and enjoyed the roast beef presented by the general; The army played inspiring fighting music. As soon as the beef is finished, it forms a neat line. The general is full of energy and high spirits, and he is an "autumn soldier on the battlefield." This word "autumn" is well written. Just like "Mazhuang in crisp autumn", "point soldiers" going out indicates an invincible prospect.

In terms of form, Broken Array consists of two films with the same syntax, level tone and rhyme. The beginning of the latter film is called "crossing film", which is generally written as: it must be related to the former film and "change of heart", thus indicating that this is another section, forming the realm of "mountains breaking clouds". Xin Qiji often breaks through this restriction, such as "He Xin Lang Bie Mao's Twelve Brothers", and this song "Breaking the Array, Giving Zhuang Ci Chen Tongfu" is also true. After "Autumn Soldiers Go to the Battlefield", it was magnificent, and it ran straight through the later film "Lu made of horses, fast speed, bow like a thunderbolt": the general took an iron horse, galloped with his whip, and quickly rushed to the front, bowing and thundering, and ten thousand arrows were fired in unison. Although there is no more description, from the flying of "Luma" and the loud noise of "Thunderbolt String", it seems that we have seen several continuous pictures: the enemy fell; Defeated soldiers, messy; The general took the lead, pursued victory, and ended the battle instantly; The victory song was played and the flag fluttered happily.

This is a counterattack. The general is patriotic, but he also pursues fame. If you win the first world war, you will be famous all over the world, which will not only "save the monarch from the world" but also "win his name before his death", which should be regarded as "strong"

If we stop here, it would be a "sophistry". However, in that era when the capitulators unified state affairs, there was no condition for a real "sophistry". What I wrote above is exactly the ideal that the poet is striving for. The poet used his rich imagination and became a general in the world. Just after climbing the ideal peak, he suddenly plummeted and fell back to the cold reality, lamenting deeply: "Poor white hair is born!" " White hair has been born, and the ideal of recovering lost ground has become a bubble. When I think that I only have lofty aspirations, but I "die of serving my country without a battlefield" (to borrow Lu You's poem "Tap Water"), I can only eat wine in sleepless nights, watch the sword when I am drunk and dreaming of death, and chase the battlefield in my dreams, and I am happy for a while. This situation is really "sad". However, no one "pities" him. So he wrote this poem "Zhuang Ci" and sent it to Chen Tongfu in the same "poor" situation.

In the sense of the whole word, the first nine sentences are one paragraph, which vividly depicts the image of a brave and brave general, thus showing the poet's great ambition. The last sentence is a passage, expressing the grief and indignation of "ambition is hard to pay" with a deep sigh. Strong and sad, ideal and reality, form a strong contrast. From this comparison, we can think of the corruption and incompetence of the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, the people's dire straits, and the anguish that all patriots could not serve the country. It can be seen that extremely bold words can also be written in an extremely subtle way, but they are different from the subtle ones of the graceful school.

There is something noteworthy about the tone of this word. The upper and lower six sentences in the Broken Array are all flat, that is, the previous one is flat and the next one is flat, which constitutes a harmonious and soothing syllable. There are two seven-character sentences in the upper and lower films, but they are not flat, but flat and flat, forming an angry and violent syllable. Harmony and anger, liberation and agitation form a contradictory unity. The author makes good use of this tone of contradiction and unity, and appropriately shows the complex psychological changes of the lyric hero and the transformation of many scenes such as battle preparation, battle progress and battle victory in the dream, which has received vivid artistic effects.

The layout of this word is also noteworthy. The phrase "get drunk while watching the sword" suddenly sounded, followed by the taste of dreams, the division of company battalions, the direction of soldiers on the battlefield, and the victory of the enemy, protruding like an eagle, soaring into the sky. However, when soaring in the sky, it suddenly fell and sighed that "poverty happened", which forced readers to shed tears of pity for the author's ambition. This style of writing, which plummets and comes to an abrupt end at the same time, is often exciting because of its unexpected strong artistic effect if used well. Such a structure is rare not only in Song poetry, but also in ancient poetry. This artistic technique also embodies the bold style and original spirit of Xin Ci. However, Xin Qiji did not use this artistic technique to show off his skills and pursue novelty. This expression is closely related to his life experience and political experience. Because it is difficult to realize his ambition of recovery, his feelings broke out and naturally broke the formal convention, which is by no means something that a writer who only pays attention to literary form can do.

Li Bai has a poem called Visit to Ancient Vietnam. The poem reads: "The King of Yue Gou Jian defeated Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home in splendor. The ladies-in-waiting stayed in Man Chun Hall for a long time, but today only partridges can fly! " In this seven-character poem, there are three sentences about the prosperity of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and the last sentence points out the decline of Yue. Although the feelings expressed are obviously different, there are similarities in the layout of the articles, which can be seen. ? [ 1][9]?

Famous comments

Chen Tingzhuo's Collection of Clouds and Shaos: "Every word leaps out, and the word' battlefield' is the autumn sound, which is solemn and stirring and lasts forever."

Liang Qichao's "Selected Poems of Art Museum": "There is infinite love, mourning for the same, and mourning for yourself." ? [ 10]?

Brief introduction of the author

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Portrait of Xin Qiji

Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word You 'an is Jia Xuan. Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong) people. Joined the anti-Jin army at the age of 21. He was once a minister in the palm of Geng's hand and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been sentenced in Jiangyin, sentenced in Jiankang, promoted to prison in Jiangxi, served as a transshipment ambassador in Hunan and Hubei, and served as an appeasement ambassador in Hunan and Jiangxi. He was demoted at the age of 42 and retired to Xinzhou, Jiangxi for 20 years. During this period, he was a prisoner and a special envoy of Fujian. At the age of sixty-four, he was re-elected as the ambassador of eastern Zhejiang and the magistrate of Zhenjiang, and soon returned. He opposed the Northern Expedition all his life and put forward relevant strategies, which were not adopted. His words are passionate, impassioned and full of patriotic feelings. There are Jia Xuan's Long and Short Sentences and Xin Jiaxuan's Notes on Poetry. There are 629 words. ? [ 1 1]?