Usage of sentence modifiers

4. The form of1.1period is ".". There is also a form of period, that is, the dot ".",which is generally used in scientific and technological literature. ?

4. Pause at the end of the statement1.2, and use a period. For example:?

Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC). ?

B) Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind. ?

C) Asia is a vast region, spanning cold, warm and hot areas. Because of the different topography and distance from the ocean, the climate is complex and diverse. ?

4. 1.3 At the end of a soothing imperative sentence, a period is also used. A moment, please. ?

4.2 question mark

4.2. The form of1question mark is "?" . ?

4.2.2 The question ends with a pause and a question mark. For example:?

Have you ever seen a golden monkey?

B) What's his name?

C) Is it better to go or not?

4.2.3 The rhetorical question also ends with a question mark. For example:?

Don't you know me?

How can you say that?

4.3 exclamation point?

4.3. The form of1exclamation point is "!" . ?

4.3.2 Stop at the end of the exclamatory sentence and use an exclamation point. For example:?

A) Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!

B) How I want to see his old man! ?

4.3.3 Exclamation marks are also used at the end of imperative sentences with strong tone. For example:

A) get out! ?

B) stop shooting!

4.3.4 A rhetorical question with strong tone also ends with an exclamation point. For example:

I can't compare with him! ?

4.4 comma?

4.4. The form of1comma is ",". ?

4.4.2 If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma. For example:

Most of the stars we can see are stars. ?

4.4.3 If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma. For example:

It should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.

4.4.4 If there is a pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma. For example:

He is no stranger to this city. ?

4.4.5 Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon. For example:

It is said that there are more than one hundred gardens in Suzhou, and I have been to more than ten. ?

4.5 pause?

4.5. 1 The form of pause is ",". ?

4.5.2 Pauses between juxtaposed words in sentences are marked with pauses. For example:?

A) Amazon River, Nile River, Mississippi River and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world. ?

B) A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles. ?

4.6 semicolon?

4.6. The form of1semicolon is ";" . ?

4.6.2 The pause between coordinate clauses in complex sentences is a semicolon. For example:?

A) Language, which people use to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes. ?

B) In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Qutang Gorge is like a sluice and dangerous; Martial arts is like a winding gallery. Every song and every turn is like an excellent landscape painting, magical and beautiful. The water in Xiling Gorge is very dangerous, and there are rapids and dangerous beaches everywhere. ?

4.6.3 For multiple complex sentences with non-coordinate relationship (such as turning relationship and causal relationship), semicolons are also used between the front and back parts of the first layer. For example:

Citizens aged 18 in China have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. ?

4.6.4 Semicolons can also be used between items listed in branches. For example:

The administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are as follows:

(1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; ?

(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities; ?

(3) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns. ?

4.7 colon?

4.7. The form of1colon is ":". ?

4.7.2 After being used as a title, it means that the following contents are mentioned. For example:

Comrades and friends:

The meeting has begun now. ......？

4.7.3 After the words "say, think, yes, prove, publish, point out and disclose, for example, as follows", it means to mention the following contents. For example:

He was very surprised and said, "Ah, it's you!" ?

4.7.4 Used after the general discussion, it indicates that the following discussion is caused. For example:

There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen Gate, Shenwu Gate, Donghuamen Gate and Xihuamen Gate. ?

4.7.5 Used after the words that need to be explained, it means to lead to explanation or explanation. For example:

Foreign language book fair?

Date: 65438+1October 20th to165438+1October 10?

Time: 8 am to 4 pm?

Venue: No.0/6 Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing?

Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation?

4.7.6 The above contents can also be summarized by colons before the general discussion. For example:

Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University and studied in the Department of Chemistry. Ping Li entered a secondary technical school, majoring in mechanical manufacturing; I work as a shop assistant in a department store: we all have a bright future. ?

4.8 quotation?

4.8. 1 quotation marks include double quotation marks and single quotation marks. ?

4.8.2 Words directly quoted in the text should be quoted. For example:?

A) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution." ?

B) The adage "Full of losses, moderate gains" has been around for at least two thousand years.

C) Modern painter Xu Beihong's Horse, as some critics have said, is full of life with both form and spirit.

Machine ".

4.8.3 The objects to be emphasized are marked with quotation marks. For example:

The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "orderly things". "Having something" means having content, and "having order" means being organized. ?

4.8.4 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example:

A) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzags, stretching all the way to the sky, connected with the stars, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.

B) It is better to have fewer such "smart people".

4.8.5 If quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used outside and single quotation marks should be used inside. For example:

He stood up and asked, "Teacher, what do you mean by' orderly'?" ?

4.9 brackets?

4.9. The common form of1bracket is the parenthesis "()". In addition, there are square brackets, hexagons and square brackets. ?

4.9.2 The explanatory words in the text are indicated by brackets. Annotate some words in a sentence, including the comments immediately after the annotated words; Annotate the whole sentence, including the comments after punctuation marks at the end of the sentence. For example:?

A) The discovery of Chinese ape-man in China is a great contribution to paleoanthropology. ?

B) Writing research articles is different from literary creation, and you can't spread out the manuscript paper and "improvise". (In fact, literary creation also needs literacy to have "improvisation". )?

4. 10 dash?

4. 10. 1 dash appears in the form of "-". ?

4. Explanations in10.2 are indicated by dashes. For example:?

A) Step into the Golden Gate, pass through the Guangfeng Hall and the cloakroom, and you will arrive at the central hall, the pivotal part of the building of the Great Hall. ?

B) For the happiness of the whole people, including ourselves, each of us should be conscientious and work hard. ?

4. 10.3 The topic suddenly changed, which is indicated by a dash. For example:

"It's too hot today! -When are you going to Shanghai? " Zhang Qiang said to Wang who just entered the door. ?

4. 10.4 The sound is elongated, and onomatopoeic words are followed by dashes. For example:

"Woo-"The train started. ?

4. 10.5 List and share items, each item is preceded by a dash. For example:

According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches:

Environmental acoustics;

-Environmental optics;

-Ambient heat;

-Environmental electromagnetism;

-Ambient aerodynamics. ?

4. 1 1 ellipsis?

4. Ellipsis in the form of11.1"……", with six dots occupying the position of two words. If it is an omission of a whole paragraph or a line, it can be represented by twelve points. ?

4. 1 1.2 Ellipsis is indicated by ellipsis. For example:

She hummed a lullaby: "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window lattice ..."?

4. Omissions listed in11.3 are marked with ellipsis. For example:

At the flower market in Guangzhou, peony, bell, narcissus, plum blossom, chrysanthemum, camellia, orchid … flowers in spring, autumn and winter are crowded together! ?

4. 1 1.4 Intermittent speeches can be marked with ellipsis. For example:

"I ... sorry ... everyone, I ... don't ... finish the task." ?

4. 12 bullet?

4. 12. 1 The form of the bullet is ".".

4. 12.2 Words, phrases and sentences that need readers' special attention are marked with bullets. For example:

Career comes out, not out.

4. 13 connection number?

4. 13. 1 hyphen is in the form of "-",occupying the position of a word. There are three other forms of hyphen, namely "-"(occupying the position of two words), "-"(occupying the position of half a word) and "~" (occupying the position of one word).

4. 13.2 two related nouns form a unit of meaning, with a hyphen in the middle. For example:?

A) The area north of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in China belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter.

B) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and physiological experiments of mammals.

4. 13.3 Relevant time, place or figures shall be marked with contact numbers, indicating the beginning and end. For example:

A) Lu Xun (188 1- 1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. ?

B) "Beijing-Guangzhou" through train. ?

C) Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered a high-yield period this year, with an yield of 1000 kg ~ 1500 kg per mu. ?

4. 13.4 Related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. It should be connected with numbers to indicate the product model. For example:

In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine cables that have been built and put into use, TPC-4 submarine cables have also been put into operation.

4. 13.5 Several related items indicate gradual development with hyphens in the middle. For example:

The development of human beings can be divided into four stages: ape-ape-man-ancients-newcomers. ?

4. 14 interval number?

4. The form of14.1interval number is "". ?

4. 14.2 The boundaries between parts in the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with spaces. For example:

Leonardo da Vinci's Aisinjueluo Nurhachi?

4. 14.3 The boundary between the title of the book and the title of the article (chapter or volume) is marked with a space symbol. For example:

Encyclopedia of China, Physics, History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Zhuge Liang Chuan?

4. 15 title?

4. 15. 1 The title forms are double title and single title. ?

4. 15.2 The names of books, articles, newspapers and publications shall be marked with the book name. For example:?

A) The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin. ?

B) Have you read Kong Yiji by Lu Xun?

His article was published in People's Daily. ?

There is a book "The Language of China" on the desk. ?

4. 15.3 When the book title is still used inside, the outer layer uses double book titles and the inner layer uses single book titles. For example:

The preface of China Workers was published on February 7th 1940. ?

4. 16 proper name?

4. 16. 1 proper name is "_ _ _ _ _ _". ?

4. 16.2 Names of people, places and dynasties are marked with proper names. For example:

Sima Xiangru, whose name is Changqing, was born in Chengdu, Shu County in Han Dynasty. ?

4. 16.3 Proper names are only used in ancient books or some literature and history works. In order to match proper names, the titles of such works can use wavy lines "~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~". For example:

Qu yuan was exiled, but was given. Zuo Qiu was blind and unconscious.

5 the location of punctuation marks

5. 1 period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon generally occupy the position of a word, which is lower to the left and does not appear at the beginning of the line. ?

5.2 Quotations, brackets and the first half of the title do not appear at the end of the line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of the line. ?

5.3 Both dashes and ellipses occupy the position of two words and cannot be broken in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of a word. These four symbols are centered up and down.

5.4 Bullets, proper names and wavy titles are marked at the bottom of words, which can be moved with words. ?

6 Different punctuation marks are used for vertical and horizontal manuscripts.

6. 1 period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, pause, semicolon and colon are placed on the right side of the word. ?

6.2 dashes, ellipses, hyphens and spaces are placed in the middle of words. ?

6.3 The quotation marks are changed to double quotation marks and single quotation marks. ?

6.4 Bullets are marked on the right side of the word, and proper names and wavy titles are marked on the left side of the word.