Primary China's Lecture Notes on "Mogao Grottoes"

"Mogao Grottoes" is the third article in Unit 5 of Book 9 of Primary Chinese published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House. The text describes the painted sculptures, murals and Buddhist scriptures in the Mogao Grottoes, and praises the industriousness and wisdom of the ancient working people in China. Text is a narrative of scenery, and the author constructs the full text in the form of "total-sub-total". There are five natural paragraphs in the text, which are divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph (1 natural paragraph) describes the geographical location and general situation of the Mogao grottoes; The second paragraph (natural paragraph 2-4) introduces the colored sculptures, murals and Tibetan scriptures of the Mogao Grottoes. The third paragraph (the fifth natural paragraph) describes that the Mogao Grottoes are world-famous artistic treasures.

Second, students.

The teaching object of this class is the students in Class Two, Grade Five, Hope Primary School. Through previous studies, they have mastered certain Chinese learning methods, such as understanding words and finding central sentences. But the students in this class have poor reading ability and self-study ability. The students in this class are active in thinking, and some students especially like to express themselves and can actively raise their hands to speak.

Third, talk about teaching objectives and difficulties.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Reading teaching is a process of dialogue among students, teachers, texts and authors, and all learning links should attach importance to reading aloud and silently. Chinese teaching should pay attention to the accumulation, understanding and application of language, pay attention to the training of basic skills, and lay a solid Chinese foundation for students. At the same time, focus on developing students' creative potential and promoting students' sustainable development. " Combined with the requirements of the third curriculum standard, "try to figure out the expression order of articles and understand the author's expression methods in reading." Therefore, combined with the characteristics of students, the teaching goal of the second class of Mogao Grottoes I designed is: 1. Students can learn about the exquisite and profound Mogao Grottoes through this class. 2, try to figure out the expression order of the article and understand the expression of the article. 3. Be able to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. 4. Use the specific language materials in the text to inspire reverence for the wisdom of the working people and enhance national pride.

The Dunhuang art introduced in this lesson has a certain distance from the existing knowledge base of students, so the focus of teaching is to understand the exquisite and profound Mogao Grottoes. Because students' reading ability is poor, the difficulty in teaching is to read the text with emotion.

Fourth, talk about teaching methods and learning methods.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Chinese is also a mother tongue education curriculum, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be exposed to Chinese materials more directly and master the rules of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese practices. " Contemporary information technology has also led to changes in our reading methods: from simple text reading to multimedia electronic reading. I collected, edited and produced pictures such as Painted Sculptures, Murals, and Cave of the Tibetan Scriptures, and used situational teaching method to bring students into real life scenes, so that students can read, feel and understand the text by comparing the pictures.

Educational psychology believes that teachers' own emotional state can make students sing, make students be subtly influenced, and make a certain psychological atmosphere appear in the classroom. Therefore, in the teaching of the whole class, teachers read with emotion, guide students, infect students and read their feelings.

Curriculum standards point out that reading is students' personalized behavior, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice. Therefore, I use heuristic teaching, carefully design inspiring, targeted and hierarchical questions, and give students enough time to really talk to the text. In view of the problems, let students learn from each other and inspire each other in cooperation, so as to promote students to explore the problems comprehensively and deeply and understand the contents of the text.

Fifth, talk about the teaching process.

(A) the introduction of passion

German educator Dostoevsky said: "The art of teaching is not to impart skills, but to inspire, awaken and inspire." The ingenious and fascinating introduction of a new lesson is also the key link to stimulate students' interest in learning. At the beginning of the class, I used passionate language to introduce: Students, we have studied the text "Mogao Grottoes" in the last class, and learned that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a bright pearl on the Silk Road, shining in the vast desert. It is a sacred place praised by scholars of all ages and visited by tourists from all over the world. Then ask: Do you want to go to the Mogao Grottoes and have a look? When the students were still attracted by the momentum of the protagonist, I quickly played pictures of the Mogao Grottoes, so that the students could feel the grandeur of the Mogao Grottoes with multiple senses and fully aroused their yearning for the Mogao Grottoes.

(B) intensive reading text understanding accumulation

1, the second paragraph of learning guidance

When learning the second paragraph, I let the students read the text silently, ask their own questions and solve them under the guidance of the teacher. Then let the students read the text in a low voice and think: what does this natural paragraph mean? In what way was this paragraph written? The students understood these two questions. After I showed the painted plastic pictures, I asked: In the face of this vivid, colorful and magnificent painted plastic, all the tourists were amazed. Students imagine what tourists will appreciate. How do you feel after hearing these praises? Then, I immediately summed up my passion, appreciated the colorful sculptures and felt the superb sculpture art of my predecessors. I think every student here will have a sense of pride, so let's read this natural text proudly.

Educational psychology believes that for older students, teachers should guide students to summarize their own learning procedures. In fact, children have mastered the procedures of learning and the methods of learning to a certain extent. Therefore, after learning the first paragraph, I immediately guide students to summarize the methods of learning the first paragraph: reading silently, asking questions and thinking for the first time. Read the second paragraph of induction in a low voice to understand the method. Read it for the third time, read your feelings and taste it.

2. Teach yourself the third paragraph

The third natural section and the second natural section are similar in structure. So when studying this paragraph, I first ask students to learn by themselves according to the learning method, and then the teacher checks the effect of self-study.

Curriculum standards point out that in reading teaching, in order to help students understand the text, students can be guided to learn the necessary grammar and rhetoric knowledge with the text. Therefore, I show pictures and ask students to read sentences describing flying. Ask the students to say what this sentence is. Then imitate this sentence and say what other forms of flight are there. Later, I said with emotion: the skirt swaying with the wind and the fluttering ribbon make the sky fly so light, so clever and so charming! Let's read the third paragraph beautifully together.

Read the fourth paragraph.

A good way to keep pen and ink, read, tick and draw. "From which sentences can we see that there are many cultural relics in the Mogao Grottoes?" Throw out the questions and let the students sketch. Timely broadcast pictures of precious cultural relics and the destruction of Mogao Grottoes, experience the wisdom of ancient working people again, and inspire students' hatred of the invaders. "How do you feel after seeing the picture?" At this time, the students felt that they had something to say, and the teacher encouraged them to read the fourth paragraph with regret and hatred.

4. Read the full text silently and summarize the aftertaste.

The curriculum standard requires senior students to silently read general reading materials of not less than 300 words per minute, and try to figure out the expression order of articles during reading. Therefore, for the fifth-grade students who have just entered the third stage of senior high school, they should continue to learn to read the text silently. They can think while reading, without making any noise or pointing, and pay attention to the speed of silent reading. So I ask students to finish reading this 503-word text in two minutes, tick the central sentence of the whole article, and think about what order this text was written. Then grasp the central sentence and ask: Why is the Mogao Grottoes called the world-famous art treasure house? Guide the students to discuss and summarize the full text.

(C) Sublimate emotions, expand and extend

Maslow, an American psychologist, holds that "self-realization" is the highest level of human achievement and the realization of self-ideal. Affirm the students' study in this class and let them taste the joy of success after hard work. This is the best reward for students. At the end of this class, I recited the poem of Mr. Yu, a famous writer, in an affectionate tone, so as to sum up the full text: she is a carnival and a release. In her arms, god and man blend and soar in time and space. So, she let people walk into myths and fables. We are flying, and flying is us.

At this moment, the students' minds are full of strong emotions, so I took advantage of the situation and left a question: If you still want to know anything about the Mogao Grottoes, just use the relevant websites provided by the teacher to browse in the information technology class. It is also natural to guide students to find more information, solve problems, build an open classroom structure, leave room for students to develop their thinking, and make students' learning extend from class to extracurricular.

Sixth, talk about blackboard design.

According to the content of the text, try to embody the principle of simplicity and clarity, and design the following blackboard writing:

Pearl Mogao grottoes art treasure house