Can you please give me some reference materials about cowboys in the American West? Both Chinese and English are acceptable. English literature is preferred. I have to write a paper recently. Please,

Can you please give me some reference materials about cowboys in the American West? Both Chinese and English are acceptable. English literature is preferred. I have to write a paper recently. Please, please

West cowboy refers to a group of passionate and fearless pioneers in the vast land of the West in the United States from the 18th to 19th centuries. In American history, they were the pioneers in developing the West. They were adventurous and hard-working, so they were called "heroes on horseback" by Americans.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Generation Background

Lifestyle

Work Outfit Lariat

Denim scarf

Cowboy hat

Denim jacket

Cowboy boots

Social Impact Western Novel

Western Movie

Techno Cowboy

Introduction to the arcade game of the same name

Generation background

Lifestyle

Working outfit Lasso

Denim scarf

Cowboy hat

Denim jacket

Cowboy boots

Social Impact Western Novel

Western Movie

Techno Cowboy

Arcade Game of the same Name

Expand Edit This Introduction

For most Americans Even to many people in the world, the American western cowboy is a heroic and mysterious figure. In literature, movies and television works, cowboys usually wear Mexican-style wide-brimmed high-top felt hats, carry Colt revolver repeaters on their waists or carry Winchester rifles on their shoulders, wear bullet belts, and wear jeans and leather jackets. A top, a tight-fitting multi-pocket denim jacket with sleeves, a pair of high leather boots decorated with horse studs, and a brightly colored large square scarf around the neck. Riding a fast horse at lightning speed, the image is powerful and free. An outer attire that represents the quintessential individualism and free spirit. Due to the endless rendering of Western movies, various paperback novels and TV shows, the kind, capable and brave Western cowboys are very popular. But the real cowboy was a much more complex figure than his oft-romanticized descendants. In fact, the Western Cowboy is a short-lived historical phenomenon, a service industry worker that flourished in the American West from 1866 to 1886. The creation of this profession depended on the invention of refrigerated railroad cars. But another invention, barbed wire, quickly made this profession disappear.

Background of editing this paragraph

To talk about cowboys in the American West, we must first talk about American cattle. Americans are descendants of European immigrants, and American cattle are descendants of Europeans. Cattle in the United States were first brought to America by Columbus. At that time, he brought Spanish cattle to the West Indies and the coastal areas of Central and South America. In 1525, Spanish cattle began to be introduced to the North American continent from the West Indies. In 1611, the British transported a large number of cattle to James City, Virginia. Since then, British cattle have been widely multiplied in the North American continent, and many breeding sites have appeared there. In 1540, the Spanish explorer Coronado crossed the Atlantic Ocean to North America in search of the legendary "Seven Treasures City of Seborra". He also brought 500 cattle with him, and these cattle were transported to the area today in northern Mexico and Arizona in the United States today. Since then, the cattle have continued to multiply and gradually spread throughout northern Mexico and the state of Jalisco. By the beginning of the 17th century, the number of cattle in Jalisco had reached more than 100,000. In short, American cattle entered from the east and south and gradually spread throughout the country. At the beginning of the 18th century, cattle herds appeared in Ohio and Kentucky in the United States. Kentucky means meadow in Indian, also known as the Green Grass State. Illinois, adjacent to Kentucky, is called "Prairie Country" by Indians and is a paradise for cattle. By the mid-19th century, the technology of taming and raising cattle was already very sophisticated. After the Civil War, cattle pushed westward to the vast grasslands west of the Mississippi River, where they became the "Cattle Kingdom."

But having to graze cattle around barbed wire and fenced crop fields frustrated the cowboys, and they soon disappeared. Although the cowboy lifestyle was still maintained in some parts of the West during the 1920s, the cowboy's heyday was gone forever. But their enterprising and pioneering spirit has always inspired Americans.

Edit this work outfit

Lasso, cowboy scarf, cowboy hat, cowboy jacket, cowboy boots. The attire of modern cowboys is not much different from that in the movies. Because among these denim outfits, each piece has its own value and is not just a decoration.

Lariat

The lasso is an indispensable classic equipment for every cowboy. It is divided into the simpler straw lasso and the more sophisticated lasso made of cowhide or other animal skins. Ask for two kinds. As a real cowboy, whether he can use the lasso proficiently is as important as measuring whether he has superb horsemanship and marksmanship. It is often the key to whether they can be hired. The noose is usually looped by the cowboy and hung on the saddle head or tied to the edge of the saddle in front of the cowboy's thigh, and can be removed and used at any time. A lasso is usually used with one end wrapped around a strong saddle head and the other end used as a looper to wrap around the neck or legs of a chased cow or other livestock. In addition, the lasso has many unique functions, such as using it to pull cargo wagons up steep hills, transporting logs, lassoing the horns or feet of livestock to rescue it from a bog or cave. Come out and wait. When the herd "explodes", the cowboy must ride as fast as possible to catch up with the leading cow, accurately throw the lasso around its head, neck or legs, pull it to the ground and subdue it, so as to stop the crazy herd. Keep running.

Denim scarf

Cowboys usually wear brightly colored printed square scarves around their necks. Printed square scarves are mostly made of cotton or silk. The background color is relatively single, mainly red, blue and black, with various small patterns printed on them. Silk printed square scarves with bright colors and beautiful patterns are most loved by cowboys. The large printed square scarf has almost become a symbol of cowboy life. It is jokingly called the "flag of the western pastoral area". It has a wide range of uses, such as wiping sweat, washing face, bandaging wounds, covering dust, and transmitting signals. At the same time, its bright color is also rich in wealth. Personalized decoration. Cowboys cherish their large square towels very much. Whenever they go to a place with water, the cowboys must clean the large square towels carefully, then put it on their heads or hold it in their hands, ride their horses forward, and let the wind dry them. After the cowboy dies, his companions will cover his face with a clean large square kerchief that was his favorite during his lifetime, so that he will still have the most loyal companion on his lonely journey to another world.

Cowboy Hat

Cowboy Hat

The American cowboy hat comes from a style often worn by Mexican cowboys called the "Stetson" Felt hat with wide brim and high top. The top of this hat is concave downwards, while the brim on both sides is slightly turned up. In addition to making the person who wears it look smart and capable, the cowboy hat also has many practical functions. It can not only protect against wind, frost, rain, snow, sun and hail, but also serve as a ready-made water ladle, rice bowl, and pillow. The evolution and diversity of cowboy hats can be seen in Western movies. Western movie stars in the 1920s liked to extend the pleats to the brim of their hats; stars from the 1950s and 1960s, like James Stewart and Stephen McQueen, had exaggeratedly curled hat brims; and Clint Every time Eastwood appears in a Western movie, he is always accompanied by his unique black cowboy hat with a flat straight edge. The most vivid one is his classic look in "The Last Day and the Dead" - a face. Buried behind the slanted hat, a half-smoked cigar is exposed at one corner, mysterious and legendary.

Denim Clothing

Early American cowboys generally wore shiny leather chaps instead of jeans. The leather chaps with tassels are a must for cowboys working in the field. They not only protect their legs from thorns, but also protect them from the cold in winter, and they can also be used to strike matches! Denim men rarely wear short sleeves, firstly to protect themselves from the sun, and secondly to prevent scratches. Generally, a tight-fitting sleeveless leather jacket is worn, and a shirt with sleeves and different colors, mainly made of Scottish checkered velvet, is worn underneath. The denim shirt has breast pockets and yoke design, and the reversible lapel can be decorated with a tie.

This kind of attire is not only easy to put on and take off, but also looks neat, convenient and full of energy when doing work. There are many pockets inside the denim jacket, allowing cowboys to put various necessities that they need to carry with them into their pockets. In western movies, most cowboy shirts are beautified, some have lace decorations or tassels on the front, and some also wear fancy suede shirts.

Cowboy boots

Riding boots are almost as common as daily necessities in the western United States. They are worn by both cowboys and ordinary residents. They are made of cowhide, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, snakeskin, etc. , after embossing and coloring, the boots have high soles, thin soles, and strong heels. They not only feel good on the feet, but are also very beautiful. A pair of high-quality Western boots can last for twenty or thirty years without losing their shape. Tall leather overboots are a must-have for cowboys traveling around the world. These boots are mid-calf high, with a Cuban heel shape and topstitching. Most of them are two-toned and decorated with beautiful leather carvings or leather patterns. They are waterproof and warm, and are wear-resistant and durable. They are bright and charming. Put them on for action. Quick and agile, it is very suitable for the needs of cowboys who drive cattle and chase water and grass all day long. Cowboy boots are usually equipped with spurs on the back. Some also have a kind of decoration hanging on their boots that will make various crisp and pleasant sounds when they hit it. When they ride a horse or walk, they will make a tinkling sound, showing that "before you see the person, you must first Hear its voice" is extremely majestic.

Edit this section for social impact

At the end of the 19th century, the East-West Railway ran through, and cowboys changed careers one after another, and their vigorous figures became increasingly rare. With the development of transportation, by the beginning of the 20th century, the cowboy era was completely over. But the end of the cowboy era contributed to the complete establishment of the western cowboy spirit. With the spread of American culture to the outside world, cowboy culture has gradually become deeply rooted in the hearts of the people along with the image of western cowboys in literature and movies. The unique clothing, language, songs and entertainment methods of cowboys have become the symbol of cowboy culture after interpretation by the world. The official and unofficial history and legendary stories of the cowboys' endeavor and pioneering have become an important part of American culture, inspiring generations of Americans. The legend continues.

Western novels

If the western spirit embodied in western cowboys constitutes the prototype of the American spirit, then the emergence of the image of cowboys in western novels finalizes the American spirit and becomes A symbol of the American spirit. Western novels show the hardships of life on the western frontier and publicize the spirit of the pioneers' struggle for survival. The national spirit tempered in this unique environment is the core of the American spirit.

American western fiction can be traced back to 1784, when John Filson published "The Discovery, Settlement, and Present Condition of Kentucky." Through this book, Americans first learned about Daniel Boone, the earliest hero to migrate to the West. His courage, perseverance, wisdom, and indomitable enterprising spirit have become a model in people's minds and synonymous with the "Western Spirit." Since then, people's understanding of the mysterious West has undergone qualitative changes. One of the greatest achievements in the development of American western novels is the embodiment of western heroes into cowboys with more western characteristics. Owen West's masterpiece "The Virginian" is regarded as the starting point of cowboy novels in the history of American literature and is known as the first true western novel. The cowboy image has since become a timeless classic. As soon as this "Virginian" was born, he immediately aroused the admiration and imitation of countless writers.

The long and short stories that make up the "cowboy myth" emerge in endlessly, creating many cowboy images with different looks: "Riders of the Jungle" by Sean Gray and "The Road to Lordsburg" by Ernest Haycox The knights who selflessly protect helpless women like Winters and the "Blonde Youth"; the cowboys who "fight against injustice" for morality and dignity like Shane in Jack Schaeffer's "Shane"; Bret Hart The gold diggers like Bill in Jack London's "Tennessee Friend" and Bill who are not afraid of dangers... The vivid cowboy characters left a deep impression on readers: a red sun that is about to sink on the edge of the desert. In the background, cowboys wearing felt hats, scarves, boots and pistols waved ropes to gather hundreds of longhorn cattle, and then rode their horses in the billowing smoke of the cattle. Whip, galloping across the prairie, and beside the campfire at night, the melancholy melodies sung by the cowboys filled the horizon. The canyons and rivers, the sky and the sky are vast, and the rugged, upright and energetic cowboys move forward fearlessly.

Western Movies

Western novels drove the development of Western movies. Western movies of the same age as Hollywood made the image of tough cowboys a heroic image in the American collective mythology. The spirit of the Western cowboys eventually Become a symbol of the American spirit. The 1903 film "The Great Train Robbery" is the origin of American western films. Anderson, who played the gangster Bronco Billy in this film, naturally became Hollywood's first male star of a Western. In 1939, John Ford directed the sound film "The Crossing", which was recognized as a milestone in Western films because it brought together all the classic elements of the West. Its styling style, character settings and narrative rhythm all laid the foundation for Western films. Basic mode. The film describes a stage car's thrilling journey through the wilderness of New Mexico in the western United States, presenting a distinct visual map of the West: unique karst landforms, steep valleys, deserts filled with yellow sand, monumental rocks, and a quiet corner. towns and taverns, galloping horses and caravans. The characters are also quite stereotyped. Lin Guo, starring John Wayne, is a typical western cowboy image. He is handsome, unruly, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, holding a revolver, and fights for revenge. Stills from the movie "Once Upon a Time in the West"

The 1952 "High Noon" pioneered the psychological western film. Four-fifths of the entire film is spent on foreshadowing, but the final shot only takes place in a split second. The film depicts a small town police chief who fights alone against four villains who come for revenge when he is unable to find an assistant. The film's episode "Do Not For Sake Me" won the Academy Award for soundtrack and became a popular cowboy song. In 1969, "Once Upon a Time in the West" created the miracle of "Spaghetti Western" when American Westerns were gradually declining in the 1960s. It is like a magnificent, beautiful, soothing "Western Poetry", reviewing the history of the West. All the features: the exciting railway era, the endless desert sand. A homeless and unknown harmonica-playing cowboy, a wanted gangster, a sinister conspirator, and a beautiful girl entangled between the three. In 1990, "Dances with Wolves", directed by Kevin Costner for the first time, unexpectedly won at a time when Western films were in decline. It swept the Oscars that year, shocked the world of film, and revived Hollywood Western films. The film lasted three hours, cost $18 million, and used 3,500 bison, 300 horses, more than 130 technicians and 400 extras. This large-scale epic western movie goes against the previous practice of writing Indians as savage people in western movies. It boldly subverts the tradition of white supremacy in western movies and refreshes the look of western movies. In 2000, "Space Cowboys" was released. "Space D'Artagnan" played by Eastwood led his three "space musketeers" to fight in the unknown space in order to find return and defend their glory. The spirit of the Space West once again sublimates the American spirit. 2006's "Brokeback Mountain" was a new breakthrough for the American western film that had already become a genre of its own. Ang Lee put it bluntly: "The American West is a masculine world, only men and animals. All Western movies have never gone towards the soft side.

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Technical Cowboys

The “Lost Generation”, “Hippies” and “Beat Generation” that appeared one after another in the 20th century are just different manifestations of the cowboy cultural character. From the beginning as "runaways" to travelers from east to west, Americans seem to have never grown up. When they enter the digital age, they are like children when they discovered and opened up the new world. Like the West, the new continent of the digital world was discovered by the United States, and they became pioneers in this latest field. The birth and development of computers in the United States was once again confirmed by the American national character, which is constantly renewing itself. It is a manifestation of the so-called "American soul". Perhaps the connection between the cowboy spirit and the computer revolution is incredible, just like Bill Gates studied law at Harvard University, but his favorite magazine was "American Society". "Science" and "The Economist", it seems that it is "laymen" and "technical cowboys" with non-scientific backgrounds such as Gates and Negroponte who can lead the American computer "experts" and regular troops. A unique characteristic is that Gates, Facebook founders, Google's Brin and Page all dropped out of school to pursue their dreams. They all turned their own territories into "cowboy farms" because they were talented and independent. When college students Serge Brin and Larry Page founded Google 10 years ago, they created a company that reflected their own characteristics. They encouraged employees to spend 20% of their working time on what they thought they could do best. What benefits the company is that Google's engineers can schedule their own work hours. They usually come to the office at noon, enjoy lunch and dinner cooked by famous chefs in the company's cafeteria, and then work late into the night; they park in the company's parking lot every week. There are also two roller hockey games arranged at the venue; the employees' daily attire is casual and fresh, and they prefer T-shirts and jeans instead of suits and leather shoes. The famous "Gates outfit" is just a pair of worn jeans and a casual shirt. A casual T-shirt and a pair of dusty old leather shoes.