On the Benevolent Heart in Ancient China

Yueyang Tower is a famous work of Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is famous in history because it has a saying, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later." In the fifth year of Song Renzong Qing Dynasty (1045), Fan Zhongyan, who advocated political reform, touched the interests of the court conservatives, was removed from the post of assistant prime minister and relegated to Dengzhou (now Dengxian County, Henan Province). In June of the following year, Teng, who was in charge of Baling, rebuilt the Yueyang Tower, which was about to be completed. He asked Fan Zhongyan to take notes and attached a picture of Dongting in late autumn. The historical masterpiece Yueyang Tower was written on September 15 this year.

Yueyang Tower stands at the west gate of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, next to Dongting Lake. Since ancient times, it has been called "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building". Together with Tengwangge in Nanchang, Jiangxi and Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei, it is also called the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River (the other is the four famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, including Xie Shoulou in Xuanzhou, Anhui).

Yueyang Tower has been developed from generation to generation based on The Yuejun Tower of Lusu in the Three Kingdoms. Before the Tang Dynasty, its function was mainly used in the military. Since the Tang Dynasty, Yueyang Tower has gradually become a scenic spot for tourists and romantic poets to visit and compose poems. At this time, Baling City has been changed to Yueyang City, and Baling Building has also been called Yueyang Building. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan's well-known "Yueyang Tower" made Yueyang Tower famous all over the world. For thousands of years, countless literati have visited places of interest here, expressed their feelings on the railings, and recorded them in words, recited them in poems, and painted them in form. Arts and crafts artists also describe the scenery of Dongting with Yueyang Tower as the theme, making Yueyang Tower the subject of repeated description and writing in artistic creation for a long time.

Now Yueyang is rebuilt in 1984, imitating the shape of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty when it was built in six years. Climb Yueyang Tower and you can browse the lakes and mountains of Dongting Lake in 800 miles.

Yueyang Tower is the only one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River that keeps its original appearance, and its architectural artistic value is unparalleled. 1988 1 was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council, and was listed as a national key scenic spot protection area in August of the same year. 200 1 year 1 month, approved as the first batch of national AAAA-level tourist attractions. It is the only scenic spot in Hunan on the Yangtze River Golden Tourism Line, an important window for Yueyang to open to the outside world, and the leader of Yueyang tourism.

original text

In the spring of the fourth year, Li Qing stayed in Baling County. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything went smoothly. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it. It belongs to the composition to remember.

Guanfu Baling wins in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Everything the elder said is ready. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well.

If it rains, the moon will not open, the evil wind will howl, and the turbid waves will be empty; The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; Twilight is boundless, tigers roar and apes crow. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad.

If it is spring, it is calm and the sky is high and the clouds are light; Sha Ou Ji Xiang, swimming in the brocade scale; The coast is blue and green. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you arrive at Dunsi Building, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you feel happy.

Hey, honey! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself. If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?

September 15th, six years.

author

Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), that is, the second year of Emperor Taizong's reign (989)- the fourth year of Huang You (1052). Fan Zhongyan, word Xi. With Bao Zheng, he was a famous minister, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was born in Wuxian (now Jiangsu).

He was not only a famous politician and commander in chief in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also an outstanding writer and educator. The Li Qing Reform led by him became the prelude of Wang Anshi's Xifeng Reform. He improved some military systems and strategic measures to make the western border defense stable for a long time; A large number of scholars he recommended laid the foundation for the academic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. His thought of worrying about the world first and the moral integrity of people with lofty ideals are brilliant spiritual wealth in the history of Chinese civilization; Zhu called him "the first-rate figure in the history of heaven and earth"! Today, the remains of Fan Zhongyan in various places have been protected and commemorated by people.

translate

In the spring of four years, Li Qing was demoted to the secretariat of Yuezhou. In the second year, the government was smooth and the people were happy, and many abandoned enterprises were established. So the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt, the old scale was expanded, and the poems and songs of the Tang Dynasty and today's sages and celebrities were carved upstairs. He asked me to write an article about it.

I think the beautiful scenery of Yueyang is all on a Dongting Lake. It embraces the distant mountains and breathes the flowing water of the Yangtze River. Vast and boundless; In the morning, the lake is sunny, and in the evening, the sky is dark and the scenery is endless. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower. The previous account is very detailed. In this case, how can the feelings caused by seeing the natural scenery be different for most of the martial arts relegated to the north and the people and poets in the Xiaoshui Xiangjiang River in the south?

Like a continuous drizzle, it didn't clear up for a whole month, the cold wind roared and the turbid waves rushed to the sky; The sun and stars hide their brilliance, and the mountains disappear; Businessmen and tourists can't get through, the mast falls down and the paddle is broken; It was dark at night, only the roar of tigers and the sad cry of apes could be heard. At this time, when you board this building, you will feel homesick when you leave the country, fearing being vilified and ridiculed. All you can see are depressed and neglected scenes, which are extremely sad and sad.

Another example is that the spring breeze is warm and sunny, there is no stormy waves, and the sky is connected with the lake, and it is green and boundless; Bai Ou on the sandbar sometimes flies and sometimes stops, and beautiful fish swim around; The grass on the shore and the orchids on the continent are rich in fragrance and green in color. Sometimes a large area of smoke completely dissipates, the bright moonlight pours away, the floating light flashes gold, the quiet moon shadow sinks jade, and the fisherman's song echoes. How can this kind of fun be endless? When you board Yueyang Tower, you will have an open mind and a happy spirit. I forgot the glory and humiliation at the same time, and stood in the wind with my glass up, so happy.

Alas! I used to explore the thoughts and feelings of ancient nobles, which may be different from the above two moods. What is the reason? Don't be happy or sad because of the quality of foreign things and your own gains and losses. Being a senior official in the court and worrying about the people; If you are not an official in the imperial court, you are worried about the monarch. Seems to be worried about being an official in the court, and worried about not being an official in the court. In this case, when can we be happy? Then we must say, "Be sad before the world is sad, and be happy after the world is happy". Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?

Written on September 15th, 6th Qing Dynasty (1046).

Decoded words

1

Chen: Officials of the feudal dynasty were demoted or transferred.

Guard: refers to being the governor of a state or county.

Baling: County name, namely Yuezhou, now Yueyang, Hunan.

Next year: the second year. (that is, five years in Li Qing, 1045)

Yue: It's over, it's over.

Political affairs are smooth and the people are happy.

Tong: Smooth.

He: He Le.

Tool: pass "all", all, all.

Nye: So.

Increase: expand.

System: scale.

Genus: Tong "Tuo" and Tuo.

Composition: Write an article.

Reporter: Narrator.

2

Victory: Good scenery, good scenery.

Title: Contains.

Swallow: Swallow.

Vast soup (shāng): the water waves are mighty.

Boundless: broad and boundless.

Horizontal: Guangyuan.

International border: the edge. (The difference between international borders: international refers to land borders; Refers to the boundary of water)

It turns sunny to cloudy from morning till night.

Hui: Sunshine.

Meteorology: scenery.

Thousand: ever-changing

A spectacular sight.

Everything the elder said is ready: the elder explained it in detail.

Preparation: detailed.

However: even so, then.

Xiaoxiang, Antarctica: South to Xiaoshui and Xiangshui. Xiaoshui is a tributary of Xiangshui, which flows into Dongting Lake.

Extreme: exhausted.

Relocated households: Relocated households refer to those who have been demoted and transferred.

Poet: Poet. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets.

Assemble.

There is nothing unusual about seeing things: how can the feelings caused by seeing natural scenery be different?

Browse: Look.

Different: different

three

Ruofu: Used at the beginning of a paragraph, causing the following situation. The following "Zhiruo" is the same. "Ruofu" is similar to "like that" and "Zhiruo" is similar to "As for".

Erotic rain: continuous drizzle.

Feifei: Dense rain (or snow).

Open: clean up.

Yin: cold.

Turbidity: turbidity.

Empty: rush to the sky.

The sun and stars hide their brilliance.

Yao: Brilliant.

Yue: High mountains.

Mountain hidden form: Mountain hidden into the body.

Diving: Disappear.

Ok: yes.

Tilt damage: the mast fell down and the paddle broke.

Strong: mast.

Ba: Paddle.

Tilt: Fall down.

Twilight: It's dark at night.

Thin: close.

Here you are.

Then: just.

Have: produce.

Go home: Leave Beijing and miss your hometown.

Go: Leave.

Country: The national capital.

Fear of being laughed at: fear of speaking ill of (others) and criticism.

Fear: fear.

Say something ugly.

Scold: criticize and accuse.

Bare: depressed and cold.

Feeling: feeling.

four

Spring and harmony: the spring breeze is very warm.

Scene: daylight.

Calm: The lake is calm and there are no stormy waves.

Jing: It means "get up" and "move" here.

Up and down the sky, a blue sky: the sky meets the lake, green and boundless.

Wan Qing: Very extensive.

Sha Ou: Seagulls on the beach.

Ji Xiang: Sometimes it flies, sometimes it stops.

Episode: The bird stops in the tree.

Brocade: Beautiful fish.

Cheese: A kind of vanilla.

D: Zhou Xiao.

An Zhi Lan Ting: The grass on the shore and the wild flowers on the mainland.

Gloomy: describes lush vegetation.

And or: sometimes.

The long smoke disappeared: a large area of smoke completely dissipated.

One: all of them.

The bright moon is thousands of miles away: the bright moon leans towards Wan Li.

Floating gold: the fluctuating light shines with gold. The following is a description of the water waves in the moonlight.

Still shadow and heavy jade: a kind of jade jade with the image of still moon that sinks into the water. This is about the moon shadow in the water when there is no wind.

Bi: Round jade.

He Ji: There is no end.

Open: open.

Yi: Happy.

Forget shame: both glory and shame have been forgotten.

Pets: Glory.

Kay: Together.

Professor: Welcome.

Keep the bartender in the wind: Keep the bartender in the wind is to keep the bartender in the breeze.

Keep: keep, keep.

Yang Yang: Happy and smug.

five

Taste: Once.

Seek: explore.

Red-violet: A person of noble character in ancient times.

Heart: thoughts and feelings.

Or different from both: perhaps different from (above) two moods.

Or: close to the meaning of "maybe" and "maybe" and express a euphemistic tone.

Different: different from.

Wei: This refers to psychological activities (that is, two emotions).

I: because.

Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself: don't be happy or sad with things (good or bad), don't be happy or sad with yourself (gains and losses).

Temple height: In a high temple, you are an official in the imperial court. In the following, "Jin" means "staying at the height of the temple".

Temple: ancestral hall.

Hall: Palace.

Temple: refers to the imperial court.

Stay away from Jianghu: Being away from Jianghu means not being an official in the imperial court. The following "retreat" means "stay away from the rivers and lakes".

Yes: So.

However: in that case, then ...

It must be: it must be.

First: before.

After: After.

Wes, who shall we go back to: (if) without this person, who shall I go with?

Wei: No.

Smith: Such a person.

Who's going home? It means "who's going home with".

Return: take refuge.

Make an appreciative comment

Along the Xiangjiang River, through Changsha, and then forward, a piece of Wang Yang comes into view, that is, Dongting Lake, which is "full of water and sky, boundless romance". Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in Zhang, a message from Dongting: "Clouds and rains are falling across Yueyang." Vividly displayed the vast momentum of Dongting Lake, and became the swan song of the ages. Yueyang mentioned in the poem, with Dongting in the west and the Yangtze River in the north, has been the throat of north-south traffic since ancient times. Looking from Dongting Lake to Yueyang, the most striking thing is a three-story building standing by the lake, which is spectacular against the blue sky and white clouds. That is the famous Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower was formerly the military parade platform of Lu Su, the governor of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. In the fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuling, secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, called Yueyang Tower, built a pavilion in the former site of the parade platform. Famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Zhang Xiaoxiang and Lu You. They all left their well-known poems here. In the spring of A.D. 1044, Teng was demoted to Baling County, Yuezhou as the magistrate, and the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt in the following spring. In June, he wrote a photo of Dongting in late autumn to Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of Dengzhou's demotion, and asked him to write an article about Dongting. In September of the sixth year of Li Qing, Fan Zhongyan wrote this famous "Yueyang Tower". The full text of Yueyang Tower is only 368 words, divided into five paragraphs.

The first paragraph explains the reasons for taking notes.

Write the background and prosperity of the rebuilding of Yueyang Tower, and explain the reasons for writing the biography of Yueyang Tower. This account is necessary, because Fan Zhongyan is neither a Yueyang native nor an Yueyang official, and may have never been to Yueyang at all. A person who has nothing to do with Yueyang suddenly made notes for Yueyang Tower, which must be explained. The author first put forward his good friend Teng, saying that after he was demoted to Yueyang, after a year's time, he achieved "harmony between the government and the people, and everything went smoothly". The Yueyang Tower was rebuilt and expanded, and the poems of the sages and modern people in the Tang Dynasty were engraved upstairs. Let me write an article on this matter. This passage is concise, the background that must be explained is explained at the beginning of the article, and then you can be free to imagine.

The second paragraph describes not the Yueyang Tower itself, but the transition from the grand view of Yueyang Tower to the artistic conception of viewing things.

Always write about the scenery of Dongting Lake. The content of this passage is about scenery, and the tone is about discussion. As soon as I came up, I put forward my own view: the beautiful scenery of Baling is concentrated on Dongting Lake, which is a distant mountain, engulfing the Yangtze River, surging and endless. These words describe the vastness of lakes and the vastness of water potential in space. The next two sentences, "sunny in the morning and cloudy at night", show the changes of Dongting Lake from different scenery at different times. In the early morning, the sun shines brightly, making Dongting Lake look like a mirror, just as Zhang Bi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem, "Endless is paved with glass". At night, the fog is low, and Dongting Lake is shrouded in darkness, just as Li Qi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Fog and rain sink clouds and dreams, and smoke and waves are misty." The above sentence captures the different scenery of Dongting Lake in different periods, vividly renders its myriad weather, and then concludes: "This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors." Since the previous description is complete and there are poems engraved on Yueyang Tower, Fan Zhongyan won't go into details. People know me slightly, and people know me slightly, so they write about the feeling of going upstairs to see things: "But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang, and the poets who moved away from home will all be here. Isn't it strange to see things?" Relocation refers to officials who have been demoted to other places. Qu Yuan once wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets. Because Dongting Lake is connected to Wuxia in Hubei and Xiaoxiang in the south, Yueyang Tower by the lake is a place where immigrants and poets often gather. Can they feel different when they go upstairs to see the scenery of Dongting Lake? These sentences are the hub of the full text, which naturally leads to the following two paragraphs. The above description of Dongting Lake is objective, and the following are the subjective feelings of imaginative emigrant poets when they view Dongting Lake; The above words are simple, and the following words are eloquent and incisive.

The third paragraph, writing things, is sad.

The general idea of this paragraph is: if it is rainy season, it will not clear up for several months in a row; The evil wind roared in the sky, and the turbid waves on the lake vacated; The sun, the moon and the stars cover their brilliance, and the mountains also cover their bodies; Business travelers are afraid to travel, and all ships are damaged; When everything is shrouded in darkness at dusk, only the sound of tigers whistling and apes crying keeps coming into our ears. At this time, when I boarded Yueyang Tower, I felt sad and sad, and I felt even more sad to leave the capital and miss my hometown. I am very worried, afraid of the slander and ridicule of the villain, and I am extremely sad.

In the fourth paragraph, people who like reading are happy.

On a mild day in spring, the bright sunshine shines on the calm lake without a ripple. The sky is lined with lake light, which reflects the sky and is green from top to bottom. Sha Ou in the sky flew and stopped, and the fish in the water swam around. The flowers and plants on the shore exude a strong fragrance, which is refreshing. At night, you can also see the smoke on the lake swept away, and the bright moonlight shines thousands of miles; The moonlight is rippling with water waves and shining with golden light. The reflection of the moon is immersed in the water, just like a piece of jade. The fisherman's song duet is full of infinite joy. When you board Yueyang Tower, you will feel relaxed and forget all the honors and disgraces. Raise a glass and drink, laugh at the breeze, and you will only feel extremely gratified and happy.

These two paragraphs are written in sharp contrast. One cloudy and one sunny, one sad and one happy, two contrasts. Emotion moves with the scene, blends with the scene, and has a poetic artistic conception. From these two paragraphs, the last fifth paragraph leads to the main idea of the article. This paragraph denies the two feelings about things written in the first two paragraphs, showing a higher ideological realm.

In the fifth paragraph, write your attitude towards life and political ambitions positively.

"Hey, husband!" , is an interjection. The author said with great emotion that I have discovered the inner feelings of ancient people with high morality, which is different from the above two kinds of moods. Their joys and sorrows are not affected by the objective environment and scenery, nor are they changed by personal gains and losses. When you are an official above the temple, you care about the people, lest they be hungry and cold; Retreat from the rivers and lakes and stay away from state affairs is to worry about you, for fear of your loss. Therefore, they are worried about whether they are advancing or retreating, so when will they be happy? They must answer this way: the world is not worried, worry first; The world is happy, and it is happy afterwards; The author said with emotion: Without this person, who would I go with? Expressed his yearning and admiration for this kind of person. Among them, "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" expresses the author's political ambition and attitude towards life. Not only self-encouragement, but also encouragement with friends.

The last sentence of the article, "1September 199615th", explains the writing time of this article.

Think about the source of drinking water and find the root of words. This root is the reason why the author writes. How "The Story of Yueyang Tower" came into being, we can look for this root together. This root is clearly stated in the article: "In the spring of four years, Teng Zijing was ordered to guard Baling County ... and it was written to remember it." Although Teng died, it made Baling "a harmonious society and prosperous society", which shows that Teng is the pillar of the country. Less than a year after he took office, he made great achievements and rebuilt Yueyang Tower. In ancient times, when people built pavilions, they often wrote articles describing the process and historical evolution of construction and repair. Teng Amethyst asked his friend Fan Zhongyan to write a note. Why not invite friends? At this time, Fan Zhongyan was demoted as a magistrate in Dengzhou, which was really awesome. The difference is that Fan Zhongyan and Teng are very different in life. Teng, who is "optimistic and charming", is a good-tempered, willful and conceited person. It is difficult to listen to other people's opinions. He always resents his unreasonable dismissal and often complains. It is said that on the day Yueyang Tower was completed, his subordinates came to congratulate him, but he said, "What a success! After drinking it in one gulp, it will be more than a dozen times. " When he should be happy, Teng is full of all kinds of sadness, which shows that he has not yet come out of the official blow. You can read the full text of Yueyang Tower, but you can't find this feeling of resentment because of being demoted. Why is this? The reason is Fan Zhongyan. Generally speaking, "if you let the minister drive away the guests, once you are far away, your sad and haggard sighs are all caused by your poems, which are particularly sour, and some people can't send them themselves." Fan Zhongyan, however, can be free and easy when he is hit by setbacks, regardless of things and himself. As a friend of Teng, Fan Zhongyan always tries to persuade him, but never speaks. Later, Teng wrote to Fan Zhongyan and asked him to write an inscription for Yueyang Tower, so that Fan Zhongyan could speak for his old friend. In the article, he wrote, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", "If you live in a temple, you will worry about others; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It is also a worry and a worry. " These words are not only used by Fan Zhongyan to encourage himself, but also to encourage others. Who should be encouraged? Teng amethyst!

Finding this root, we can understand that Fan Zhongyan wrote "Yueyang Tower", not only to remember Teng's deeds of rebuilding Yueyang Tower, but also to encourage his old friends. How to persuade? You can't go straight, you have to write secretly. What is the excuse? Of course, it is the scene of Dongting Lake! He wrote his views on the ups and downs of life clearly, and advised his old friends to be free and easy, and to be a free and easy person who "doesn't like things, doesn't grieve for himself". In Fan Zhongyan's view, it is no wonder that there are two ways to live in one's life. One is "happy with things, sad with things". Like those poets who moved to other places, because the scenery of Dongting Lake is either happy (the fourth paragraph) or sad (the third paragraph), "it is unnatural for people to have seven emotions, respond to things, feel things and sing about their aspirations." (See Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long) So, seeing "it's raining, even the moon can't open ... the tiger howls and the ape cries" leads to "going to the countryside to feel homesick, worrying about hunger, and being extremely sad everywhere", and seeing "beautiful spring, calm ... fishing songs answering" leads to "refreshing", one of which is "not happy with things" If you stay away from Jianghu, you will worry about your husband, your people and your husband, but you won't worry about yourself! Because, their worries and joys have been "worried about the world first, and happy after the world"! Amethyst's old friend, how I miss people like you! "Wes, who are we?" This article was written in Dengzhou, and the author has never been to Yueyang Tower.

Common sense of literature

Fan Zhongyan was born in 989 and died in 1052. The word Wen Xi is from Wuxian, Suzhou. A famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. After his death, he was called "Zheng Wen" and the world called him "Duke Fan Wenzheng". Wuxian is Suzhou today. He was born in poverty, and his father, Fan Yong, was appointed as the secretary of the festival. He was only two years old when his father Fan Yong died. When I was young, I stayed in a temple to study. I often do not have enough to eat. I still insist on studying hard day and night, and I have never undressed and slept for five years. Later, China scholars wrote to the emperor many times and put forward many suggestions to get rid of the disadvantages, which were repeatedly relegated by conservative forces. Later, he was responsible for the northwest frontier defense and made great contributions in resisting the invasion of Xixia. He was once transferred back to the imperial court, served as the deputy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. However, under the attack and exclusion of conservative forces, he was forced to leave the Song Renzong court for five years. With his 64-year-old life, he unswervingly pursued his life ideals and political opinions, which was praised by contemporary and later generations. Articles and poems are both free from vulgarity and externalization of one's own mind and feelings. There are a number of Fan Wenzheng official documents handed down from ancient times. When I wrote Yueyang Tower, I was a magistrate in Dengzhou.

Yueyang Tower is famous first because of its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another famous contemporary writer, said in his inscription that he was interested in the world since he was a child. He often recited to himself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world." It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted to an official and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes". He could have taken an independent attitude and lived a leisurely and happy life. However, he refused to do so, and still took the world as his own responsibility, encouraging himself and his friends with the words "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is commendable.

It is not easy for a person to worry first, but he must be courageous, knowledgeable and ambitious. For a person who worries first and then rejoices, it is even more valuable to enjoy himself after making achievements. The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, undoubtedly still has educational significance today.

Writing characteristics

First, the grand view of Yueyang Tower has been exhausted by predecessors. What's the point of repeating those old sayings? There are two ways to meet this situation. One way is to write conviction, and others say yes, but I won't write it. Another way is to avoid familiarity and find another way. I won't say what others say is bad. I will find a new topic from a new angle and tell my own story. Fan Zhongyan adopted the latter method. The title of the article is "The Story of Yueyang Tower", but it cleverly avoids writing about the building, but writes about Dongting Lake, and writes about the different feelings of the relocated poets who boarded the building when they saw the different scenery of Dongting Lake, so as to set off the so-called "heart of the ancients" in the last paragraph. Fan Zhongyan's ingenuity cannot but be admired.

Second, take notes, write scenes, express feelings and discuss in one article. Taking notes is concise, writing scenes is extravagant and wasteful, showing true feelings and incisive discussion. There are not many words in the discussion part, but it plays a leading role in the full text, so some people say that this is a unique argumentative paper. The discussion skills in Yueyang Tower are really worth learning.

Third, the language of this article is also very distinctive. Although it is prose, it is interspersed with many four-character antitheses, such as "the sun, the moon and the stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden." "Swimming in Jinli, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou." "The long smoke is exhausted, and the moon is thousands of miles away; Glimpses, still shadows. " These compound sentence added color to the article. The author is also deeply honed in the use of words, such as the word "title" and "swallow" in two sentences, which just shows the vast momentum of Dongting Lake. "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", and the concise eight words are as inspiring as the motto. "Worry about the world first, and be happy about the world later", which has a rich meaning in just two sentences, and every word has vitality.

In a letter asking Fan Zhongyan to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower", Teng said: "Those who watch the landscape will not see the balcony, but journalists will not see the balcony for a long time." Indeed, Yueyang Tower has become a scenic spot that people yearn for because of this wonderful sketch. The story of Yueyang Tower, like the landscape of Dongting, will always give people good memories.

Full-text center: In the name of notes, this paper expounds the progressive thought of "not liking things, not worrying about yourself", "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", as well as the author's own political ambition. At the same time, it also expresses his determination not to compromise with conservative forces, and it also contains the meaning of comforting and encouraging Teng. The whole article is a narrative; Description; Discuss in one, borrow scenery to express emotion.

Thematic analysis

Write the author's great ambition: worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

Write the author's open mind: not happy with things, not sad for yourself.

The noble moral sentiments of "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself" and "worry about the worries of the world first, and enjoy the joy of the world later"

Summary of paragraph meaning

The first paragraph describes the reason why the author wrote this article: entrusted by Teng. This paragraph describes the reconstruction and addition of Yueyang Tower.

The second paragraph describes the magnificent lake light seen on Yueyang Tower and puts forward a point of view.

The third paragraph describes the bleak scene of long rain on the lake and the sad mood of "moving people and poets" going upstairs to see it.

The fourth paragraph describes the cheerful scene of bright spring scenery on the lake and the pleasant mood of "moving to visit the building"

The fifth paragraph expresses the author's ideas and encourages friends to be colleagues. The author clearly put forward his life ambition and political ambition (taking "the benevolent people of the ancient times" as a model, worrying about the country and the people), and showed his broad mind and strong will ("don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself", "worry about the worries of the world first, and enjoy the joy of the world later").